1. Imiterere yubwiherero
Ubwiherero muri rusange bugizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi: ahantu hasukuye, igice gisukuye igice, hamwe nubufasha. Imiterere yisuku irashobora gutegurwa muburyo bukurikira:
(1). Koridor ikikije: Koridor irashobora kuba idirishya cyangwa idafite idirishya kandi ikora nk'ahantu ho kureba hamwe nububiko bwibikoresho. Koridor zimwe zishobora no gushyushya imbere. Windows yo hanze igomba kuba ifite amabara abiri.
(2). Koridor y'imbere: Isuku iherereye kuri perimetero, naho koridor iri imbere. Ubu bwoko bwa koridor muri rusange bufite urwego rwo hejuru rwisuku, ndetse no kurwego rwisuku.
(3). Koridor ya End-to-End: Isuku iherereye kuruhande rumwe, ifite ibyumba bisukuye kandi byunganira kurundi ruhande.
(4). Umuhanda wa koridor: Kugirango ubike umwanya no kugabanya imiyoboro, isuku irashobora kuba intandaro, ikikijwe nibyumba bitandukanye byingoboka hamwe nu miyoboro ihishe. Ubu buryo burinda ubwiherero ingaruka z’ikirere cyo hanze, bugabanya ubukonje no gushyushya ingufu zikoreshwa, kandi bugira uruhare mu kubungabunga ingufu.
2. Inzira zo kwanduza umuntu ku giti cye
Kugirango ugabanye kwanduza ibikorwa byabantu mugihe cyibikorwa, abakozi bagomba guhindura imyenda yisuku hanyuma bakiyuhagira, kwiyuhagira, no kwanduza mbere yo kwinjira mubwiherero. Izi ngamba zitwa "kwanduza abakozi," cyangwa "kwanduza umuntu." Guhindura icyumba mu isuku bigomba guhumeka no gukomeza umuvuduko mwiza ugereranije nibindi byumba, nkubwinjiriro. Ubwiherero no kwiyuhagira bigomba gukomeza umuvuduko muke, mugihe ubwiherero nubwiyuhagiriro bigomba gukomeza umuvuduko mubi.
3. Inzira zo kwanduza ibintu
Ibintu byose bigomba kwanduzwa mbere yo kwinjira mu musarani, cyangwa "kwanduza ibintu." Inzira yo kwanduza ibintu igomba gutandukana ninzira yubwiherero. Niba ibikoresho n'abakozi bashobora kwinjira gusa mu bwiherero bivuye ahantu hamwe, bagomba kwinjira banyuze mu bwinjiriro butandukanye, kandi ibikoresho bigomba kwanduzwa mbere. Kuri porogaramu zifite imirongo yoroheje itunganijwe neza, ububiko bwo hagati burashobora gushyirwaho muburyo bwibintu. Kumurongo wogukora neza, inzira igororotse kunyuramo igomba gukoreshwa, rimwe na rimwe bisaba kwanduza no kwimura ibikoresho muri iyo nzira. Kubijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu, ibyiciro bigoye kandi byiza byo kweza byogusukura bizahanagura uduce twinshi, bityo ahantu hasa nkaho hasukuye hagomba kubikwa kumuvuduko mubi cyangwa umuvuduko wa zeru. Niba ibyago byo kwanduza ari byinshi, icyerekezo cyinjira nacyo kigomba kubikwa kumuvuduko mubi.
4. Gutegura imiyoboro
Imiyoboro iri mu bwiherero butagira umukungugu iragoye cyane, iyo miyoboro rero yose itunganijwe muburyo bwihishe. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwihariye bwihishe mumuryango.
(1). Tekiniki ya mezzanine
①. Hejuru ya tekinike mezzanine. Muri iyi mezzanine, igice cyambukiranya imiyoboro nogusubira mu kirere muri rusange nicyo kinini, bityo nicyo kintu cya mbere kigomba gutekerezwa muri mezzanine. Mubisanzwe bitunganijwe hejuru ya mezzanine, kandi imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi itunganijwe munsi yayo. Iyo isahani yo hepfo yiyi mezzanine ishobora kwihanganira uburemere runaka, kuyungurura nibikoresho bya gaze birashobora gushyirwaho.
②. Icyumba cya tekinike mezzanine. Ugereranije na mezzanine yo hejuru gusa, ubu buryo burashobora kugabanya insinga nuburebure bwa mezzanine kandi bikabika inzira ya tekiniki isabwa kugirango umuyoboro wogusubira mu kirere usubire muri mezzanine yo hejuru. Kugarura ibikoresho byo mu kirere bigaruka birashobora kandi gushyirwaho mugice cyo hasi. Igice cyo hejuru cyubwiherero butagira umukungugu hasi runaka burashobora kandi kuba inzira yo hasi ya etage.
(2). Imiyoboro itambitse muri mezzanine yo hejuru no hepfo yinzira ya tekinike (inkuta) ihindurwamo imiyoboro ihagaritse. Umwanya uhishe aho iyi miyoboro ihanamye yitwa inzira ya tekiniki. Inzira ya tekiniki irashobora kandi kubamo ibikoresho byingirakamaro bidakwiriye ubwiherero, ndetse birashobora no kuba imiyoboro rusange yo kugaruka cyangwa agasanduku k'umuvuduko uhagaze. Bamwe barashobora no kwakira imirasire yumucyo. Kubera ko ubu bwoko bwa tekinike (inkuta) bukoresha ibice byoroheje, birashobora guhinduka byoroshye mugihe inzira zahinduwe.
(3). Ibikoresho bya tekiniki: Mugihe inzira ya tekiniki (inkuta) mubisanzwe itambuka hasi, iyo ikoze, ikoreshwa nkigiti cya tekiniki. Akenshi ni igice gihoraho cyimiterere yinyubako. Kuberako ibiti bya tekiniki bihuza amagorofa atandukanye, kugirango birinde umuriro, nyuma yo gushyirwaho imiyoboro y'imbere, uruzitiro rwagati rugomba gufungwa hamwe nibikoresho bifite igipimo cyo kurwanya umuriro kitari munsi yicyapa. Imirimo yo gufata neza igomba gukorwa mubice, kandi inzugi zigenzura zigomba kuba zifite inzugi zidashobora kuzimya umuriro. Haba mezzanine ya tekiniki, inzira ya tekiniki, cyangwa shitingi ya tekiniki ikora nk'umuyoboro wo mu kirere, ubuso bwimbere bugomba gufatwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa hejuru y’isuku imbere.
(5). Ikibanza c'imashini. Nibyiza gushyira icyumba cyimashini ikonjesha ikirere hafi yubwiherero butagira umukungugu busaba ubwinshi bwogutanga ikirere, kandi ugaharanira gukomeza umurongo wumuyaga mugihe gito gishoboka. Ariko, kugirango wirinde urusaku no kunyeganyega, ubwiherero butagira ivumbi nicyumba cyimashini bigomba gutandukana. Izi ngingo zombi zigomba gusuzumwa. Uburyo bwo gutandukana burimo:
1. Uburyo bwo gutandukana muburyo: (1) Gukemura uburyo bwo gutandukana. Guhuriza hamwe gutambuka hagati yamahugurwa adafite ivumbi nicyumba cyimashini kugirango gikore nkigabana. (2) Uburyo bwo gutandukanya urukuta. Niba icyumba cyimashini cyegereye amahugurwa adafite ivumbi, aho kugabana urukuta, buriwese afite urukuta rwarwo rugabanije, kandi ubugari runaka bwikinyuranyo busigara hagati yinkuta zombi zigabanijwe. (3) Uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibyumba byubufasha. Icyumba cyabafasha cyashyizweho hagati yamahugurwa adafite ivumbi nicyumba cyimashini kugirango gikore nka buffer.
2. (2) Ubwoko bwagabanijwe munsi y'ubutaka: Icyumba cyimashini giherereye munsi yo munsi. (3). Uburyo bwubwubatsi bwigenga: Icyumba cyimashini cyubatswe hanze yinyubako yicyumba gisukuye, ariko nibyiza kuba hafi yicyumba gisukuye. Icyumba cyimashini kigomba kwitondera kwinyeganyeza no gucecekesha amajwi. Igorofa igomba kuba idafite amazi kandi ifite ingamba zo kuvoma. Kwigunga kwa Vibration: Utwugarizo hamwe nifatizo ryabafana ba vibrasiya, moteri, pompe zamazi, nibindi bigomba kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana. Nibiba ngombwa, ibikoresho bigomba gushyirwa kumurongo wa beto, hanyuma icyapa kigomba gushyigikirwa nibikoresho birwanya vibrasiya. Uburemere bwigisate bugomba kuba inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3 uburemere bwibikoresho. Gukoresha amajwi: Usibye gushyiramo icecekesha kuri sisitemu, ibyumba binini byimashini birashobora gutekereza ku guhuza ibikoresho bifite imiterere yo kwinjiza amajwi kurukuta. Inzugi zidafite amajwi zigomba gushyirwaho. Ntukingure imiryango kurukuta rwibice hamwe n ahantu hasukuye.
5. Kwimuka neza
Kubera ko icyumba gisukuye ari inyubako ifunze cyane, kwimurwa kwayo neza biba ikibazo gikomeye kandi gikomeye, nacyo kijyanye no gushyiraho sisitemu yo guhumeka neza. Muri rusange, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa:
(1). Buri gace kitagira umuriro cyangwa isuku ahantu hakorerwa hagomba nibura gusohoka byihutirwa bibiri. Gusa gusohoka byihutirwa biremewe niba agace kari munsi ya metero kare 50 kandi umubare w'abakozi uri munsi ya gatanu.
(2). Kwinjira mu bwiherero ntibigomba gukoreshwa nkaho gusohoka. Kubera ko inzira yisuku ikunze kuzenguruka, birashobora kugora abakozi kugera vuba hanze niba umwotsi cyangwa umuriro byibasiye ako gace.
(3). Ibyumba byo kogeramo byo mu kirere ntibigomba gukoreshwa nkinzira rusange. Izi nzugi akenshi zifite imiryango ibiri ifatanye cyangwa yikora, kandi imikorere idahwitse irashobora guhindura cyane kwimuka. Kubwibyo, inzugi za bypass zashyizwe mubyumba byo kwiyuhagiriramo, kandi ni ngombwa niba hari abakozi barenze batanu. Mubisanzwe, abakozi bagomba gusohoka mu bwiherero banyuze mu muryango wa bypass, ntabwo ari icyumba cyo kogeramo.
(4). Kugirango ukomeze umuvuduko wimbere, inzugi za buri cyumba cyisuku kiri mubwiherero zigomba guhangana nicyumba n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Ibi bishingiye ku gitutu cyo gufunga umuryango, ibyo bikaba bivuguruza neza ibisabwa kugira ngo bimuke. Mu rwego rwo kuzirikana ibisabwa haba mu isuku isanzwe no kwimurwa byihutirwa, hateganijwe ko inzugi ziri hagati y’ahantu hasukuye n’ahantu hatari hasukuye, n’inzugi hagati y’ahantu hasukuye n’imbere hazafatwa nkinzugi z’impunzi z’umutekano, kandi icyerekezo cyabo cyo gufungura cyose kizaba kiri mu cyerekezo cyo kwimuka. Birumvikana ko kimwe kijyanye no kumuryango umwe wumutekano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Sep-09-2025