Nkuko twese tubizi, icyumba gisukuyemo imiti gifite ibisabwa cyane mu isuku n'umutekano. Iyo hari ivumbi mu cyumba gisukuyemo imiti, bizatera umwanda, kwangirika k'ubuzima ndetse n'ingaruka zo guturika. Kubwibyo, gukoresha filters za hepa ni ngombwa cyane. Ni izihe ngamba zo gukoresha filters za hepa, igihe cyo gusimbuza, ibipimo byo gusimbuza n'ibimenyetso? Ni gute icyumba gisukuyemo imiti gifite ibisabwa mu isuku cyane cyahitamo filters za hepa?
Mu cyumba gisukuye cya farumasi, hepa filters zikoreshwa nk'imashini ziyungurura umwuka mu buryo bwo kuvura no kuyungurura umwuka mu myanya ikorerwamo. Gukora hepa filters bisaba gukoresha hepa filters ku buryo butegetswe, kandi rimwe na rimwe hakoreshwa imiterere ikomeye n'iyoroheje. Ibyumba bisukuye bya farumasi bitandukanye n'ibindi byumba bisukuye by'inganda. Itandukaniro ni uko iyo hakozwe ibikoresho n'ibikoresho fatizo bidafite aside, ntabwo ari uduce duto two mu kirere gusa tugomba kugenzurwa, ahubwo n'umubare wa mikorobe ugomba kugenzurwa. Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka mu ruganda rukora farumasi ifite uburyo bwo gukaraba, gukaraba, kwica udukoko n'ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura mikorobe mu rwego rw'amategeko abigenga. Akayunguruzo k'umwuka gakoresha ibikoresho biyungurura umwuka kugira ngo gafate umukungugu uva mu mwuka, gusukura umwuka, no gusukura umwuka w'umukungugu no kohereza mu cyumba kugira ngo umwuka ube mwiza mu cyumba gisukuye. Ku byumba bisukuye bya farumasi bifite ibisabwa byinshi, hepa filters zisukuye za gel zikoreshwa mu kuyungurura. Akayunguruzo ka hepa gel filter gakoreshwa cyane cyane mu gufata uduce turi munsi ya 0.3μm. Ifite uburyo bwo gufunga neza, ikora neza cyane mu kuyungurura, idashobora gutemba neza, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kugira ngo igabanye ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bizakoreshwa nyuma, itanga umwuka mwiza wo gusukura aho bakorera amasosiyete acuruza imiti. Muri rusange, ibyuma bya hepa bipimwa amazi mbere yo kuva mu ruganda, ariko abatari abanyamwuga bagomba kwitondera cyane mu gihe cyo kubikoresha no kubishyiraho. Hari igihe imyanda iva mu gitereko ijya mu cyumba gisukuye bitewe no kuyishyiraho nabi, bityo kumenya amazi aturuka mu gitereko akenshi bikorwa nyuma yo kuyishyiraho kugira ngo hemezwe niba ibikoresho bya filter byangiritse; niba agasanduku karimo kuva; niba filter yashyizweho neza. Hagomba kandi gukorwa igenzura rihoraho mu nyuma kugira ngo harebwe ko filter ikora neza ihuye n'ibisabwa mu gukora. Ibikorwa bikunze gukoreshwa birimo ibyuma bya hepa bito, ibyuma bya hepa binini, ibyuma bya hepa bifunga gel, nibindi, bigeraho intego yo gusukura binyuze mu kuyungurura umwuka no gutemba kugira ngo biyungurure uduce tw'umukungugu mu kirere. Umutwaro w'icyuma (urwego) n'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko wo hejuru n'uwo hasi nabyo ni ingenzi. Iyo itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko w'amazi uturutse hejuru n'uturutse hasi ryiyongereye, ingufu zikenerwa mu buryo bw'umwuka n'umwuka usohoka ziyongera, bityo bigatuma habaho impinduka zikenewe mu mwuka. Itandukaniro nk'iryo ry'umuvuduko hagati y'umwuka uturutse hejuru n'uturutse hasi w'amazi rishobora kongera ubushobozi bw'imikorere y'umwuka. Mu gihe cyo kuwukoresha, kugira ngo ukingire akayunguruzo ka hepa, hagomba gukoreshwa akayunguruzo k'imbere - akenshi kagizwe n'akayunguruzo gato nka F5, F7 na F9 (EN779). Akayunguruzo ka hepa kagomba kandi gusimburwa buri gihe kugira ngo karinde akayunguruzo ka hepa kuziba.
Byaba ari akayunguruzo ka hepa gashyizwe ku mpera y'icyuma gikonjesha cyangwa akayunguruzo k'umwuka ka hepa gashyizwe ku gasanduku ka hepa, ibi bigomba kuba bifite inyandiko z'igihe cyo gukora neza n'isuku n'ingano y'umwuka nk'ishingiro ryo gusimbuza. Urugero, mu gihe gisanzwe gikoreshwa, ubuzima bwa kayunguruzo ka hepa bushobora kuba burenga umwaka umwe. Niba uburinzi bw'imbere ari bwiza, ubuzima bwa kayunguruzo ka hepa bushobora kuba burenga imyaka ibiri nta kibazo. Birumvikana ko ibi biterwa kandi n'ubwiza bwa kayunguruzo k'umwuka ka hepa, cyangwa ndetse n'igihe kirekire. Akayunguruzo ka hepa gashyizwe mu bikoresho by'icyumba gisukuye, nk'akayunguruzo ka hepa mu cyumba cyo kwiyuhagiriramo umwuka, gashobora kugira ubuzima burenga imyaka ibiri niba kayunguruzo k'ibanze k'imbere gakingiwe neza; urugero, akayunguruzo ka hepa kari ku ntebe yo gukoreramo gashobora gusimburwa n'igipimo cy'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko ku ntebe yo gukoreramo yo gusukura. Akayunguruzo ka hepa kari ku nzu isukuye gashobora kugena igihe cyiza cyo gusimbuza akayunguruzo k'umwuka hamenyekanye umuvuduko w'umuyaga wa kayunguruzo k'umwuka ka hepa. Urugero, ibyuma biyungurura umwuka bya hepa biri ku gice cy’urufunguzo rwa feni cya FFU bishobora gusimburwa n’amabwiriza ari muri sisitemu yo kugenzura PLC cyangwa igipimo cy’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko. Ibisabwa gusimbuza ibyuma biyungurura umwuka bya hepa mu nganda zikora imiti biteganywa mu buryo bw’imiterere y’icyumba gisukuye ni ibi bikurikira: umuvuduko w’umwuka ugabanuka kugeza ku rugero ntarengwa, muri rusange uri munsi ya 0.35m/s; imbaraga ziyongera inshuro 2 z’agaciro k’imbaraga ziyongera, kandi muri rusange zishyirwa ku nshuro 1.5 n’ibigo; iyo habayeho gutakaza amazi bidasanwa, aho gusana ntihagomba kurenza amanota 3, kandi ahantu hose ho gusana ntihagomba kurenza 3%. Ku gice kimwe cyo gusana, ntibigomba kurenza cm 2. Bamwe mu bahanga bacu b’inararibonye mu gushyiraho ibyuma biyungurura umwuka batanze uburambe bw’ingirakamaro. Aha twifuza kwerekana ibyuma biyungurura umwuka bya hepa ku nganda zikora imiti. Twizeye ko ibi bizagufasha gusobanukirwa igihe cyiza cyo gusimbuza ibyuma biyungurura umwuka neza. Mu gice gikonjesha umwuka, iyo igipimo cy’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko kigaragaza ko imbaraga ziyongera ziyongera inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3 z’imbaraga ziyongera, icyuma giyungurura umwuka kigomba gukomeza gukoreshwa cyangwa gusimburwa. Mu gihe nta gipimo cy’umuvuduko gihari, ushobora gukoresha uburyo bukurikira bworoshye bw’imibiri ibiri kugira ngo umenye niba gikwiye gusimburwa: reba ibara ry’ibikoresho by’urufunguzo ku mpande zo hejuru n’izo hasi z’umuyaga wa filter y’umwuka. Niba ibara ry’ibikoresho by’urufunguzo ku ruhushya rw’umwuka ritangiye guhinduka umukara, ugomba kwitegura kurusimbuza; kora ku bikoresho by’urufunguzo ku ruhande rw’urufunguzo rw’umwuka n’ukuboko kwawe. Niba hari ivumbi ryinshi ku kuboko kwawe, ugomba kwitegura kurusimbuza; andika uko filter y’umwuka ihagaze inshuro nyinshi kandi uvuge muri make uruziga rwiza rwo gusimbuza; niba itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko hagati y’icyumba gisukuye n’icyumba cyegeranye rigabanuka cyane mbere yuko filter y’umwuka ya hepa igera ku budahangarwa bwa nyuma, birashoboka ko budahangarwa bw’ibikoresho by’ibanze n’iby’inyongera ari bwinshi cyane, kandi ugomba kwitegura kurusimbuza; niba isuku mu cyumba gisukuye itujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo, cyangwa hari umuvuduko mubi, kandi filter y’umwuka y’ibanze n’iy’inyongera itaragera ku gihe cyo gusimbuza, birashoboka ko filter y’umwuka ya hepa ari nini cyane, kandi ugomba kwitegura kuyisimbuza.
Mu gihe gikoreshwa bisanzwe, akayunguruzo ka hepa gasimburwa rimwe mu mwaka 1 kugeza kuri 2 (bitewe n'ubwiza bw'umwuka mu turere dutandukanye), kandi aya makuru aratandukanye cyane. Amakuru y'ubuhanga ashobora kuboneka gusa mu mushinga runaka nyuma yo kugenzura imikorere y'icyumba gisukuye, kandi amakuru y'ubuhanga akwiriye icyumba gisukuye ashobora gutangwa gusa ku cyumba gisukuye cy'umwuka. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'akayunguruzo ka hepa:
1. Ibintu byo hanze:
1. Ibidukikije byo hanze. Iyo hari umuhanda munini cyangwa umuhanda uri hanze y'icyumba gisukuye, haba hari ivumbi ryinshi, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa rya hepa filter kandi ubuzima buzagabanuka cyane. (Kubera iyo mpamvu, guhitamo aho hantu ni ingenzi cyane)
2. Impera z'imbere n'izo hagati z'umuyoboro w'umwuka zikunze kuba zifite filters z'ibanze n'iziciriritse ku mpera z'imbere n'izo hagati z'umuyoboro w'umwuka. Intego ni ukurinda no gukoresha neza filter ya hepa, kugabanya umubare w'izisimbura, no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'amafaranga. Iyo filter y'imbere idakozwe neza, igihe cyo gukora cya filter ya hepa nacyo kizagabanuka. Iyo filters z'ibanze n'iziciriritse zikuweho, igihe cyo gukoresha filter ya hepa kizagabanuka cyane.
2. Ibintu by'imbere: Nkuko twese tubizi, agace gasukura neza ka hepa filter, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwayo bwo gufata ivumbi, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ikoreshwa rya hepa filter. Ikoreshwa ryayo ringana n'agace gasukura neza. Uko agace gasukura neza kaba kanini, niko gatuma idakora neza kandi igihe cyo kuyikoresha kiba gito. Ni byiza kwita cyane ku gace gasukura neza kayo no kudakora neza mu gihe uhitamo hepa air filter. Guhindagurika kwa hepa filter ni ngombwa. Niba igomba gusimburwa bigomba gupimwa no gupimwa aho iherereye. Iyo igihe cyo kuyisimbura kimaze kugerwaho, igomba kugenzurwa no gusimburwa. Kubwibyo, agaciro k'ubuzima bwa filter ntigashobora kwagurwa uko byakabaye. Niba imiterere ya sisitemu idakwiye, uburyo bwo kuvura umwuka mwiza butahari, kandi gahunda yo kugenzura ivumbi ryo mu cyumba gisukuye idahuje na siyansi, igihe cyo gukora cya hepa filter kizaba gito, kandi bimwe bizagomba gusimburwa mu gihe kitarenze umwaka. Ibizamini bifitanye isano:
1. Gukurikirana itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko: Iyo itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mbere na nyuma y'aho akayunguruzo kageze ku gaciro kagenwe, akenshi bigaragaza ko gakeneye gusimbuzwa;
2. Igihe cyo gukora: Reba igihe cyo gukora cy’akayunguruzo cyagenwe, ariko nanone urebe hamwe n’uko ibintu bimeze koko;
3. Guhindura isuku: Iyo isuku y'umwuka mu cyumba gisukuye igabanutse cyane, birashoboka ko imikorere ya filter yagabanutse bityo bikaba ngombwa gutekereza ku gusimbuza;
4. Gusuzuma neza: Fata icyemezo cyuzuye ukurikije uko wakoresheje mbere ndetse no kureba uko icyuma gikoreshwa;
5. Reba ibyangiritse ku mubiri by’aho ibintu biherereye, ibizinga cyangwa amabara yangiritse, icyuho cya gasket n’ihinduka ry’ibara cyangwa kwangirika kw’umuyoboro n’ikirahure;
6. Kungura ikizamini cy’ubuziranenge, ikizamini cyo gusohora amazi ukoresheje agakoresho ko gupima ivumbi, hanyuma wandike ibisubizo uko bikenewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-26-2025