GUSESENGURA ICYUMWERU CYIZA CY'IKORANABUHANGA

1. Gukuramo ibice byumukungugu mubyumba bitagira umukungugu

Igikorwa nyamukuru cyicyumba gisukuye ni ukugenzura isuku, ubushyuhe nubushuhe bwikirere cyibicuruzwa (nka chipiki ya silicon, nibindi) bihura nabyo, kugirango ibicuruzwa bibyare umusaruro kandi bikorwe ahantu heza h’ibidukikije. Uyu mwanya twita icyumba gisukuye. Dukurikije imyitozo mpuzamahanga, urwego rwisuku rugenwa ahanini numubare wibice kuri metero kibe yumuyaga hamwe na diameter irenze urwego rushyirwa mubikorwa. Muyandi magambo, ibyo bita umukungugu ntabwo ari umukungugu 100%, ahubwo bigenzurwa mubice bito cyane. Birumvikana ko ibice byujuje ubuziranenge bwumukungugu muriki gipimo bimaze kuba bito cyane ugereranije numukungugu dusanzwe tubona, ariko kubikoresho bya optique, niyo umukungugu muto uzagira ingaruka mbi cyane, kubwibyo nta mukungugu ni ikintu byanze bikunze mugukora ibicuruzwa byubaka optique.

Kugenzura umubare wumukungugu ufite ubunini burenze cyangwa bungana na microne 0,5 kuri metero kibe kugeza kuri metero 3520 / kubic bizagera ku cyiciro A cyurwego mpuzamahanga rudafite ivumbi. Igipimo kitagira umukungugu gikoreshwa mugukora chip murwego rwo gutunganya no gutunganya gifite ibisabwa cyane kumukungugu kuruta icyiciro A, kandi urwego rwo hejuru rukoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora chip zimwe murwego rwohejuru. Umubare wumukungugu ugenzurwa cyane kuri 35,200 kuri metero kibe, ubusanzwe uzwi nkicyiciro B mubikorwa byibyumba bisukuye.

2. Ubwoko butatu bwicyumba gisukuye kivuga

Icyumba gisukuye cyubusa: icyumba cyisuku cyubatswe kandi gishobora gukoreshwa. Ifite serivisi zose nibikorwa. Ariko, nta bikoresho bikoreshwa nabakoresha muri kiriya kigo.

Icyumba gisukuye gihamye: ibikoresho byicyumba gisukuye gifite imikorere yuzuye, igenamigambi rikwiye nogushiraho, bishobora gukoreshwa ukurikije igenamiterere cyangwa rikoreshwa, ariko ntabikorera mubigo.

Icyumba gisukuye gifite imbaraga: icyumba gisukuye mugukoresha bisanzwe, hamwe nibikorwa bya serivisi byuzuye, ibikoresho nabakozi; nibiba ngombwa, imirimo isanzwe irashobora gukorwa.

3. Kugenzura ibintu

(1). Irashobora gukuraho umukungugu ureremba mu kirere.

(2). Irashobora gukumira ibisekuruza byumukungugu.

(3). Kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe.

(4). Amabwiriza.

(5). Kurandura imyuka yangiza.

(6). Ubukonje bwikirere bwububiko.

(7). Kwirinda amashanyarazi ahamye.

(8). Kwirinda kwivanga kwa electronique.

(9). Kuzirikana ibintu byumutekano.

(10). Gutekereza kuzigama ingufu.

4. Ibyiciro

Ubwoko bw'imivurungano

Umwuka winjira mucyumba gisukuye uva mu gasanduku koguhumeka unyuze mu muyoboro w’umwuka no muyungurura ikirere (HEPA) mu cyumba gisukuye, hanyuma ugasubizwa mu mbaho ​​z’urukuta rw’ibice cyangwa hasi hejuru ku mpande zombi z’icyumba gisukuye. Umwuka wo mu kirere ntugenda muburyo bumwe ariko ugaragaza imidugararo idasanzwe cyangwa imiterere. Ubu bwoko bubereye icyumba 1.000-100.000 icyumba gisukuye.

Ibisobanuro: Icyumba gisukuye aho umwuka utemba utemba ku muvuduko utaringaniye kandi ntaho uhuriye, uherekejwe no gusubira inyuma cyangwa eddy.

Ihame: Ibyumba bisukuye byuzuye bishingiye ku kirere gitanga umwuka kugirango bikomeze bigabanye umwuka wo mu nzu kandi buhoro buhoro bigabanya umwuka wanduye kugira ngo ugere ku isuku (ibyumba bisukuye by’imivurungano byateguwe ku rwego rw’isuku iri hejuru ya 1.000 na 300.000).

Ibiranga: Ibyumba bisukuye byuzuye bishingiye kumyuka myinshi kugirango bigere ku isuku no kurwego rwisuku. Umubare wimpinduka zoguhumeka ugena urwego rwo kweza mubisobanuro (uko umwuka uhinduka, niko urwego rwisuku ruri hejuru)

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Ibyiza: imiterere yoroshye, igiciro gito cyo kubaka sisitemu, byoroshye kwagura icyumba gisukuye, ahantu hamwe hagenewe intego, intebe idafite isuku irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango urwego rwicyumba gisukuye.

Ingaruka: ibice byumukungugu biterwa numuvurungano bireremba mumwanya wimbere kandi biragoye gusohoka, bishobora kwanduza byoroshye ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe. Mubyongeyeho, niba sisitemu ihagaritswe hanyuma igakora, akenshi bisaba igihe kirekire kugirango ugere ku isuku isabwa.

Laminar itemba

Umwuka wa Laminar ugenda mumurongo umwe ugororotse. Umwuka winjira mucyumba unyuze muyungurura ufite igipimo cya 100% kandi ugasubizwa mu igorofa yo hejuru cyangwa ku mbaho ​​zigabanywa ku mpande zombi. Ubu bwoko bubereye gukoreshwa mubidukikije bisukuye hamwe nisuku yo hejuru yisuku, mubisanzwe icyiciro 1 ~ 100. Hariho ubwoko bubiri:

. Umukungugu usohoka hanze hamwe nicyerekezo cyumwuka. Mubisanzwe, umwanda urakomeye kuruhande rwo hepfo.

Ibyiza: Imiterere yoroshye, irashobora guhinduka mugihe gito nyuma yo gukora.

Ibibi: Igiciro cyubwubatsi kiri hejuru yimivurungano, kandi umwanya wimbere ntabwo byoroshye kwaguka.

. Umukungugu utangwa mugihe cyibikorwa cyangwa nabakozi urashobora gusohoka vuba hanze bitagize ingaruka kubindi bikorwa.

Ibyiza: Byoroshye gucunga, leta ihamye irashobora kugerwaho mugihe gito nyuma yigikorwa gitangiye, kandi ntabwo byoroshye ingaruka kubikorwa cyangwa leta ikora.

Ibibi: Igiciro kinini cyubwubatsi, biragoye gukoresha byoroshye gukoresha umwanya, kumanika igisenge bifata umwanya munini, kandi bigoye gusana no gusimbuza akayunguruzo.

Ubwoko

Ubwoko bwa compteur ni uguhuza cyangwa gukoresha ubwoko bwimivurungano nubwoko bwa laminari hamwe, bishobora gutanga umwuka wa ultra-isuku waho.

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Ubu bwoko busaba ahakorerwa ibikorwa byumukoresha kwitandukanya nibicuruzwa no gufata imashini kugirango birinde kugira ingaruka kumurimo nubwiza mugihe cyo gufata imashini.

Imiyoboro isukuye ifite izindi nyungu ebyiri: A. Biroroshye kwaguka byoroshye; B. Kubungabunga ibikoresho birashobora gukorwa muburyo bworoshye.

. Irakoreshwa mubikorwa bya farumasi, ibiryo ninganda ziciriritse.

. intebe zakazi zisukuye, isuka isukuye, ibyumba bisukuye byateguwe, hamwe n imyenda isukuye biri muriki cyiciro.

Intebe isukuye: icyiciro 1 ~ 100.

Icyumba gisukuye: Umwanya muto uzengurutswe nigitambaro cya plastiki kirwanya anti-static mumwanya wicyumba gisukuye, ukoresheje HEPA cyangwa ULPA yigenga hamwe nubushyuhe bwo guhumeka kugirango ube ahantu hasukuye murwego rwo hejuru, rufite urwego rwa 10 ~ 1000, uburebure bwa metero 2,5, nubuso bungana na 10m2 cyangwa munsi yayo. Ifite inkingi enye kandi ifite ibiziga byimukanwa kugirango bikoreshwe byoroshye.

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Akamaro ko mu kirere

Isuku yicyumba gisukuye ikunze kwibasirwa numwuka. Muyandi magambo, kugenda no gukwirakwiza ivumbi ryakozwe nabantu, ibice byimashini, inyubako zubaka, nibindi bigenzurwa numuyaga.

Icyumba gisukuye gikoresha HEPA na ULPA muyungurura umwuka, kandi igipimo cyacyo cyo gukusanya ivumbi kiri hejuru ya 99.97 ~ 99.99995%, bityo umwuka wayungurujwe niyi filteri ushobora kuvuga ko ufite isuku cyane. Ariko, usibye abantu, hari n'amasoko y'umukungugu nk'imashini mucyumba gisukuye. Iyo umukungugu wabyaye umaze gukwirakwira, ntibishoboka gukomeza ahantu hasukuye, bityo umwuka wo mu kirere ugomba gukoreshwa kugirango uhite usohora umukungugu wabyaye hanze.

Ingaruka

Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumyuka yicyumba gisukuye, nkibikoresho bitunganyirizwa, abakozi, ibikoresho byo guteranya ibyumba bisukuye, ibikoresho byo kumurika, nibindi. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba no kwitabwaho aho icyerekezo cyo gutembera kiva mu kirere hejuru y’ibikoresho byakozwe.

Ikirere cyo guhumeka ikirere hejuru yimeza rusange ikora cyangwa ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro bigomba gushyirwaho kuri 2/3 byintera iri hagati yicyumba gisukuye nikibaho. Muri ubu buryo, iyo umukoresha arimo gukora, umwuka wo mu kirere urashobora gutembera imbere yimbere yikibanza ukoreramo ugakuramo umukungugu; niba icyerekezo cyo kugorora cyashyizwe imbere yikibanza cyakorwaga, bizahinduka uburyo bwo guhumeka neza. Muri iki gihe, igice kinini cyo mu kirere kizatemba inyuma y’ahantu ho gutunganyirizwa, kandi umukungugu uterwa nigikorwa cyumukoresha uzajyanwa inyuma yibikoresho, kandi intebe yakazi izaba yanduye, kandi byanze bikunze umusaruro uzagabanuka.

Inzitizi nk'ameza y'akazi mu byumba bisukuye azaba afite imigezi ya eddy aho ihurira, kandi isuku hafi yabo izaba ikennye. Gucukura umwobo wo kugaruka kumeza kumurimo bizagabanya eddy yibihe; niba gutoranya ibikoresho byo guteranya bikwiye kandi niba imiterere yibikoresho itunganijwe nabyo ni ibintu byingenzi byerekana niba umwuka uhinduka ibintu bidasanzwe.

6. Ibigize icyumba gisukuye

Ibigize icyumba gisukuye bigizwe na sisitemu zikurikira (ntanumwe murimwe wingenzi muri molekile ya sisitemu), bitabaye ibyo ntibizashoboka gukora icyumba cyuzuye gisukuye kandi cyiza:

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(2) Sisitemu yo guhumeka: harimo akazu keza, sisitemu yo kuyungurura, imashini yumuyaga, nibindi.

(3) Urukuta rw'ibice: harimo amadirishya n'inzugi.

(4) Igorofa: harimo igorofa yo hejuru cyangwa igorofa irwanya static.

(5) Amatara yo kumurika: Itara risukuye LED.

Imiterere nyamukuru yicyumba gisukuye ikozwe mubyuma cyangwa sima yamagufwa, ariko uko yaba imeze kose, igomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira:

A. Nta gucika bizabaho kubera ihinduka ry'ubushyuhe no kunyeganyega;

B. Ntibyoroshye kubyara umukungugu, kandi biragoye ko uduce duhuza;

C. Hygroscopicity nkeya;

D. Kugirango ubungabunge ubushuhe mucyumba gisukuye, ubushyuhe bwumuriro bugomba kuba hejuru;

7. Gutondekanya ukoresheje

Icyumba gisukuye mu nganda

Igenzura ryibice bidafite ubuzima nicyo kintu. Igenzura cyane cyane ihumana ryumukungugu wo mu kirere ku kintu gikora, kandi imbere muri rusange hagumaho umuvuduko mwiza. Irakwiriye mu nganda zimashini zisobanutse, inganda za elegitoronike (semiconductor, imiyoboro ihuriweho, nibindi), inganda zo mu kirere, inganda z’imiti zifite isuku nyinshi, inganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi, inganda zikoresha optique na magnetique (CD, firime, ibyuma bifata amajwi) LCD (ibirahuri bya kirisitu byamazi), disiki ikomeye ya mudasobwa, umusaruro wa mudasobwa nizindi nganda.

Icyumba gisukuye cyibinyabuzima

Ahanini igenzura kwanduza ibice bizima (bagiteri) hamwe nuduce duto (umukungugu) ku kintu gikora. Irashobora kugabanywamo;

A. Icyumba rusange gisukuye cyibinyabuzima: kigenzura cyane cyane kwanduza ibintu bya mikorobe (bagiteri). Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho byimbere bigomba kuba bishobora guhangana n’isuri ry’imiti itandukanye, kandi imbere muri rusange byemeza umuvuduko mwiza. Mu byingenzi, ibikoresho byimbere bigomba kuba bishobora kwihanganira uburyo butandukanye bwo kuboneza urubyaro ibyumba bisukuye mu nganda. Ingero: uruganda rukora imiti, ibitaro (ibyumba byo gukoreramo, inzu zitaweho), ibiryo, amavuta yo kwisiga, umusaruro wibinyobwa, laboratoire yinyamanswa, laboratoire zipima umubiri n’imiti, sitasiyo yamaraso, nibindi.

B. Icyumba gisukuye cyumutekano wibinyabuzima: kigenzura cyane cyane kwanduza uduce duto twibintu bikora ku isi ndetse nabantu. Umuvuduko wimbere ugomba kuguma mubi hamwe nikirere. Ingero: bacteriology, biologiya, laboratoire isukuye, injeniyeri yumubiri (gen recombinant, gutegura urukingo)