Umushinga w’isuku bivuga gusohora ibyuka bihumanya nka microparticles, umwuka wangiza, bagiteri, nibindi mu kirere mu kirere runaka, no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu, isuku, umuvuduko w’imbere mu muvuduko, umuvuduko w’ikirere no gukwirakwiza, urusaku rw’urusaku, urumuri, amashanyarazi ahamye, n'ibindi mu rwego runaka rusabwa. Twise inzira yibidukikije nkumushinga wogusukura. Umushinga wuzuye wogusukura urimo ibintu byinshi, harimo ibice umunani: sisitemu yo gushushanya no gufata neza, sisitemu ya HVAC, sisitemu yo guhumeka no gusohora, sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro, amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gutunganya imiyoboro, sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora hamwe nogutanga amazi na sisitemu. Ibi bice hamwe bigize sisitemu yuzuye yumusarani kugirango umenye imikorere ningaruka.
1. Sisitemu ya Clenroom
(1). Sisitemu yo gushushanya no kubungabunga
Guhuza imitako no gushushanya umushinga wubwiherero mubisanzwe birimo gushushanya muburyo bwa sisitemu yimiterere yubutaka nkubutaka, igisenge nigice. Muri make, ibi bice bitwikiriye ubuso butandatu bwibice bitatu bifunze umwanya, aribyo hejuru, urukuta nubutaka. Mubyongeyeho, ikubiyemo kandi inzugi, amadirishya nibindi bice byo gushushanya. Bitandukanye no gushariza amazu muri rusange no gushushanya inganda, umushinga wogusukura wita cyane kubipimo byihariye byo gushushanya nibisobanuro birambuye kugirango umwanya wujuje isuku n’ibipimo by’isuku.
(2). Sisitemu ya HVAC
Irimo igice cya chiller (amazi ashyushye) (harimo pompe yamazi, umunara ukonjesha, nibindi) hamwe nurwego rwimashini ikonjesha ikirere hamwe nibindi bikoresho, umuyoboro uhumeka ikirere, agasanduku koguhumeka ikirere (harimo igice kivanze, igice cyingaruka zambere, igice cyo gushyushya, igice cya firigo, igice cyumuvuduko, igice cyingutu, igice cyumuvuduko uhoraho, nibindi).
(3). Sisitemu yo guhumeka no gusohora
Sisitemu yo guhumeka ni igikoresho cyuzuye kigizwe no guhumeka ikirere, gusohoka, gusohora umwuka, umuyoboro, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no gushyushya, gushungura, sisitemu yo kugenzura nibindi bikoresho bifasha. Sisitemu yogusohora ni sisitemu yose igizwe na hood cyangwa umuyaga winjira, ibikoresho byogusukura hamwe nabafana.
(4). Sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro
Ibihe byihutirwa, amatara yihutirwa, imashini, icyuma kizimya umuriro, icyuma kizimya umuriro, ibikoresho byogutabaza byikora, icyuma kizimya umuriro, n'ibindi.
(5). Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi
Harimo ibice bitatu: gucana, imbaraga nimbaraga zidafite imbaraga, cyane cyane bitwikiriye amatara yo kweza, socket, akabati yamashanyarazi, imirongo, kugenzura na terefone hamwe nubundi buryo bukomeye kandi budakomeye.
(6). Sisitemu yo gutunganya imiyoboro
Mu mushinga w’ubwiherero, harimo cyane cyane: imiyoboro ya gaze, imiyoboro y’ibikoresho, imiyoboro y’amazi meza, imiyoboro y’amazi yatewe inshinge, imiyoboro y’amazi meza, imiyoboro y’amazi y’ibanze, imiyoboro y’amazi, kuzenguruka imiyoboro y’amazi, gusiba no kuvoma imiyoboro y’amazi, kondensate, imiyoboro ikonje, n'ibindi.
(7). Sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora
Harimo kugenzura ubushyuhe, kugenzura ubushyuhe, ubwinshi bwikirere no kugenzura umuvuduko, gufungura ibihe no kugenzura igihe, nibindi.
(8). Sisitemu yo gutanga amazi no kuvoma
Imiterere ya sisitemu, guhitamo imiyoboro, gushyira imiyoboro, ibikoresho byo gutemba hamwe nuburyo buto bwo gutemba, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza isuku, ibi bipimo, imiterere ya sisitemu yo gushiraho no kuyishyiraho, nibindi.
Inganda zibiribwa, sitasiyo yubugenzuzi, inganda za elegitoroniki, ibitaro, inganda zita ku buzima, ikirere, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi, inganda z’imiti, microelectronics, icyumba cy’isuku ry’ibinyabuzima n’izindi nganda zitanga ubwoko butandukanye n’icyiciro 100000 cy’isuku y’amahugurwa asukuye hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka ikirere, gushiraho no kubaka, gutangiza, serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha nibindi bisubizo muri rusange. Laboratoire ya biosafety yateguwe nisosiyete yacu yemeza ubwubatsi kandi yujuje ibyangombwa byububiko rusange bwububiko.
2. Ibisabwa muri serivisi yisuku
(1). Serivisi zo mu isuku
① Gutegura no kuvugurura ubwiherero bukonjesha ikirere hamwe na laboratoire isukuye, idafite umukungugu na sterile yinzego zitandukanye zo kweza, ibisabwa nibikorwa na gahunda yo hasi.
Kuvugurura ubwiherero hamwe nibisabwa byihariye nkumuvuduko ukabije ugereranije, ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwirinda umuriro no guturika, gukumira amajwi no gucecekesha, sterilisation ikora neza, kwangiza no kwangiza, hamwe na anti-static.
Kubaka amatara, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ingufu, sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyuma byikora bihuza ubwiherero.
3. Gusaba isuku
(1). Ubwiherero bwibitaro byibitaro
Ubwiherero bwibinyabuzima bwibitaro burimo ahanini ibyumba byo gukoreramo hamwe n’ahantu hasukuye. Ibitaro bisukuye byibitaro ni ahantu hagenzurwa cyane ibihumyo kugirango birinde abarwayi kwandura cyangwa guteza ingaruka zikomeye.
(2). Laboratoire y'urwego rwa P.
Laboratoire ya P3 ni laboratoire ya biosafety urwego 3. Laboratoire ya biosafety igabanijwemo inzego enye ukurikije urugero rw’ibyangiza mikorobe n’uburozi bwabyo, urwego rwa 1 rukaba ruto kandi urwego rwa 4 rukaba ruri hejuru. Bagabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: urwego rw'utugingo n'urwego rw'inyamaswa, kandi urwego rw'inyamaswa rugabanijwemo urwego ruto rw'inyamaswa n'urwego runini rw'inyamaswa. Laboratoire ya mbere ya P3 mu gihugu cyanjye yubatswe mu 1987 kandi yakoreshejwe cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi bwa sida.
Laboratoire yaP4 bivuga laboratoire ya biosafety yo mu rwego rwa 4, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi bw’indwara zanduza cyane. Nurwego rwohejuru rwa laboratoire ya biosafety kwisi. Nta laboratoire nk'iyi mu Bushinwa muri iki gihe. Nk’uko impuguke zibishinzwe zibitangaza, ingamba z'umutekano za laboratoire ya P4 zirakomeye kuruta iz'ibizamini bya P3. Abashakashatsi ntibagomba kwambara imyenda irinda gusa, ahubwo banatwara silindiri ya ogisijeni iyo binjiye.
(3). Ubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bwinganda namahugurwa
Uburyo bwubwubatsi bushobora kugabanywamo ubwubatsi nubwoko bwateguwe.
Sisitemu y'amahugurwa yateguwe agizwe ahanini na sisitemu yo gutanga ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, sisitemu yo gusubiza ikirere, kugaruka kwumwuka, igice gisohoka, imiterere yikigo, ibikoresho byogusukura abantu, ibikoresho byambere, hagati ndetse no murwego rwohejuru byungurura ikirere, sisitemu ya gazi namazi, ingufu n'amatara, kugenzura ibidukikije bikora no gutabaza, kurinda umuriro, itumanaho no kuvura hasi.
①GMP isukura amahugurwa asukuye:
Ibihe byo guhindura ikirere: icyiciro 100000 times15 inshuro; icyiciro 10000 ≥20 inshuro; icyiciro 1000 ≥30 inshuro.
Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko: amahugurwa yingenzi mubyumba byegeranye ≥5Pa;
Impuzandengo yumuyaga mwinshi: icyiciro 100 cyamahugurwa asukuye 03-0.5m / s;
Ubushyuhe:> 16 ℃ mu gihe cy'itumba; <26 ℃ mu ci; ihindagurika ± 2 ℃. Ubushuhe 45-65%; ubuhehere mu mahugurwa asukuye ya GMP nibyiza 50%; ubuhehere mu mahugurwa ya elegitoronike buri hejuru gato kugirango wirinde amashanyarazi ahamye. Urusaku ≤65dB (A); umwuka mwiza wuzuye ni 10% -30% byumwuka wose; kumurika: 300LX.
②GMP ibikoresho byubaka amahugurwa:
Urukuta hamwe nigisenge cyamahugurwa asukuye mubusanzwe bikozwe mubyuma bya sandwich 50mm yibyuma, nibyiza kandi bikomeye. Inzugi za Arc imfuruka, idirishya ryamadirishya, nibindi bisanzwe bikozwe muburyo bwihariye bwa aluminiyumu;
Igorofa irashobora kuba ikozwe muri epoxy iringaniza cyangwa igorofa yo mu rwego rwo hejuru idashobora kwihanganira. Niba hari anti-static isabwa, ubwoko bwa anti-static burashobora gutoranywa;
Imiyoboro yo gutanga ikirere no kugaruka ikozwe mu rupapuro rushyushye, kandi urupapuro rwa plastiki rwa flame-retardant PF rufite isuku nziza hamwe no kubungabunga ubushyuhe rwanditseho;
Agasanduku ka hepa gakoresha ikariso idafite ingese, nziza kandi isukuye, kandi isahani ya mesh isobekeranye ikoresha isahani ya aluminiyumu irangi, irinda ingese kandi itagira umukungugu kandi byoroshye kuyisukura.
(4). Ubwubatsi bwa elegitoroniki nu mubiri
Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibyumba bya mudasobwa, inganda za semiconductor, inganda zimodoka, inganda zo mu kirere, Photolithography, inganda za microcomputer nizindi nganda. Usibye isuku y’ikirere, birakenewe kandi ko ibisabwa kugirango anti-static byuzuzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2025