ICYEMEZO CYIZA N'IGIKURIKIRA

Igitekerezo cy'isuku

Isuku: bivuga inzira yo gukuraho umwanda kugirango ubone isuku ikenewe.

Isuku yo mu kirere: igikorwa cyo kuvana umwanda mu kirere kugirango umwuka ugire isuku.

Ibice: ibintu bikomeye kandi byamazi bifite ubunini rusange bwa 0.001 kugeza 1000 mm.

Ibice byahagaritswe: ibice bikomeye kandi byamazi bifite ubunini buringaniye bwa 0.1 kugeza kuri 5 mm mukirere gikoreshwa mubyiciro byogusukura ikirere.

Ikizamini gihamye: ikizamini cyakozwe mugihe sisitemu yo guhumeka isuku ikora mubisanzwe, ibikoresho byo gutunganya byarashyizweho, kandi nta bakozi batanga umusaruro mubwiherero.

Ikizamini cya Dynamic: ikizamini cyakozwe mugihe isuku iri mubikorwa bisanzwe.

Ubusembwa: kubura ibinyabuzima bizima.

Sterilisation: uburyo bwo kugera kuri sterile. Itandukaniro riri hagati yubwiherero nicyumba gisanzwe gikonjesha. Ubwiherero n’ibyumba bisanzwe bikonjesha ikirere ni ahantu hakoreshwa uburyo bwa artile mu kurema no kubungabunga ibidukikije bigera ku bushyuhe runaka, ubushuhe, umuvuduko w’ikirere no kweza ikirere. Itandukaniro riri hagati yibi ni ibi bikurikira:

Icyumba gisukuye icyumba gisanzwe gikonjesha

Umwuka wo mu nzu uhagaritswe ugomba kugenzurwa. Ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, umuvuduko wumwuka nubunini bwumwuka bigomba kugera kumurongo runaka wo guhumeka (icyumba gisukuye cyerekezo cyicyumba inshuro 400-600 / h, icyumba gisukuye kidafite icyerekezo inshuro 15-60 / h).

Mubisanzwe, ubushyuhe bugabanuka inshuro 8-10 / h. Guhumeka ni icyumba cy'ubushyuhe burigihe inshuro 10-15 / h. Usibye gukurikirana ubushyuhe nubushuhe, isuku igomba gupimwa buri gihe. Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bigomba gupimwa buri gihe. Isoko ryo mu kirere rigomba kunyura mu byiciro bitatu byo kuyungurura, kandi itumanaho rigomba gukoresha hepa ikirere. Koresha ibikoresho byibanze, biciriritse nubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo guhanahana ibikoresho. Icyumba gisukuye kigomba kugira umuvuduko mwiza ≥10Pa kumwanya ukikije. Hano hari igitutu cyiza, ariko ntakibazo gisabwa. Abakozi binjira bagomba guhindura inkweto zidasanzwe n'imyambaro idasanzwe kandi bakanyura mu kirere. Tandukanya urujya n'uruza rw'abantu n'ibikoresho.

Ibice byahagaritswe: mubisanzwe bivuga ibice bikomeye kandi byamazi byahagaritswe mukirere, kandi ubunini bwacyo bingana na 0.1 kugeza 5 mm. Isuku: ikoreshwa mu kuranga ingano n'umubare w'uduce duto tuba mu kirere kuri buri gice cy'ubunini bw'umwanya, nicyo gipimo cyo gutandukanya isuku y'ahantu.

Airlock: Icyumba cya buffer cyashyizwe kumuryango no gusohoka mucyumba gisukuye kugirango uhagarike umwuka wanduye hamwe no gutandukanya itandukaniro ryumuvuduko uturutse hanze cyangwa ibyumba byegeranye.

Umwuka wo mu kirere: Ubwoko bwa airlock ikoresha abafana, akayunguruzo, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura guhumeka umwuka mubantu binjira mucyumba. Nimwe muburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya umwanda wo hanze.

Sukura imyenda y'akazi: Sukura imyenda hamwe n'umukungugu muke ukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye ibice biterwa n'abakozi.

Akayunguruzo ka Hepa: Akayunguruzo ko mu kirere gafite ubushobozi bwo gufata hejuru ya 99.9% ku bice bifite diameter irenze cyangwa ingana na 0.3μm hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’ikirere uri munsi ya 250Pa ku gipimo cy’ikirere cyagenwe.

Akayunguruzo ka Ultra-hepa: Akayunguruzo ko mu kirere gafite ubushobozi bwo gufata hejuru ya 99,999% ku bice bifite diameter ya 0.1 kugeza 0.2μm hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’ikirere uri munsi ya 280Pa ku gipimo cy’ikirere cyagenwe.

Amahugurwa asukuye: Igizwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka neza hamwe na sisitemu yo kweza ikirere, kandi ni nawo mutima wa sisitemu yo kweza, ikorera hamwe kugirango harebwe niba ibipimo bitandukanye. Kugenzura ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe: Amahugurwa asukuye nicyo gisabwa n’ibidukikije bya GMP ku miti y’imiti, kandi sisitemu yo guhumeka ikirere (HVAC) niyo garanti y’ibanze yo kugera ahantu hasukuye. Sisitemu yo guhumeka neza hagati yisuku irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: sisitemu yo guhumeka DC: umwuka wo hanze wavuwe kandi ushobora kuzuza ibisabwa byumwanya woherejwe mubyumba, hanyuma umwuka wose urasohoka. Yitwa kandi sisitemu yuzuye yuzuye, ikoreshwa mumahugurwa hamwe nibisabwa bidasanzwe. Agace gatanga umukungugu mu igorofa rya kane ry’amahugurwa ariho ni ubu bwoko, nk'icyumba cyo kumisha granulation, ahantu huzuzwa ibinini, ahantu ho gutwikira, ahantu hajanjagurwa no gupima. Kuberako amahugurwa atanga umukungugu mwinshi, sisitemu ya DC ikoreshwa. Sisitemu yo guhumeka neza: ni ukuvuga ko icyumba gisukuye gitanga umwuka ni uruvange rwigice cyumuyaga mwiza wavuwe hanze hamwe nigice cyumwuka ugaruka uva mucyumba gisukuye. Umwuka mwiza wo hanze usanzwe ubarwa nka 30% yubunini bwumwuka mwicyumba gisukuye, kandi bigomba no gukenera kwishyura indege ziva mubyumba. Kuzenguruka bigabanijwemo umwuka wambere wo kugaruka hamwe numwuka wo kugaruka. Itandukaniro riri hagati yumuyaga wambere ugaruka hamwe numwuka wongeye kugaruka: Muri sisitemu yo guhumeka yicyumba gisukuye, umwuka wambere ugaruka bivuga umwuka wo kugaruka murugo ubanza kuvangwa numwuka mwiza, hanyuma ukavurwa na cooler yo hejuru (cyangwa icyumba cyo gutera amazi) kugirango ugere kumiterere yikime cyimashini, hanyuma ushyushye nubushyuhe bwibanze kugirango ugere kumiterere yikirere (kubushyuhe burigihe nubushuhe). Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gusubira mu kirere ni uko umwuka wambere ugaruka uvanze numwuka mwiza kandi ukavurwa na cooler yo hejuru (cyangwa icyumba cyo gutera amazi) kugirango ugere kumiterere yikime cyimashini, hanyuma ukavangwa numwuka wo kugaruka murugo rimwe, kandi leta itanga ikirere murugo irashobora kugerwaho mugucunga ibipimo bivangwa (cyane cyane sisitemu yo kwangiza).

Umuvuduko mwiza: Mubisanzwe, ibyumba bisukuye bigomba gukomeza umuvuduko mwiza kugirango birinde umwanda uturuka hanze, kandi bifasha gusohora umukungugu wimbere. Agaciro keza k'umuvuduko muri rusange gakurikiza ibishushanyo bibiri bikurikira: 1) Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko hagati yibyumba bisukuye byinzego zitandukanye no hagati y’ahantu hasukuye n’ahantu hatari hasukuye ntibigomba kuba munsi ya 5Pa; 2) Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko hagati yimyitozo yo murugo no hanze ntigomba kuba munsi ya 10Pa, mubisanzwe 10 ~ 20Pa. . Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe nubushuhe busabwa, kugenzura itandukaniro ryumuvuduko, umuvuduko wumwuka nubunini bwogutanga ikirere, kwinjira no gusohoka kwabantu, hamwe no kuvura ikirere byateguwe kandi bigafatanya gukora sisitemu yubwiherero.

1. Ibisabwa n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe

Ubushuhe hamwe nubushuhe bugereranije bwi suku bigomba kuba bihuye nibisabwa kugirango ibicuruzwa bishoboke, kandi ibidukikije bigomba gukorerwa ibicuruzwa. Mugihe nta bisabwa bidasanzwe byokubyara umusaruro, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwisuku burashobora kugenzurwa kuri 18-26 ℃ naho ubuhehere bugereranije bushobora kugenzurwa kuri 45-65%. Urebye kugenzura byimazeyo kwanduza mikorobe mu gice cyibanze cyibikorwa bya aseptic, hari ibisabwa byihariye kumyambaro yabakora muri kano karere. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe nubushuhe bugereranije bwahantu hasukuye birashobora kugenwa ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye byibikorwa nibicuruzwa.

1. Kugenzura itandukaniro

Kugira ngo wirinde isuku y’icyumba gisukuye kugira ngo itanduzwa n’icyumba cyegeranye, umwuka uva mu cyuho cy’inyubako (icyuho cy’umuryango, kwinjira mu rukuta, imiyoboro, n'ibindi) mu cyerekezo cyagenwe birashobora kugabanya uruzinduko rw’ibice byangiza. Uburyo bwo kugenzura icyerekezo cyumuyaga ni ukugenzura umuvuduko wumwanya wegeranye. GMP isaba itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wapimwe (DP) kugirango ikomeze hagati yicyumba gisukuye nu mwanya wegeranye hamwe nisuku yo hasi. Agaciro DP hagati y’ikirere gitandukanye muri GMP y’Ubushinwa giteganijwe kuba munsi ya 10Pa, kandi itandukaniro ryiza cyangwa ribi rigomba kugumaho hakurikijwe ibisabwa.

1. Uburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere hamwe nubunini bwogutanga ikirere ishyira mu gaciro ishyira mu bikorwa ni kimwe mu byemezo byingenzi byo gukumira umwanda no kwanduzanya ahantu hasukuye. Ishyirahamwe ryimyuka ifatika nugukora umwuka wicyumba cyoherejwe woherejwe muburyo bwihuse kandi buringaniye cyangwa gukwirakwizwa ahantu hose hasukuye, kugabanya imigezi ya eddy nu mfuruka zapfuye, kugabanya umukungugu na bagiteri ziterwa n’umwanda wo mu ngo, no kubisohora vuba kandi neza, bikagabanya amahirwe y’umukungugu na bagiteri byanduza ibicuruzwa, kandi bikagumana isuku isabwa mucyumba. Kubera ko ikoranabuhanga risukuye rigenzura ubwinshi bwibice byahagaritswe mu kirere, kandi ingano y’umwuka igezwa mu cyumba gisukuye ni nini cyane kuruta iyo isabwa n’ibyumba rusange bikonjesha ikirere, imiterere y’imiterere y’ikirere iratandukanye cyane na yo. Uburyo bwo gutembera mu kirere bugabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu:
2. Urujya n'uruza rwerekezo: urujya n'uruza rw'imirongo ibangikanye mu cyerekezo kimwe n'umuvuduko uhoraho w'umuyaga ku gice cyambukiranya; (Hariho ubwoko bubiri: vertical veridirection flow and horizontal horizontal unidirectional flow.)
3. Kugenda kutayobora: bivuga umwuka wo mu kirere utujuje ibisobanuro byurujya n'uruza.

3. Uruvange ruvanze: umwuka wo mu kirere ugizwe no gutembera kutajyanye no gutembera. Muri rusange, urujya n'uruza rutemba rutembera neza ruva mu kirere cyo mu kirere rugana ku ruhande rwarwo rugaruka, kandi isuku irashobora kugera mu cyiciro cya 100. Isuku y'ibyumba bisukuye biterekanijwe biri hagati y’icyiciro cya 1.000 n’icyiciro 100.000, kandi isuku y’ibyumba bisukuye bivanze irashobora kugera mu cyiciro cya 100 mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Muri sisitemu yo gutambuka gutambitse, umwuka uva mu rukuta ujya ku rundi. Muri sisitemu ihagaze neza, umwuka uva mu gisenge ujya hasi. Imiterere yumuyaga wicyumba gisukuye mubisanzwe irashobora kugaragazwa muburyo bwimbitse na "ikirere gihindura ikirere": "ihinduka ryikirere" nubunini bwumwuka winjira mumwanya kumasaha ugabanijwe nubunini bwumwanya. Bitewe nubunini butandukanye bwo gutanga umwuka woherejwe mubyumba bisukuye, isuku yicyumba nayo iratandukanye. Ukurikije imibare yuburambe hamwe nuburambe bufatika, uburambe muri rusange bwigihe cyo guhumeka nuburyo bukurikira, nkikigereranyo cyambere cyumubyigano wicyumba gisukuye: 1) Kubyiciro 100.000, ibihe byo guhumeka mubisanzwe birenze inshuro 15 / isaha; 2) Ku cyiciro 10,000, ibihe byo guhumeka muri rusange birenze inshuro 25 / isaha; 3) Ku cyiciro cya 1000, ibihe byo guhumeka muri rusange birenze inshuro 50 / isaha; 4) Ku cyiciro cya 100, ingano yo gutanga ikirere ibarwa hashingiwe ku gutanga ikirere cyihuta cy’umuyaga wa 0.2-0.45m / s. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ikirere ni igice cyingenzi cyo kwemeza isuku y’ahantu hasukuye. Nubwo kongera umubare wibyuka bihumeka bifite akamaro mukugira isuku, ubwinshi bwumwuka mwinshi bizatera imyanda yingufu. Urwego rwogusukura ikirere ntarengwa byemewe byumukungugu wumukungugu (static) ntarengwa byemewe bya mikorobe (static) yumuyaga mwinshi (kumasaha)

4. Kwinjira no gusohoka byabantu nibintu

Kubyumba bisukuye, mubisanzwe bishyirwa kumuryango no gusohoka mucyumba gisukuye kugirango bahagarike umwuka wanduye wanduye kandi bagenzure itandukaniro ryumuvuduko. Icyumba cya buffer cyashyizweho. Ibi byumba byuzuzanya bigenzura umwanya winjira nogusohoka unyuze mumiryango myinshi, kandi bigatanga ahantu ho kwambara / gukuramo imyenda isukuye, kwanduza, kweza nibindi bikorwa. Ihuriro rusange rya elegitoronike hamwe nugukingira ikirere.

Agasanduku k'inzira: Kwinjira no gusohoka mu bikoresho mu cyumba gisukuye birimo agasanduku k'inzira, n'ibindi. Ibi bice bigira uruhare runini mu guhererekanya ibikoresho hagati y’isuku n’ahantu hatari hasukuye. Inzugi zabo ebyiri ntizishobora gukingurwa icyarimwe, zemeza ko umwuka wo hanze udashobora kwinjira no gusohoka mumahugurwa mugihe ibintu byatanzwe. Byongeye kandi, agasanduku kanyuzemo ibikoresho byamatara ya ultraviolet ntigishobora gusa gukomeza umuvuduko mwiza mubyumba bihamye, gukumira umwanda, kuzuza ibisabwa na GMP, ariko kandi bigira uruhare mukubyara no kwanduza.

Kwiyuhagira mu kirere: Icyumba cyo kogeramo ni inzira y'ibicuruzwa byinjira kandi bisohoka mu cyumba gisukuye kandi binagira uruhare mu cyumba cya airlock gifunze icyumba gisukuye. Kugirango ugabanye umubare munini wumukungugu uzanwa nibicuruzwa byinjira no hanze, umwuka mwiza wumuyaga wungururwa na filteri ya hepa uterwa impande zose na nozzle izunguruka kubicuruzwa, neza kandi vuba vuba ivumbi. Niba hari umuyaga wo mu kirere, ugomba guhuhwa no gusukwa ukurikije amabwiriza mbere yo kwinjira mumahugurwa adafite ivumbi. Muri icyo gihe, kurikiza byimazeyo ibisobanuro kandi ukoreshe ibisabwa byo koga.

1. Kuvura ikirere hamwe nibiranga

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kweza ikirere ni tekinoroji yuzuye yo gushyiraho ikirere cyiza kandi cyemeza kandi kizamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Ni cyane cyane gushungura ibice byo mu kirere kugirango haboneke umwuka mwiza, hanyuma bigatemba mu cyerekezo kimwe ku muvuduko umwe ugereranije cyangwa uhagaritse, hanyuma ukarabe umwuka hamwe nuduce tuyikikije, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kweza ikirere. Sisitemu yo guhumeka icyumba gisukuye igomba kuba uburyo bwo guhumeka neza hamwe nuburyo butatu bwo kuyungurura: kuyungurura ibanze, kuyungurura hagati na hepa. Menya neza ko umwuka woherejwe mu cyumba ari umwuka mwiza kandi ushobora kugabanya umwuka wanduye mu cyumba. Akayunguruzo k'ibanze gakwiriye cyane cyane kuyungurura ibanze ya sisitemu yo guhumeka no guhumeka no gusubiza muyungurura umwuka mubyumba bisukuye. Akayunguruzo kagizwe na fibre artificiel hamwe nicyuma. Irashobora guhagarika neza ivumbi ridafite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya umwuka. Fibre ihuriweho na fibre ikora inzitizi zitabarika kubice, kandi umwanya mugari uri hagati ya fibre ituma umwuka uhumeka neza neza kugirango urinde urwego rukurikira rwayunguruzo muri sisitemu na sisitemu ubwayo. Hariho ibintu bibiri byogutembera kwumwuka wimbere murugo: kimwe ni laminari (ni ukuvuga ibice byose byahagaritswe mubyumba bibikwa murwego rwa laminari); ikindi ntabwo ari laminari (ni ukuvuga, umwuka wimbere murugo urahungabana). Mu byumba byinshi bisukuye, umuvuduko wumwuka wo murugo ntabwo ari laminari (imivurungano), ntishobora gusa kuvanga byihuse ibice byahagaritswe byinjira mu kirere, ariko kandi bigatuma ibice bihagaze mucyumba byongera kuguruka, kandi umwuka ushobora no guhagarara.

6. Kurinda umuriro no kwimura amahugurwa asukuye

1) Urwego rwo kurwanya umuriro wamahugurwa asukuye ntirugomba kuba munsi yurwego rwa 2;

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3) Igisenge hamwe nigitereko cyurukuta rwicyumba gisukuye ntigishobora gukongoka, kandi ibikoresho kama ntigomba gukoreshwa. Umupaka wo kurwanya inkongi y'umuriro ntushobora kuba munsi ya 0.4h, kandi ntarengwa yo kurwanya umuriro w'igisenge cya koridoro yo kwimuka ntigomba kuba munsi ya 1.0h.

4) Mu nyubako yuzuye y’uruganda mu karere k’umuriro, hashyirwaho ingamba zo kugabana umubiri zidashobora gutwikwa hagati y’umusaruro usukuye n’ahantu hakorerwa umusaruro rusange. Umupaka wo kurwanya umuriro wurukuta rwibice hamwe nigisenge cyarwo ntushobora kuba munsi ya 1h. Ibikoresho bitazimya umuriro cyangwa birwanya umuriro bigomba gukoreshwa mu kuzuza neza imiyoboro inyura ku rukuta cyangwa ku gisenge;

5) Ibisohoka by’umutekano bigomba gutatana, kandi ntihakagombye kubaho inzira zibabaza ziva ahakorerwa ibicuruzwa kugera aho zisohoka, kandi hazashyirwaho ibimenyetso bigaragara byo kwimuka.

6) Urugi rwo kwimura umutekano ruhuza ahantu hasukuye n’ahantu hadafite isuku n’ahantu hasukuye hanze hazafungurwa mu cyerekezo cyo kwimuka. Urugi rwo kwimura umutekano ntirukwiye kuba urugi rwahagaritswe, umuryango udasanzwe, umuryango unyerera kuruhande cyangwa urugi rukora amashanyarazi. Urukuta rw'inyuma rw'amahugurwa asukuye hamwe n'ahantu hasukuye mu igorofa imwe bigomba kuba bifite inzugi n'amadirishya kugira ngo abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro binjire ahantu hasukuye muri ayo mahugurwa, kandi hagomba gushyirwaho umuriro udasanzwe ku gice gikwiye cy'urukuta rw'inyuma.

Amahugurwa ya GMP: GMP ni impfunyapfunyo yimikorere myiza. Ibirimo nyamukuru ni ugushyira imbere ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango habeho gushyira mu gaciro ibikorwa by’ibikorwa by’uruganda, gukoresha ibikoresho by’umusaruro, hamwe n’ukuri n’ibikorwa by’ibikorwa. Icyemezo cya GMP bivuga inzira leta n’inzego zibishinzwe bategura igenzura ku mpande zose z’ikigo, nk'abakozi, amahugurwa, ibikoresho by’inganda, ibidukikije, umusaruro w’isuku, imicungire y’ibikoresho, imicungire y’umusaruro, imicungire y’ubuziranenge, n’imicungire y’ibicuruzwa, kugira ngo barebe niba byujuje ibisabwa n’amabwiriza. GMP isaba ko abakora ibicuruzwa bagomba kugira ibikoresho byiza byo kubyaza umusaruro, uburyo bwiza bwo kubyaza umusaruro, gucunga neza ubuziranenge hamwe na sisitemu yo gupima byimazeyo kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byanyuma bujuje ibisabwa n’amabwiriza. Umusaruro wibicuruzwa bimwe ugomba gukorerwa mumahugurwa yemewe ya GMP. Gushyira mu bikorwa GMP, kuzamura ireme ry'ibicuruzwa, no kuzamura imyumvire ya serivisi ni ishingiro n'isoko y'iterambere ry'inganda nto n'iziciriritse mu bihe by'ubukungu bw'isoko. Isuku y’ibyumba no kuyigenzura: Ibisobanuro by’umwanda: Umwanda bivuga ibintu byose bitari ngombwa. Yaba ibikoresho cyangwa ingufu, mugihe cyose bitaba bigize ibicuruzwa, ntabwo ari ngombwa kubaho kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yibicuruzwa. Hano hari amasoko ane yibanze yanduye: 1. Ibikoresho (igisenge, hasi, urukuta); 2. Ibikoresho, ibikoresho; 3. Abakozi; 4. Ibicuruzwa. Icyitonderwa: Micro-umwanda irashobora gupimwa muri micron, ni: 1000μm = 1mm. Mubisanzwe dushobora kubona gusa ivumbi rifite ubunini burenze 50 mm, naho umukungugu uri munsi ya 50 mm ushobora kugaragara gusa na microscope. Isuku ya mikorobe yo mucyumba isukuye ahanini ituruka mubintu bibiri: kwanduza umubiri wumuntu hamwe nibikoresho bya sisitemu yanduye. Mubihe bisanzwe byumubiri, umubiri wumuntu uzahora usuka umunzani, inyinshi muri zo zitwara bagiteri. Kubera ko umwuka uhagarika umubare munini wumukungugu, utanga abitwara nubuzima bwa bagiteri, bityo ikirere nicyo soko nyamukuru ya bagiteri. Abantu niyo soko nini yanduye. Iyo abantu bavuga bakimuka, barekura umubare munini wumukungugu, wiziritse hejuru yibicuruzwa kandi byanduza ibicuruzwa. Nubwo abakozi bakorera mucyumba gisukuye bambara imyenda isukuye, imyenda isukuye ntishobora kubuza rwose gukwirakwiza ibice. Byinshi mubice binini bizahita bitura hejuru yikintu bitewe nuburemere, nibindi bito bito bizagwa hejuru yikintu hamwe no kugenda kwikirere. Gusa iyo uduce duto tugera kumurongo runaka hanyuma tugahurira hamwe dushobora kubibona mumaso. Kugira ngo abakozi bagabanye umwanda w’ibyumba bisukuye, abakozi bagomba gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza iyo binjiye kandi basohoka. Intambwe yambere mbere yo kwinjira mucyumba gisukuye ni ugukuramo ikoti yawe mucyumba cya mbere cyo kwimura, ugashyiraho inkweto zisanzwe, hanyuma ukinjira mucyumba cya kabiri cyo guhindura inkweto. Mbere yo kwinjira kumwanya wa kabiri, oza kandi wumishe intoki mucyumba cya buffer. Koza amaboko yawe imbere n'inyuma y'amaboko yawe kugeza igihe amaboko yawe atose. Nyuma yo kwinjira mucyumba cya kabiri cya shift, hindura inkweto za mbere za shift, wambare imyenda yakazi itagabanije, hanyuma wambare inkweto ya kabiri yo kweza. Hano hari ingingo eshatu zingenzi mugihe wambaye imyenda yakazi isukuye: A. Kwambara neza kandi ntugaragaze umusatsi wawe; B. Mask igomba gupfuka izuru; C. Sukura umukungugu mumyenda y'akazi isukuye mbere yo kwinjira mumahugurwa asukuye. Mu micungire y’umusaruro, usibye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bifatika, haracyari abakozi benshi batinjira ahantu hasukuye nkuko bisabwa kandi ibikoresho ntibifatwa neza. Kubwibyo, abakora ibicuruzwa bagomba gusaba byimazeyo abakora ibicuruzwa no gutsimbataza isuku yabakozi bakora. Umwanda w’abantu - bagiteri:

1. (3) Amacandwe: arimo sodium, enzymes, umunyu, potasiyumu, chloride nuduce twibiryo. (4) Imyenda ya buri munsi: ibice, fibre, silika, selile, imiti itandukanye na bagiteri. (5) Abantu bazabyara uduce 10,000 10,000 turenze mikoro 0.3 kumunota mugihe bakiri cyangwa bicaye.

2. Ingano ya bagiteri isohoka mugihe umubiri wumuntu ukora muri rusange ni 150 ~ 1000 / min. Ingano ya bagiteri isohoka iyo umuntu agenda yihuta ni 900 ~ 2500 / min.umuntu. (2) Inkorora muri rusange ni 70 ~ 700 / min.umuntu. (3) Guswera muri rusange 4000 ~ 62000 / min.umuntu. (4) Ingano ya bagiteri isohoka iyo wambaye imyenda isanzwe ni 3300 ~ 62000 / min.umuntu. (5) Ingano ya bagiteri yasohotse idafite mask: ingano ya bagiteri yasohowe na mask ni 1: 7 ~ 1: 14.