Intangiriro
Hamwe niterambere ridahwema no gushyira mubikorwa siyanse nikoranabuhanga, ibyifuzo byubwiherero bwinganda mubyiciro byose nabyo biriyongera. Kugirango ubungabunge ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, umutekano w’umusaruro no guteza imbere guhangana n’ibicuruzwa, inganda z’inganda zigomba kubaka ubwiherero. Muhinduzi azamenyekanisha ibisabwa bisanzwe byubwiherero muburyo burambuye uhereye kurwego, igishushanyo, ibisabwa ibikoresho, imiterere, ubwubatsi, kwemerwa, kwirinda, nibindi.
1. Ibipimo byo guhitamo ikibanza cyogusukura
Guhitamo urubuga rwubwiherero bigomba gutekereza kubintu byinshi, cyane cyane ibi bikurikira:
(1). Ibidukikije: Amahugurwa agomba kuba kure y’umwanda nkumwotsi, urusaku, imirasire ya electromagnetique, nibindi kandi bifite ibihe byiza byo guhumeka.
(2). Ibintu byabantu: Amahugurwa agomba kuba kure yimihanda nyabagendwa, mumujyi rwagati, resitora, ubwiherero n’ahantu nyabagendwa n’ahantu h’urusaku rwinshi.
(3). Ubumenyi bw'ikirere: Ubutaka bukikije, imiterere y'ubutaka, ikirere n'ibindi bintu kamere bigomba kwitabwaho, kandi ntibigomba kuba mu mukungugu no mu mucanga.
(4). Gutanga amazi, gutanga amashanyarazi hamwe nuburyo bwo gutanga gazi: Birakenewe ibintu byiza byibanze nko gutanga amazi, gaze, gutanga amashanyarazi n’itumanaho.
(5). Impamvu z'umutekano: Amahugurwa agomba kuba aherereye ahantu hashobora kuba hatekanye kugirango hirindwe ingaruka z’umwanda n’amasoko y’akaga.
(6). Ahantu hubatswe n'uburebure: Ubunini n'uburebure bw'amahugurwa bigomba kuba bitagereranywa kugirango byongere imbaraga zo guhumeka no kugabanya ibiciro by'ibikoresho bigezweho.
2. Ibisabwa byogusukura
(1). Imiterere yinyubako isabwa: Imiterere yinyubako yubwiherero igomba kuba ifite ibiranga umukungugu, udashobora kumeneka ndetse nuwinjira mubwinjira kugirango harebwe niba imyanda ihumanya idashobora kwinjira mumahugurwa.
(2). Ibisabwa hasi: Igorofa igomba kuba iringaniye, idafite ivumbi kandi yoroshye kuyisukura, kandi ibikoresho bigomba kuba birwanya kwambara kandi birwanya static.
(3). Ibisabwa kurukuta nigisenge: Urukuta nigisenge bigomba kuba biringaniye, bitarimo umukungugu kandi byoroshye koza, kandi ibikoresho bigomba kuba birwanya kwambara kandi birwanya static.
(4). Ibisabwa ku muryango no ku idirishya: Inzugi n'amadirishya by'icyumba gisukuye bigomba gufungwa neza kugirango birinde umwuka wo hanze hamwe n’umwanda winjira mu mahugurwa.
(5). Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ibisabwa: Ukurikije urwego rwicyumba gisukuye, hagomba gutoranywa uburyo bukwiye bwo guhumeka neza kugirango habeho itangwa n’ikwirakwizwa ry’umwuka mwiza.
(6). Sisitemu yo kumurika ibisabwa: Sisitemu yo kumurika igomba kuba ikeneye amatara yicyumba gisukuye mugihe twirinze ubushyuhe bukabije n amashanyarazi ahamye.
(7). Sisitemu ya sisitemu isabwa: Sisitemu yo gusohora igomba kuba ishobora gukuraho neza umwanda hamwe na gaze ya gaze mu mahugurwa kugirango habeho gutembera no kugira isuku yumwuka mumahugurwa.
3. Ibisabwa ku bakozi b'amahugurwa asukuye
(1). Amahugurwa: Abakozi bose b'amahugurwa asukuye bagomba kwakira ibikorwa byamahugurwa asukuye hamwe namahugurwa yisuku kandi bakumva ibisabwa bisanzwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mumahugurwa asukuye.
(2). Kwambara: Abakozi bagomba kwambara ibikoresho birinda umuntu nkimyenda yakazi, gants, masike, nibindi byujuje ubuziranenge bwamahugurwa kugirango birinde kwanduza abakozi mumahugurwa meza.
(3). Ibisobanuro bikora: Abakozi bagomba gukora bakurikije inzira zikorwa zamahugurwa asukuye kugirango birinde umukungugu mwinshi n’umwanda.
4. Ibikoresho bikenerwa mumahugurwa asukuye
(1). Guhitamo ibikoresho: Hitamo ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge bwamahugurwa kugirango umenye neza ko ibikoresho ubwabyo bidatanga umukungugu mwinshi n’umwanda.
(2). Kubungabunga ibikoresho: Kubungabunga buri gihe ibikoresho kugirango ukore imikorere isanzwe hamwe nisuku yibikoresho.
(3). Imiterere y'ibikoresho: Shyira mu gaciro ibikoresho kugirango umenye neza ko intera n'umuyoboro uri hagati y'ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe mu mahugurwa asukuye.
5. Amahame yuburyo bwiza bwamahugurwa
(1). Amahugurwa yumusaruro nigice cyingenzi cyamahugurwa asukuye kandi agomba gucungwa muburyo bumwe, kandi umwuka mwiza ugomba gusohoka mumiyoboro ikikije umuyaga muke.
(2). Agace k'ubugenzuzi n'ahantu ho gukorera bigomba gutandukana kandi ibikorwa ntibigomba gukorerwa mukarere kamwe.
(3). Urwego rwisuku rwigenzura, imikorere nudupakira rugomba kuba rutandukanye kandi rugabanya ibice.
(4). Amahugurwa asukuye agomba kuba afite intera yanduye kugirango yirinde kwanduza, kandi icyumba cyanduza kigomba gukoresha akayunguruzo ko mu kirere k’isuku zitandukanye.
(5). Birabujijwe kunywa itabi no guhekenya amenyo mu mahugurwa asukuye kugira ngo amahugurwa agire isuku.
6. Gusukura ibisabwa mumahugurwa asukuye
(1). Isuku isanzwe: Amahugurwa asukuye agomba guhora asukurwa kugirango akureho umukungugu n’umwanda.
(2). Uburyo bwo gukora isuku: Gutegura uburyo bwo gukora isuku no gusobanura uburyo bwo gukora isuku, inshuro hamwe nabantu bashinzwe.
(3). Gusukura inyandiko: Andika inzira yisuku nibisubizo kugirango umenye neza kandi ukurikiranwe neza.
7. Ibisabwa byo gukurikirana isuku
(1). Kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ikirere: Gukurikirana buri gihe ubwiza bw’ikirere mu musarani kugira ngo ibisabwa kugira isuku byuzuzwe.
(2). Gukurikirana isuku yubuso: Gukurikirana buri gihe isuku yimbere hejuru yubwiherero kugirango harebwe niba isuku yujujwe.
(3). Kugenzura inyandiko: Andika ibisubizo byakurikiranwe kugirango umenye neza niba ukurikirana neza.
8. Ibisabwa byogusukura
(1). Ibipimo byo kwakirwa: Ukurikije urwego rwubwiherero, shiraho ibipimo byemewe.
(2). Uburyo bwo kwemererwa: Sobanura inzira zokwemererwa hamwe nababishinzwe kugirango umenye neza niba byakirwa.
(3). Inyandiko zo kwakirwa: Andika inzira yo kwemererwa n'ibisubizo kugirango umenye neza kandi ukurikirane neza.
9. Ibisabwa byo guhindura isuku
(1). Hindura porogaramu: Kubihinduka byose mubwiherero, gusaba impinduka bigomba gutangwa kandi birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nyuma yo kubyemeza.
(2). Hindura inyandiko: Andika inzira yo guhindura n'ibisubizo kugirango umenye neza imikorere n'impinduka.
10. Kwirinda
(1). Mugihe cyo gukora amahugurwa asukuye, hakwiye kwitabwaho mugukemura ibibazo byihutirwa nkumuriro wamashanyarazi, imyuka ihumeka, n’amazi igihe icyo aricyo cyose kugirango habeho imikorere isanzwe y’ibidukikije.
(2). Abakora amahugurwa bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa yumwuga, ibisobanuro byakazi, nigitabo gikora, bagashyira mubikorwa inzira zikorwa ningamba zogukora neza, no kunoza ubuhanga bwabo bwo gukora no kumva ko bafite inshingano.
(3). Kugenzura buri gihe no kubungabunga amahugurwa asukuye, kwandika amakuru y’imicungire, no kugenzura buri gihe ibipimo by’ibidukikije nk’isuku, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n’umuvuduko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-25-2025