Intangiriro
Nka nkunga ikomeye yinganda zateye imbere, ubwiherero bwabonye iterambere ryinshi mubyingenzi mumyaka icumi ishize. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoloji hamwe no gukenera isoko ryiyongera, ubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bwubwubatsi hamwe na serivise zunganira byageze ku ntera yujuje ubuziranenge ndetse nubuhanga.
Nka shami ryarushijeho guha agaciro ubwubatsi bwubwubatsi, ubwubatsi bwubwiherero ntibuhindura gusa ibintu byingenzi nko kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa no kunoza umusaruro, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye mu guhatanira amasosiyete ndetse n’iterambere ryiza kandi rihamye ry’urwego rwose. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abafata ibyemezo ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse n’ibanze, hamwe n’ibigo bitandukanye by’ishoramari n’abitabiriye inganda, bose bagaragaje ko bashyigikiwe kandi bashyigikiye iki gice cy’isoko.
Iyi ngingo igamije kwerekana byimazeyo uko iterambere ryifashe n’iterambere ry’amasosiyete y’ubwubatsi bw’isuku y’imbere mu gihugu hifashishijwe isesengura ry’ibarurishamibare ry’amasosiyete afite amakuru yo kwiyandikisha mu nganda n’ubucuruzi akubiyemo amagambo "ubwubatsi bw’ubwiherero" cyangwa "ubwubatsi bwo gutunganya" (bivuze ko ari "ubwubatsi bwo gutunganya"), butanga ishusho rusange.
Kugeza mu mpera z'Ugushyingo 2024, ibigo 9.220 byose byashyizwe mu gihugu hose, muri byo 7.016 byari bisanzwe bikora naho 2,417 bikaba byanditswe ku rutonde. Ikigaragara ni uko kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, umubare w’amasosiyete mashya y’ubwubatsi y’isuku yashizweho yerekanye ko ugenda uzamuka: mu ikubitiro, hiyongereyeho amasosiyete mashya agera kuri 200 buri mwaka, akazamuka agera kuri 800-900 mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cyo kwiyongera kirenga 10%.
Mu 2024, umuvuduko w’isoko ry’inganda z’ubwubatsi bw’isuku wagabanutse cyane. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, umubare w’amasosiyete mashya yashinzwe kuva muri Mutarama kugeza mu Gushyingo wari 612, wagabanutseho 37% uva kuri 973 mu gihe kimwe cya 2023. Iri gabanuka ryerekana kimwe mu byagabanutse bidasanzwe mu myaka 15 ishize. Icyakora, birashimishije ko nubwo hari ibibazo, igipimo cy’amasosiyete mashya yashinzwe mu mwaka cyagumye hejuru ya 9%, kirenga umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere rusange bw’inganda rusange.
Urebye ku turere, aho uturere twibanda ku masosiyete akora ibijyanye n’ubwiherero bukora cyane, hamwe n’ubusumbane bukomeye hagati yakarere kayobora. Intara eshanu zegeranye za Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, na Zhejiang zigize ibigo by’ibanze by’inganda, bikurikirwa n’Intara ya Guangdong. Ubu buryo butandukanye no gukwirakwiza kwimishinga mishya. Kurugero, intara nka Zhejiang na Hebei zirata imishinga myinshi yubwubatsi bwubwiherero, nyamara umubare wibigo byubwubatsi byubwiherero ntabwo biri hejuru.
Kugirango urusheho gusobanukirwa n'imbaraga za buri ntara mu nganda z’ubwiherero n’isuku, iyi ngingo ikoresha imari shingiro yishyuwe nkigipimo, ishyira ibigo bifite imari shingiro yishyuwe irenga miliyoni 5 nkabayobozi muri urwo rwego. Dufatiye ku miterere y'akarere, iki cyiciro cyongeye kwerekana itandukaniro ry'akarere: Intara za Jiangsu na Guangdong zigaragara kubera imbaraga z’ubukungu zikomeye. Ibinyuranye na byo, mu gihe intara za Shandong, Henan, na Anhui zirata umubare munini w’amasosiyete, ntabwo zirusha cyane izindi ntara ukurikije umubare w’ibigo bikomeye, bikomeza umubare nk’amasosiyete yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Twihweje umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’intara n’amakomine atandukanye mu myaka itanu ishize biragaragaza ko, nubwo muri rusange imikorere ikomeye, Intara ya Guangdong isigaye inyuma mu rugamba rwo guhatanira umwanya wa gatanu. Hagati aho, intara za Hubei na Jiangxi, ziherereye mu Bushinwa rwagati, zagaragaje imbaraga zikomeye zo gukura. By'umwihariko, igitangaje ni uko ku rwego rw’umujyi wa perefegitura, umurwa mukuru w’intara zo mu gihugu imbere nka Zhengzhou, Wuhan, na Hefei wagaragaje ko uzamuka cyane. Ibi bihuza ningamba ziterambere ryigihugu zerekeza mu turere two hagati n’iburengerazuba, aho uturere tugenda tuba intandaro y’iterambere ry’inganda.
Suzhou na Wujiang, imigi iyoboye intara ya Jiangsu. Mu gihugu hose, imijyi 16 yo ku rwego rwa perefegitura yonyine irata ibigo birenga 100 bikorera mu rwego rwo gutunganya isuku. Akarere ka Wujiang muri Suzhou kayoboye inzira hamwe n’amasosiyete agera kuri 600, arenze kure indi mijyi yose. Byongeye kandi, umubare w’amasosiyete yo mu mijyi yo ku rwego rwa perefegitura mu ntara muri rusange urenze igipimo cy’intara. Ikigaragara ni uko umubare w’amasosiyete aherutse gushingwa mu myaka ibiri ishize nawo wariyongereye cyane ugereranije no mu tundi turere, aho abarenga kimwe cya kabiri bafite imari shingiro yishyuwe (ugereranije n’imijyi myinshi yo mu zindi ntara, aho usanga ibigo byinshi bishya bitararangira kwishyura).
Intara ya Guangdong, umuyobozi mu Bushinwa bwo mu majyepfo, ibona intege nke z’iterambere. Nkumuyobozi mubushinwa bwamajyepfo, Intara ya Guangdong ikomeje umwanya wa kabiri ukomeye murwego rwo gutunganya isuku. Nyamara, mu myaka yashize, yahuye n’ibibazo byo kongera ibigo bishya, biganisha ku iterambere ridindiza. Icyakora, Intara ya Guangdong yerekana urugero rwinshi rw’imiterere y’imiterere y’ubwubatsi bw’isuku. Guangdong, Shenzhen, na Zhuhai ntibibamo gusa umutungo munini w’imishinga ifitanye isano n’intara, ariko kandi biza no kuza mu mijyi itanu ya mbere mu gihugu.
Intara ya Shandong: Ikwirakwijwe cyane, Nini Mubunini ariko idafite imbaraga. Bitandukanye cyane na Jiangsu na Guangdong, urwego rw’ubwubatsi bw’isuku mu Ntara ya Shandong rugaragaza urwego rwo hejuru. Ndetse no mu mijyi ikomeye ya politiki n'ubukungu nka Jinan na Qingdao, urwego rwo kwibandaho ntiruri hejuru cyane ugereranije no mu mijyi minini yo mu zindi ntara. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ukurikije umubare rusange, Shandong aracyari mubatatu ba mbere mugihugu. Nyamara, iki kintu "kinini ariko kidakomeye" kigaragarira no kubura imishinga iyoboye. Icyakora, bishimishije, umubare w’ibigo bishya byashinzwe mu Ntara ya Shandong byarenze iby'Intara ya Guangdong mu myaka yashize, byerekana imbaraga zikomeye zo kuzamuka.
Incamake
Turateganya ibintu byinshi byingenzi byiterambere byamasosiyete yubukorikori bwo murugo. Ubwa mbere, iterambere muri rusange rizagenda gahoro, kandi kugabanuka kugabanije bishobora gutuma igabanuka ryumubare wibigo bishya. Icya kabiri, kwibanda ku nganda hamwe n’ingaruka z’umutwe bizagenda bigaragara cyane, byihutishe kurandura imishinga ikiri inyuma mu gihe inganda ziyobora zifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibanze ziteganijwe gufata umugabane munini ku isoko. Hanyuma, biteganijwe ko hazavuka ibigo byo mumijyi imwe n'imwe yo mu gihugu imbere, cyane cyane mu murwa mukuru w'intara, aho inyenyeri zizamuka, zifite imbaraga zihagije zo guhangana n’amasosiyete akomeye mu "masoko yo kweza" nka Jiangsu na Guangzhou. Izi mpinduka ntizerekana gusa ivugurura ryimbitse ryinganda ahubwo binagaragaza amahirwe mashya nibibazo byakarere hamwe namasosiyete atandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-19-2025