Umushinga wa Cleanroom uvuga isohoka ry’imyanda nk’uduce duto, umwuka wangiza, bagiteri, nibindi mu kirere kiri mu kirere runaka, no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu, isuku, umuvuduko w’umwuka, umuvuduko w’umwuka n’ikwirakwizwa ryawo, urusaku ruhindagurika, amatara, amashanyarazi adahindagurika, nibindi biri mu cyiciro runaka gikenewe. Tuwita umushinga w’ibidukikije nk’umushinga wa cleanroom. Umushinga wuzuye wa cleanroom ukubiyemo ibintu byinshi, birimo ibice umunani: sisitemu yo gushushanya no kubungabunga imiterere, sisitemu ya HVAC, sisitemu yo guhumeka n’ibyuka bisohora umwuka, sisitemu yo kurinda inkongi, sisitemu y’amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gutunganya imiyoboro, sisitemu yo kugenzura yikora n’isitemu yo gutanga amazi n’imiyoboro. Ibi bice byose hamwe bigize sisitemu yuzuye y’umushinga wa cleanroom kugira ngo ugenzure imikorere n’ingaruka zawo.
1. Sisitemu ya Clenroom
(1). Sisitemu yo gushushanya no kubungabunga imiterere
Imitako n'imitako by'umushinga w'icyumba cyo gusukura ubusanzwe bikubiyemo imitako yihariye y'imiterere y'icyumba cyo gukingira nk'ubutaka, igisenge n'igice cyo kugabanyamo ibice. Muri make, ibi bice bitwikira ubuso butandatu bw'umwanya ufunze ufite imiterere itatu, ni ukuvuga hejuru, urukuta n'ubutaka. Byongeye kandi, harimo n'inzugi, amadirishya n'ibindi bice byo gushushanya. Bitandukanye n'imitako rusange yo mu rugo n'imitako y'inganda, umushinga w'icyumba cyo gusukura wibanda cyane ku mahame yihariye yo gushushanya n'ibisobanuro birambuye kugira ngo urebe ko ahantu hujuje amahame yihariye y'isuku n'isuku.
(2). Sisitemu ya HVAC
Ikubiyemo icyuma gikonjesha (amazi ashyushye) (harimo ipompo y'amazi, umunara wo gukonjesha, nibindi) kandi urwego rw'imashini ikonjesha umwuka n'ibindi bikoresho, umuyoboro w'umwuka ukonjesha, agasanduku k'umwuka ukonjesha hamwe (harimo igice cy'amazi avanze, igice cy'ingaruka z'ibanze, igice cy'ubushyuhe, igice cyo gukonjesha, igice cyo gukuraho ubushuhe, igice cy'umuvuduko, igice cy'ingaruka ziciriritse, igice cy'umuvuduko udahinduka, nibindi) nabyo byitabwaho.
(3). Uburyo bwo guhumeka n'ibyuka bisohora umwuka
Sisitemu yo guhumeka ni ibikoresho byuzuye bigizwe n'aho umwuka winjirira, aho usohora umwuka uva, umuyoboro w'umwuka utanga umwuka, umufana, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no gushyushya, akayunguruzo, sisitemu yo kugenzura n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera. Sisitemu yo guhumeka ni sisitemu yose igizwe n'agapfundikizo k'umwuka uva cyangwa aho umwuka winjirira, ibikoresho byo gusukura n'umufana.
(4). Sisitemu yo kurinda inkongi
Inzira y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, amatara y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, ikinyabiziga gishyushya amazi, kizimya umuriro, umuyoboro w'umuriro, ibikoresho byo kumenyesha byikora, icyuma gifunga imizigo kidacana umuriro, nibindi.
(5). Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi
Irimo ibice bitatu: amatara, ingufu n'umuriro udakomeye, cyane cyane amatara yo gusukura, amasoko, utubati tw'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro, uburyo bwo kugenzura no gukoresha telefoni n'izindi sisitemu zikomeye kandi zidakomeye z'umuriro.
(6). Sisitemu yo gutunganya imiyoboro
Mu mushinga w’icyumba cyo gusukura, ahanini ukubiyemo: imiyoboro ya gazi, imiyoboro y’ibikoresho, imiyoboro y’amazi meza, imiyoboro y’amazi akoreshwa mu gutera, umwuka, imiyoboro y’umwuka mwiza, imiyoboro y’amazi y’ibanze, imiyoboro y’amazi izenguruka, imiyoboro y’amazi isohora amazi n’isohoka, imiyoboro y’amazi ikonjesha, imiyoboro y’amazi akonjesha, n’ibindi.
(7). Sisitemu yo kugenzura yikora
Harimo kugenzura ubushyuhe, kugenzura ubushyuhe, kugenzura ingano y'umwuka n'umuvuduko, uburyo bwo gufungura no kugenzura igihe, n'ibindi.
(8). Sisitemu yo gutanga amazi n'imiyoboro y'amazi
Imiterere ya sisitemu, guhitamo imiyoboro, gushyiraho imiyoboro, ibikoresho byo gukurura amazi n'imiterere mito y'amazi, sisitemu yo gusukura, ibi bipimo, imiterere n'imitangire ya sisitemu yo gukurura amazi, n'ibindi.
Inganda z'ibiribwa, sitasiyo yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, inganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibitaro, inganda z'ubuvuzi, ibigo by'indege, ibigo by'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, inganda z'imiti, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bito, ibyumba byo gusukura ibinyabuzima n'izindi nganda bitanga ubwoko butandukanye n'urwego rw'isuku rw'icyiciro cya 100000 cy'amaduka asukuye n'icyumba cyo gusukura, gushyiraho no kubaka, gutanga serivisi, serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha n'ibindi bisubizo rusange. Laboratwari y'umutekano w'ibinyabuzima yakozwe n'ikigo cyacu yemeza ubuziranenge bw'inyubako kandi yujuje ibisabwa n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inyubako rusange.
2. Ibisabwa mu isuku
(1). Serivisi zo gusukura
① Gushushanya no kuvugurura ibyumba by'isuku bifite icyuma gikonjesha n'amabaraza meza, adafite ivumbi kandi asukuye yo mu rwego rutandukanye rwo gusukura, ibisabwa mu gutunganya no gushushanya igorofa.
② Kuvugurura ibyumba by'isuku bifite ibisabwa byihariye nko gushyuha cyane, ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukumira inkongi n'ibiturika, gukingira urusaku no gucecekesha, gukingira neza impanuka, gukuraho uburozi no gukuraho impumuro mbi, no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
③ Kubaka amatara, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, sisitemu zo kugenzura amashanyarazi na sisitemu zo kugenzura ikirere zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zijyanye n'icyumba cyo gusukura.
3. Porogaramu zo gusukura
(1). Isuku y'ibinyabuzima mu bitaro
Ibyumba by’isuku by’ibitaro ahanini birimo ibyumba byo kubagamo bisukuye n’ibyumba bisukuye. Ibyumba by’isuku by’ibitaro ahanini ni ahantu hagenzurwa cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ko abarwayi bandura cyangwa ngo bagire ingaruka zikomeye.
(2). Laboratwari z'uruhererekane rw'urwego rwa P
① Laboratwari za P3 ni laboratwari zo ku rwego rwa 3 rw’umutekano w’ibinyabuzima. Laboratwari zo ku rwego rwa 4 z’umutekano w’ibinyabuzima zigabanyijemo ibice bine bitewe n’ingano y’ingaruka mbi z’udukoko duto n’uburozi bwatwo, aho urwego rwa 1 ari hasi naho urwego rwa 4 ruri hejuru. Zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: urwego rw’uturemangingo n’urwego rw’inyamaswa, naho urwego rw’inyamaswa rugabanyijemo urwego rw’inyamaswa nto n’urwego rw’inyamaswa nini. Laboratwari ya mbere ya P3 mu gihugu cyanjye yubatswe mu 1987 kandi yakoreshejwe cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi ku ndwara ya SIDA.
Laboratwari ya ②P4 yerekeza kuri laboratwari y’umutekano w’ibinyabuzima ku rwego rwa 4, ikoreshwa by’umwihariko mu bushakashatsi ku ndwara zandura cyane. Ni yo laboratwari yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku isi. Nta laboratwari nk’iyo ibaho mu Bushinwa muri iki gihe. Nk’uko impuguke zibishinzwe zibivuga, ingamba z’umutekano za laboratwari ya P4 zirakomeye kurusha iza laboratwari ya P3. Abashakashatsi ntibagomba kwambara imyenda irinda umubiri gusa, ahubwo bagomba no gutwara uturindantoki tw’umwuka iyo binjira.
(3). Ubwubatsi bw'inganda n'ibigo by'isuku
Uburyo bwo kubaka bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bw'ubwubatsi bw'ubwubatsi n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byateguwe mbere.
Sisitemu yo gusukura yakozwe mbere igizwe ahanini na sisitemu yo gutanga umwuka ushyushye, sisitemu yo gusubiza umwuka, umwuka usohoka, icyuma gisohora umwuka, imiterere y’aho hantu, ibikoresho bisukura abantu n’ibikoresho, kuyungurura umwuka w’ibanze, uwo hagati n’uwo hejuru, sisitemu ya gazi n’amazi, ingufu n’amatara, kugenzura no gutanga amakuru ku bipimo by’aho bakorera, kurinda inkongi, itumanaho no kuvura hasi hadahinduka.
①Ibipimo byo gusukura ikigo gisukuye cya GMP:
Igihe cyo guhindura ikirere: icyiciro inshuro 100000 ≥15; icyiciro inshuro 10000 ≥20; icyiciro inshuro 1000 ≥30.
Itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko: aho bategurira akazi gakomeye mu cyumba cyegeranye ≥5Pa;
Umuvuduko w'umwuka usanzwe: ishuri rya 100 risukuye 03-0.5m/s;
Ubushyuhe: >16℃ mu gihe cy'itumba; <26℃ mu mpeshyi; ihindagurika ±2℃. Ubushuhe 45-65%; ubushuhe mu iduka rya GMP risukuye ni byiza ko riba hafi 50%; ubushuhe mu iduka rya elegitoroniki ni bwinshi gato kugira ngo hirindwe amashanyarazi adahindagurika. Urusaku ≤65dB(A); inyongeramusaruro y'umwuka mwiza ni 10%-30% by'umwuka wose utangwa; urumuri: 300LX.
②Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya GMP mu iduka:
Inkuta n'igisenge by'aho hantu hasukuye muri rusange bikozwe mu byuma bifite ubugari bwa mm 50, bikaba ari byiza kandi bikomeye. Inzugi z'imfuruka, amadirishya, n'ibindi muri rusange bikozwe mu buryo bwihariye bwa aluminiyumu ya anodized;
Hasi ishobora gukorwa mu butaka bupima epoxy cyangwa mu butaka bwa pulasitiki bushobora kwangirika cyane. Iyo hari ibisabwa mu butaka burwanya static, ubwoko burwanya static bushobora gutoranywa;
Imiyoboro y'umwuka n'imiyoboro igarura umwuka ikozwe mu ibati rishyushye, kandi ipantalo ya pulasitiki ya PF irinda umuriro ifite ubushobozi bwo gusukura no kubungabunga ubushyuhe irashyirwaho;
Agasanduku ka hepa gakoresha icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese, cyiza kandi gisukuye, naho agasanduku k'imigozi gafite imyenge gakoresha agasanduku ka aluminiyumu gashushanyijeho irangi, karinda ingese n'umukungugu kandi koroshye koza.
(4). Ubwubatsi bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'iby'isuku
Muri rusange bikoreshwa ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibyumba bya mudasobwa, inganda za semiconductor, inganda z'imodoka, inganda z'indege, fotolithography, inganda zikora mudasobwa nto n'izindi nganda. Uretse isuku y'umwuka, ni ngombwa kandi kugenzura ko ibisabwa mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere byujuje ibisabwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2025