Igishushanyo mbonera cy’uburyo bwo kuzimya inkongi mu cyumba gisukuye kigomba kwita ku bisabwa n’amategeko agenga ibidukikije bisukuye n’umutekano w’inkongi. Hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane mu gukumira umwanda no kwirinda ko umwuka uva mu kirere, ariko kandi hagafatwa ingamba zihuse kandi zinoze zo guhangana n’inkongi.
1. Guhitamo uburyo bwo kuzimya inkongi
Sisitemu zo kuzimya umuriro zikoresha gazi
HFC-227ea: ikoreshwa cyane, ntitwara amazi, nta bisigazwa by'amazi, ntiyorohereza ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ariko igomba kwitabwaho kugira ngo umwuka utagira umwuka uhumeke (ibyumba bisukuye bidafite ivumbi akenshi biba bifunze neza).
IG-541 (gaze idakora): ntingiza ibidukikije kandi ntigira uburozi, ariko isaba ahantu hanini ho kubika.
Sisitemu ya CO₂: ikoreshwa witonze, ishobora kwangiza abakozi, kandi ikwiriye gusa ahantu hatagenzurwa.
Ibintu bifatika: ibyumba by'amashanyarazi, ahantu ho gukoresha ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, aho amakuru aturuka n'ahandi hantu hatinya amazi n'umwanda.
Sisitemu yo gutera amazi mu buryo bwikora
Sisitemu yo gusukura amazi mbere yo gukora: umuyoboro ukunze kuba wuzuyemo gaze, kandi mu gihe habayeho inkongi, ubanza kurangira hanyuma ukanyuzwamo amazi kugira ngo wirinde gusukura amazi no kuyahumanya ikirere ku buryo butunguranye (ni byiza ku byumba bisukuye).
Irinde gukoresha uburyo bwo gutose: umuyoboro wuzuyemo amazi igihe kirekire, kandi ibyago byo gusohoka biba byinshi.
Guhitamo utuzubu: ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga, birinda ivumbi kandi birwanya ingese, bifunze kandi birinzwe nyuma yo gushyirwaho.
Sisitemu y'amazi ashyushye cyane
Kuzimya amazi no kuzimya umuriro neza, bishobora kugabanya umwotsi n'ivumbi mu gace utuyemo, ariko ingaruka ku isuku zigomba kugenzurwa.
Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro
Ishobora kwimurwa: Ikizimyamwoto cya CO₂ cyangwa ifu yumye (gishyirwa mu cyumba gifungira umwuka cyangwa mu nzira kugira ngo hirindwe ko cyakwinjirira ahantu hasukuye).
Agasanduku k'ibizimyamwoto gashyirwamo: gabanya imiterere isohoka kugira ngo wirinde ivumbi ryiyongera.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhangana n'ibidukikije kidafunze
Gufunga imiyoboro n'ibikoresho
Imiyoboro y'amazi irinda inkongi igomba gufungwa n'imashini ya epoxy resin cyangwa amaboko y'icyuma kidashonga ku rukuta kugira ngo hirindwe ko uduce duto twava.
Nyuma yo gushyiraho, ibikoresho byo gusukura, ibikoresho byo gupima umwotsi, nibindi bigomba kurindwa by'agateganyo n'ibipfundikizo by'umukungugu hanyuma bigakurwaho mbere yo gukora.
Ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso
Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidasembuye cyangwa icyuma gikozwe mu mabati iratoranywa, ifite ubuso bworoshye kandi bworoshye gusukura kugira ngo hirindwe ivumbi.
Valve, amasanduku, nibindi bigomba gukorwa mu bikoresho bidashonga kandi birwanya ingese.
Guhuza imikorere y'ikirere
Aho utwuma dupima umwotsi n'iminwa biherereye bigomba kwirinda agasanduku ka hepa kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka unyura mu buryo butaringaniye.
Hagomba kubaho gahunda yo guhumeka umwuka uva mu kirere nyuma yo kurekurwa kwa gazi kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyuka ihagarara.
3. Sisitemu yo gutanga amakuru ku nkongi y'umuriro
Ubwoko bw'icyuma gipima
Ipima umwuka uturuka mu kirere (ASD): Ipima umwuka unyuze mu miyoboro, ifite ubushobozi bwo kumva umwotsi mwinshi, kandi ikwiriye ahantu hafite umwuka mwinshi.
Uburyo bwo gupima umwotsi/ubushyuhe: Ni ngombwa guhitamo icyitegererezo cyihariye cy’ibyumba bisukuye, kidapfa kuvumbirwa n’umukungugu kandi kidapfa guhindagurika.
Igikoresho cyo gupima umuriro: Kirakwiriye ahantu hashobora gushya amazi cyangwa gaze (nk'aho ububiko bw'imiti).
Ihuza ry'inyongeza
Ikimenyetso cy'umuriro kigomba guhuzwa kugira ngo kizimye sisitemu y'umwuka mwiza (kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwotsi ukwirakwira), ariko imikorere y'imyotsi igomba kugumaho.
Mbere yo gutangiza sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro, icyuma gifunga umuriro kigomba gufungwa mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko umuriro uhagije.
4. Gukingira umwotsi no gushushanya imyuka isohora umwotsi
Sisitemu yo gusohora umwotsi ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga
Aho umwotsi uturuka hagomba kwirindwa igice cy’ibanze cy’aho hantu hasukuye kugira ngo hagabanywe umwanda.
Umuyoboro w'imyotsi usohora umwotsi ugomba kuba ufite icyuma gikingira umuriro (gihuzwa kandi kigafungwa kuri 70°C), kandi ibikoresho byo gukingira urukuta byo hanze ntibigomba gutanga ivumbi.
Kugenzura neza igitutu
Mu gihe uzimya umuriro, zimya umwuka utanga, ariko ukomeze kugira igitutu gito mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi kugira ngo wirinde ko imyanda yo hanze yakwinjira.
5. Ibisobanuro n'ukwemerwa
Amahame ngenderwaho y'ingenzi
Ibisobanuro by'Abashinwa: GB 50073 "Ibisobanuro by'igishushanyo mbonera cy'icyumba cyo gusukura", GB 50016 "Ibisobanuro by'imiterere y'inyubako ku kurinda inkongi", GB 50222 "Ibisobanuro by'imiterere y'imbere mu nyubako ku kurinda inkongi".
Ibisobanuro mpuzamahanga: NFPA 75 (Uburinzi bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga), ISO 14644 (Icyitegererezo cy'icyumba gisukuye).
Ingingo zo kwemererwa
Ikizamini cy'ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro (nk'ikizamini cya heptafluoropropane spray).
Ikizamini cyo gusohora amazi (kugira ngo harebwe ko imiyoboro/inyubako zifunze neza).
Ikizamini cyo guhuza (intabaza, guhagarika icyuma gikonjesha, gutangira umwotsi usohoka, nibindi).
6. Amabwiriza yo kwirinda ku bibazo byihariye
Icyumba gisukuye gishingiye ku binyabuzima: irinde gukoresha ibikoresho byo kuzimya inkongi bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho bya binyabuzima (nk'ifu imwe n'imwe yumye).
Icyumba gisukuye hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga: shyira imbere uburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro budakoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi.
Ahantu hatagwa ibisasu: hamwe n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bitagwa ibisasu, ibyuma bipima bitagwa ibisasu byatoranijwe.
Incamake n'ibyifuzo
Uburinzi bw'inkongi mu byumba bisukuye busaba "kuzimya umuriro neza + kugabanya umwanda". Ihuriro ry'inyongera risabwa:
Igice cy'ibikoresho by'ingenzi: Kuzimya umuriro wa gaze ya HFC-227ea + kumenya umwotsi uhumeka.
Agace rusange: agakoresho ko gutobora mbere yo gukora + agakoresho ko gupima umwotsi mu bwoko bwa point-type.
Inzira/aho basohokera: kizimyamwoto + umwotsi uturuka mu buryo bwa mashini.
Mu gihe cy'ubwubatsi, hakenewe ubufatanye bwa hafi n'abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga n'imitako kugira ngo habeho isano iri hagati y'ibikoresho birinda inkongi n'ibikenewe kugira ngo habeho isuku.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2025