Intego yo gukora isuku no kuyanduza ni ukureba niba ubwiherero bwujuje urwego rusabwa kugira isuku ya mikorobe mugihe gikwiye. Kubwibyo, gusukura ubwiherero no kwanduza ni ibintu byingenzi bigamije kurwanya umwanda. Ibikurikira nintambwe umunani zingenzi zigira uruhare mugusukura no kwanduza indwara kugirango isuku "isuku."
1. Gusobanukirwa neza isuku no kwanduza
Isuku no kwanduza ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye, rimwe na rimwe bitiranya. Isuku, cyane cyane, ikubiyemo gukoresha ibikoresho byogajuru kandi bigomba gukorwa mbere yo kwanduza. Imyanda isukura hejuru, ikuraho hejuru "amavuta" (nk'umukungugu n'amavuta). Gutesha agaciro ni intambwe yingenzi mbere yo kwanduza, kuko uko amavuta yo hejuru agumye, niko kwandura bizagenda neza.
Imiyoboro isanzwe yinjira mumavuta, igabanya imbaraga zubuso bwayo (amavuta yiziritse hejuru) kugirango igerweho (tuvuze hafi, ibikoresho byongera imbaraga zogusukura amazi).
Kwanduza indwara birimo kwanduza imiti, bishobora kwica umubare munini wibimera bikomoka ku bimera (bimwe na bimwe byangiza na sporicide).
2. Guhitamo isuku ikwiye kandi yangiza
Guhitamo isuku ikwiye hamwe na disinfectant ni ngombwa. Abashinzwe isuku bagomba kwemeza neza ibikoresho byogusukura hamwe nudukoko twangiza kandi bagahitamo ibikoresho byogusukura hamwe nudukoko twangiza kuri buri bwoko bwisuku. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibintu bimwe na bimwe byogusukura hamwe na disinfectant bidashobora kuvangwa.
Iyo uhisemo umukozi ushinzwe isuku, ingingo zikurikira ni ngombwa:
a) Umukozi ushinzwe isuku agomba kutagira aho abogamiye kandi atari ionic.
b) Umukozi ushinzwe isuku agomba kuba adafite ifuro.
c) Umukozi ushinzwe isuku agomba guhuzwa na disinfectant (ni ukuvuga, ibikoresho bisukura bisigaye ntibigomba kubangamira imikorere yica udukoko).
Mugihe uhitamo imiti yica udukoko, ingingo zikurikira zigomba gutekerezwa:
a) Kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza ya GMP, imiti yica udukoko twombi igomba kuzunguruka. Nubwo inzego zishinzwe kugenzura amategeko zisaba gukoresha imiti yica udukoko dutandukanye, mu buhanga, ntabwo ari ngombwa. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, hagomba gutoranywa imiti yica udukoko tubiri. Nibyiza guhitamo imiti imwe yica udukoko twangiza.
b) Imiti yica udukoko igomba kugira ibikorwa byinshi, bivuze ko yica neza ubwoko butandukanye bwibimera bya mikorobe, harimo na bagiteri-mbi na bagiteri-nziza.
c) Byiza, disinfectant igomba kuba yihuta. Umuvuduko wo kwanduza indwara uterwa nigihe cyo guhura gisabwa kugirango imiti yica udukoko twice mikorobe. Iki gihe cyo guhura nuburebure bwigihe ubuso bwakoreshejwe bwangiza bugomba kuguma butose.
d) Ibisigazwa kama n’ibisigara byangiza ntibigomba kugira ingaruka kumikorere yica udukoko.
e) Ku bwiherero bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru (urugero, ISO 14644 Icyiciro cya 5 n'icya 7), imiti yica udukoko igomba kuba ingumba cyangwa yandujwe n'abakora isuku.
f) Imiti yica udukoko igomba kuba ikwiriye gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwubwiherero. Niba ubwiherero ari icyumba gikonjesha, imiti yica udukoko igomba kugenzurwa kugirango ikore neza kuri ubwo bushyuhe.
g) Imiti yica udukoko ntigomba kwangiza ibikoresho byanduye. Niba ibyangiritse bishoboka, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kubikumira. Imiti myinshi yica udukoko twica spore ya bagiteri irimo chlorine, ishobora kwangiza ibikoresho nkibyuma bitagira umwanda mugihe ibisigara bidakuweho vuba nyuma yo kubikoresha.
h) Imiti yica udukoko igomba kutagira ingaruka ku bakora kandi ikubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubuzima n’umutekano.
i) Imiti yica udukoko igomba kuba ifite ubukungu, yoroshye kuyungurura, kandi ikaboneka mubintu byabigenewe, nk'amacupa ya spray yafashwe n'intoki. 3. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwica udukoko
Imiti yica udukoko iza muburyo butandukanye, ikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwanduza no kwerekana uburyo butandukanye bwo kurwanya mikorobe. Imiti yica udukoko irashobora gukora kuri selile mikorobe muburyo butandukanye, harimo no kwibasira urukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima, membrane ya cytoplasmeque (aho fosifolipide na enzymes zitanga intego zitandukanye zo kurya), cyangwa cytoplazme. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bwimiti yica udukoko ni ngombwa cyane muguhitamo hagati yica spore nudukoko twica udukoko (gutandukanya imiti ya okiside na okiside).
Imiti yica udukoko twangiza harimo alcool, aldehydes, amphoteric surfactants, biguanide, fenol, hamwe na amonium ya quaternary. Oxidizing yica udukoko twangiza harimo halogene na okiside nka aside peracetike na dioxyde ya chlorine.
4. Kwemeza imiti yica udukoko
Kwemeza bikubiyemo kwipimisha muri laboratoire ukoresheje AOAC (Amerika) cyangwa Uburayi. Ibizamini bimwe birashobora gukorwa nuwabikora yangiza, mugihe ibindi bigomba gukorerwa murugo. Kwemeza kwanduza bikubiyemo kwipimisha imbogamizi, bikubiyemo gupima ibisubizo byangiza imiti itandukanye (nkuguhagarika), kugerageza ahantu hatandukanye, no kugerageza ingaruka ziterwa na mikorobe itandukanye, harimo na mikorobe yitaruye imbere yikigo.
5. Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumikorere yica udukoko
Mubikorwa, ibintu byinshi birashobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere yica udukoko. Gusobanukirwa nibi bintu ni ngombwa kugirango ibikorwa byangiza. Ibintu bigira ingaruka nziza kumiti irimo:
a) Kwishyira hamwe: Guhitamo kwibandaho nibyo byerekana ko mikorobe yica cyane. Igitekerezo kivuga ko kwanduza kwinshi kwica bagiteri nyinshi ni umugani, kubera ko imiti yica udukoko ikora neza gusa.
b) Igihe rimara: Igihe cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ni ngombwa. Igihe gihagije kirakenewe kugirango disinfectant ihuze na mikorobe, yinjira mu rukuta rw'utugari, kandi igere ku ntego yihariye.
c) Umubare nubwoko bwa mikorobe. Imiti yica udukoko ntishobora kurwanya mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zikomoka ku bimera. Kurugero, niba itsinda rinini rya mikorobe yigenga ya spores yegeranye, imiti yica udukoko idafite ubushobozi bwo kwica spore ya bagiteri ntacyo izaba ikora. d) Ubushyuhe na pH: Buri muti wica udukoko ufite pH nubushyuhe buringaniye kugirango bikore neza. Niba ubushyuhe na pH biri hanze yurwo rwego, imiti yica udukoko irashobora guhungabana.
6. Ibikoresho byoza
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kwanduza no gukora isuku bigomba kuba bikwiye kandi bigashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo buringaniye buke buke bwa buri kintu cyangiza kandi cyangiza. Isuku hamwe nudukoko twangiza bikoreshwa mu magorofa, hejuru y’ibikoresho, no ku nkuta ahakorerwa ibicuruzwa bitagira ingano bigomba kuba byemejwe n’isuku kandi bidafite ibice (urugero, imyenda idoda, ubwoya butagira lint).
7. Uburyo bwo kweza
Uburyo bwo kweza no kwanduza ni ngombwa. Niba imiti yica udukoko hamwe nudukoko twangiza bidakoreshejwe neza, ntibisukura neza hejuru. Imiti yica udukoko ntishobora kwinjira mu gice cyamavuta cyamavuta, biganisha kuri mikorobe yanduye murwego rwo hejuru. Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora isuku no kwanduza indwara bugomba kuba buhari, nka:
Kuraho umukungugu n'imyanda (niba bishoboka); Ihanagura hamwe nigisubizo cyo kumesa kugirango umenye ko icyuma cyumye; Ihanagura hamwe nigisubizo cyangiza kugirango ugumane isura kandi ugumane igihe cyo guhura; Ihanagura n'amazi yo guterwa cyangwa 70% IPA (inzoga ya isopropyl) kugirango ukureho ibisigazwa byangiza.
8. Gukurikirana imikorere yo gukora isuku no kuyanduza
Imikorere yo gukora isuku no kuyanduza isuzumwa cyane cyane binyuze mubisubizo byo kugenzura ibidukikije. Iri suzuma rikorwa no gutoranya hejuru ya mikorobe ikoresheje plaque na swabs. Niba ibisubizo bitari mubipimo byagenwe cyangwa ibigo bigenzura imbere mu gihugu, hashobora kubaho ibibazo bijyanye nogusukura no kwanduza, inshuro zogusukura, cyangwa uburyo bwo gukora isuku. Ku rundi ruhande, niba ibisubizo byujuje ubuziranenge, abayobozi b'isuku barashobora kuvuga bafite icyizere ko isuku "ifite isuku".
Incamake
Ibyavuzwe haruguru byerekana intambwe umunani zo kubungabunga isuku y’isuku ukoresheje ibikoresho byoza no kwanduza. Birasabwa ko izi ntambwe zinjizwa mubikorwa bisanzwe (SOP) kandi ko amahugurwa yahabwa abashinzwe abakozi n'abakozi bashinzwe kuyobora. Ikigo kimaze kwemezwa kandi kikaba kigenzurwa, icy'ingenzi ni ugukoresha uburyo cyangwa tekinike nziza, ibikoresho byogukora isuku hamwe na disinfectant, hamwe no gusukura no kwanduza ikigo ubudahwema mugihe cyagenwe. Ubu buryo, isuku irashobora kuguma isukuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-13-2025