Intego yo gusukura no kwica udukoko ni ukureba ko icyumba cy’isuku cyujuje urwego rw’isuku rusabwa na mikorobe mu gihe gikwiye. Kubwibyo, gusukura no kwica udukoko mu cyumba cy’isuku ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu kurwanya ubwandu. Intambwe umunani z'ingenzi zikurikizwa mu gusukura no kwica udukoko kugira ngo icyumba cy’isuku kibe "isuku".
1. Gusobanukirwa neza isuku no kwica udukoko
Gusukura no kwica udukoko ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye, rimwe na rimwe bikaba bivangavanze. Gusukura, ahanini, bisaba gukoresha isabune kandi bigomba gukorwa mbere yo kwica udukoko. Ibikoresho byo gusukura ubuso, bigakuraho "amavuta" yo hejuru (nk'umukungugu n'amavuta). Gukuraho amavuta ni intambwe y'ingenzi mbere yo kwica udukoko, kuko uko amavuta yo hejuru aguma ari menshi, ni ko kwica udukoko bitazagira ingaruka nziza.
Muri rusange, amavuta yo gusukura yinjira mu mavuta, akagabanya imbaraga z'ubuso bwayo (amavuta aguma ku buso) kugira ngo ayikuremo (mu buryo bwagutse, amasabune yongera imbaraga zo gusukura amazi).
Gukuraho indwara bikubiyemo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana, bishobora kwica ubwoko bwinshi bw'udukoko duto (imiti imwe na imwe ivura indwara zo mu bwoko bwa sporicides).
2. Guhitamo imiti isukura neza n'imiti yica udukoko ikwiriye
Guhitamo imiti isukura neza n'imiti yica udukoko ni ingenzi cyane. Abashinzwe isuku bagomba kugenzura ko imiti isukura n'imiti yica udukoko ikora neza kandi bagahitamo imiti isukura n'imiti isukura ikwiye kuri buri bwoko bw'isukura. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko imiti imwe n'imwe isukura n'imiti yica udukoko idashobora kuvangwa.
Mu guhitamo umuti wo gusukura, ingingo zikurikira ni ingenzi:
a) Igikoresho cyo gusukura kigomba kuba kidafite aho gihuriye n'amazi kandi kidafite aho gihuriye n'amazi.
b) Igikoresho cyo gusukura kigomba kuba kidafuro.
c) Umuti wo gusukura ugomba kuba uhuye n'umuti wica udukoko (ni ukuvuga ko umuti wo gusukura usigaye utagomba kwangiza imikorere y'umuti wica udukoko).
Mu guhitamo umuti wica udukoko, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitabwaho:
a) Kugira ngo huzuzwe amabwiriza ya GMP, imiti ibiri yica udukoko igomba guhindurwa. Nubwo inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zisaba ko hakoreshwa imiti ibiri itandukanye yica udukoko, mu rwego rwa siyansi, ibi si ngombwa. Kugira ngo hakemurwe iki kibazo, hagomba gutoranywa imiti ibiri yica udukoko ifite ubushobozi butandukanye. Ni byiza guhitamo umuti umwe wica udukoko twa bagiteri.
b) Umuti wica udukoko ugomba kugira imikorere myinshi, bivuze ko wica neza ubwoko bwinshi bw'udukoko tw’ibimera, harimo bagiteri za garama-negative na garama-positive.
c) Byaba byiza, umuti wica udukoko ugomba gukora vuba. Umuvuduko wo kwica udukoko uterwa n'igihe gisabwa kugira ngo umuti wica udukoko twinshi. Iki gihe cyo gukora ni igihe ubuso bwakoreshejweho umuti wica udukoko bugomba kuguma butose.
d) Ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima n’ibisigazwa by’isabune ntibigomba kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umuti wica udukoko.
e) Ku byumba byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo gusukura (urugero, ISO 14644 Class 5 na 7), imiti yica udukoko igomba kuba idahumanye cyangwa isukurwa n'abakora mu byumba byo gusukura.
f) Umuti wica udukoko ugomba kuba ukwiriye gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe bw'aho isuku ikorera. Niba isuku ari icyumba gikonjeshwa, umuti wica udukoko ugomba kugenzurwa niba ukora neza kuri ubwo bushyuhe.
g) Umuti wica udukoko ntugomba kwangiza ibikoresho birimo gusukurwa. Niba bishoboka ko byangirika, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kubikumira. Imiti myinshi yica udukoko twa bagiteri irimo chlorine, ishobora kwangiza ibikoresho nk'icyuma kidashonga mu gihe ibisigazwa bidakuweho vuba nyuma yo gukoreshwa.
h) Umuti wica udukoko ugomba kuba udafite ingaruka ku bakoresha kandi ugakurikiza amabwiriza y’ubuzima n’umutekano byo mu gace utuyemo.
i) Umuti wica udukoko ugomba kuba uhendutse, woroshye kuwuvanga, kandi uboneka mu bikoresho bikwiye, nk'amacupa yo gusukura mu ntoki. 3. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti yica udukoko
Imiti yica udukoko iza mu bwoko butandukanye, ikwiriye uburyo butandukanye bwo kwica udukoko kandi igaragaza ubushobozi butandukanye mu kurwanya udukoko. Imiti yica udukoko ishobora gukora ku tunyangingo duto mu buryo butandukanye, harimo no kwibasira urukuta rw'utunyangingo, igice cy'urukiramende (aho fosfolipide na enzymes bitanga intego zitandukanye zo mu igogora), cyangwa cytoplasm. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubu bwoko bw'imiti yica udukoko ni ingenzi cyane mu guhitamo hagati y'imiti yica udukoko n'imiti idaca udukoko (gutandukanya imiti idaca udukoko n'imiti igabanya udukoko).
Imiti yica udukoko idahumanya irimo alcool, aldehydes, amphoteric surfactants, biguanides, phenols, na quaternary ammonium compounds. Imiti yica udukoko ikubiyemo halogens na oxidizing agents nka aside peracetic na chlorine dioxide.
4. Kwemeza imiti yica udukoko
Kwemeza bikubiyemo gupima muri laboratwari hakoreshejwe amabwiriza ya AOAC (Amerika) cyangwa ay’i Burayi. Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bishobora gukorwa n’uruganda rukora imiti yica udukoko, mu gihe ibindi bigomba gukorerwa mu rugo. Kwemeza imiti yica udukoko bikubiyemo gupima imiti yica udukoko mu buryo butandukanye (nk’udukoresho two guhagarika udukoko), gupima ubuso butandukanye, no gupima ubushobozi bwo kwica udukoko dutandukanye, harimo n’udukoko twakuwe mu kigo.
5. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imiti yica udukoko
Mu by’ukuri, hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’imiti yica udukoko. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikorwa byo kwica udukoko bigerweho. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’imiti yica udukoko birimo:
a) Gushyiramo imbaraga: Guhitamo uburyo bwo gushyiramo imbaraga ni byo bituma habaho ubwiyongere bw’ubwicanyi bwa mikorobe. Igitekerezo cy’uko ubwiyongere bw’imiti yica mikorobe nyinshi ni umugani, kuko imiti yica imikorobe igira akamaro gusa iyo ishyizemo imbaraga ikwiye.
b) Igihe: Igihe cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ni ingenzi cyane. Hakenewe igihe gihagije kugira ngo umuti wica udukoko wifatanye na mikorobe, winjire mu nkuta z'uturemangingo, kandi ugere aho wagenewe.
c) Umubare n'ubwoko bwa mikorobe. Imiti yica udukoko ntigira ingaruka nziza ku miterere imwe n'imwe y'udukoko. Urugero, iyo itsinda rinini ry'udukoko twigenga twishyize hamwe, imiti yica udukoko idafite ubushobozi bwo kwica udukoko twa bagiteri ntacyo izageraho. d) Ubushyuhe na pH: Buri muti wica udukoko ufite pH n'ubushyuhe bwiza kugira ngo ugire ingaruka nziza. Niba ubushyuhe na pH biri hanze y'iyi miterere, ubushobozi bwa muti wica udukoko buzagabanuka.
6. Ibikoresho byo gusukura
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusukura no gusukura bigomba kuba bikwiriye kandi bishobora gukoresha neza urwego rwo hasi rwa buri sabune n'imiti yica udukoko. Imiti isukura n'imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa hasi, ku buso bw'ibikoresho, no ku nkuta mu bice bikorerwamo ibikoresho bidafite imiti igomba kuba ifite icyemezo cy'icyumba gisukuye kandi idafite uduce duto (urugero: imyenda idafunze, ubwoya budafite irangi).
7. Uburyo bwo gusukura
Uburyo bwo gusukura no kwica udukoko ni ingenzi cyane. Iyo isabune n'imiti yica udukoko bidakoreshejwe neza, ntabwo bizasukura neza ubuso. Imiti yica udukoko ntishobora kwinjira mu buso bw'amavuta, bigatuma habaho ubwandu bwinshi bwa mikorobe mu kigo. Hagomba kubaho uburyo bwo gusukura no kwica udukoko, nko:
Kuraho umukungugu n'imyanda (niba bishoboka); Hanagura ukoresheje umuti wa sabune kugira ngo isabune yume; Hanagura ukoresheje umuti wa sabune kugira ngo ahantu hahurira hagume hatose kandi hagumane igihe cyo guhura; Hanagura n'amazi yo gutera cyangwa 70% IPA (isopropyl alcohol) kugira ngo ukureho ibisigazwa byose bya sabune.
8. Gukurikirana uburyo isuku n'imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura no kwica udukoko
Ingufu zo gusukura no kwica udukoko zisuzumwa ahanini binyuze mu bisubizo byo kugenzura ibidukikije mu cyumba cy’isuku. Iri suzuma rikorwa hakoreshejwe ingero z’ibipimo ku mikorobe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gukoraho n’udupfundikizo. Niba ibisubizo bitajyanye n’imipaka yagenwe cyangwa amahame y’igenzura ry’imbere mu kigo, hashobora kubaho ibibazo ku bikoresho byo gusukura no kwica udukoko, inshuro zo gusukura, cyangwa uburyo bwo gusukura. Ku rundi ruhande, niba ibisubizo byujuje ibisabwa, abayobozi b’icyumba cy’isuku bashobora kwemeza neza ko icyumba cy’isuku ari "isuku koko".
Incamake
Ibi byavuzwe haruguru bikubiyemo intambwe umunani zo kubungabunga isuku y’icyumba cy’isuku hakoreshejwe imiti isukura no kwica udukoko. Ni byiza ko izi ntambwe zihuzwa n’imikorere isanzwe (SOPs) kandi ko hatangwa amahugurwa ku bakoresha n’abakozi bashinzwe imicungire. Iyo ikigo kimaze kwemezwa kandi kikagenzurwa, icy’ingenzi ni ugukoresha uburyo cyangwa tekiniki bikwiye, imiti isukura n’imiti isukura, no gusukura no kwica udukoko buri gihe mu bihe byagenwe. Muri ubwo buryo, icyumba cy’isuku gishobora kuguma gisukuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 13-2025