Icyumba cyo gusura ibiryo gikeneye guhura nicyiciro cya 100000 ikirere. Kubaka ibiryo bisukuye ibiryo birashobora kugabanya ibintu byangiritse neza nibikorwa byibicuruzwa byakozwe, bigura ubuzima bwiza bwibiryo, no kunoza imikorere yumusaruro.
1. Icyumba gisukuye niki?
Icyumba gisukuye, nanone cyitwa umukungugu wubusa, reba ku gukuraho ibintu, umwuka wangiza, bagiteri hamwe nizindi ndunduro, ihungabana ryumuyaga, urusaku, kunyeganyega , kumurika, n'amashanyarazi ahamye agenzurwa mubisabwa runaka, kandi icyumba cyateguwe cyihariye. Ibyo ni ukuvuga, nubwo ibintu bigize ikirere byo hanze bihinduka gute, imitungo yo hanze yo hanze irashobora gukomeza ibyifuzo byisuku, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe nigitutu.
Niki cyiciro 100000 icyumba gisukuye? Kubishyira mu buryo bworoshye, umubare wibice hamwe na diameter ya ≥0.5 μm kuri metero Cubic wikirere mumahugurwa ntabwo arenga miliyoni 3.52. Umubare wabace gake mu kirere, umukungugu muto wumukungugu na mikorobe, hamwe nisuku. Icyumba gisukuye cya 100000 kirasaba kandi amahugurwa yo guhana umwuka inshuro 15-19 mu isaha, kandi igihe cyo kweza ikirere nyuma yo guhana ikirere kidakwiye kurenga iminota 40.
2. Igice cyakarere cyicyumba gisukuye
Muri rusange, icyumba gisukuye ibiryo gishobora kugabanywa hafi mubice bitatu: ahantu rusange umusaruro, ahantu hasukuye, hamwe n'ahantu umusaruro usukuye.
(1). Agace ka Rusange (ahantu hadasukuye): Ibicuruzwa rusange byarangiye, ibicuruzwa byarangiye, ibikoresho byo kwimura ibicuruzwa bigufi hamwe nibicuruzwa byarangiye, nko gupakira hanze, abafasha Ububiko bwibintu, Gupakira ububiko bwibikoresho, icyumba cyo gupakira hanze, nibindi. Amahugurwa yo gupakira, ububiko bwibicuruzwa byarangiye, nibindi
(2). Agace kafasha gasukuye: Ibisabwa ni icya kabiri, nko gutunganya ibintu fatizo, gupakira ibintu, gupakira, icyumba cyo gutunganya, kutitegura-gupakira icyumba cyarangiye hamwe Ibicuruzwa biratunganywa ariko ntibigaragare.
(3). Ahantu ho gutanga umusaruro: bivuga aho uhwanye n'ibidukikije byinshi by'isuku, abakozi benshi b'ibidukikije, kandi bagomba kugandurwa mbere yo kwinjira, nko gutunganya ibintu fatizo biragaragaramo, ibyumba bikonje byo kurya , hamwe n'ibyumba bikonje byo kurya ibiryo. Icyumba cyo kubikamo kwitegura-kurya ibiryo kugirango upake, icyumba cyo gupakira imbere cyo kwitegura-kurya ibiryo, nibindi.
① Icyumba gisukuye ibiryo kigomba kwirinda amasoko yimyenda, kwanduza kwambuka, kuvanga namakosa kurwego runini mugihe cyo guhitamo urubuga, igishushanyo, imiterere, kubaka no kuvugurura no kuvugurura no kuvugurura.
② Ibidukikije bifite isuku kandi bifite isuku, kandi urujya n'uruza rw'abantu n'ibikoresho birahumvikana.
تا gikwiye kuba ingamba zo kugenzura kugirango zikumire abantu batabifitiye uburenganzira kwinjira.
④tanga amakuru yubaka no kurangiza.
⑤ Inyubako zifite umwuka mwinshi mugihe cyimikorere igomba kubakwa kuruhande rwamanutse yuruganda aho icyerekezo cyumuyaga ari kinini cyumwaka.
⑥ Iyo gahunda yumusaruro bigira ingaruka ku wundi munyubako imwe, hagomba kubaho ingamba zifatika zibiciro bigize umusaruro. Umusaruro wibicuruzwa bisembuye bigomba kugira amahugurwa ya fermentation.
3. Ibisabwa mu bice bisukuye
① Inzira isaba kuringaniza ariko ntishobora gushyira mubikorwa sterilisation kandi itunganya ishobora kugera kuri terntilial stomilisation ariko ikorerwa ikinyabupfura nyuma yo kugabana mugihe cyo gutanga umusaruro.
② Ahantu hasangwa neza hamwe nibidukikije byisukuye byisuku bigomba kubamo ububiko hamwe nibikoresho byangirika kubicuruzwa byangiritse cyangwa gupakira ibice byanyuma cyangwa gupakira ibicuruzwa byanyuma bidashobora Balikishe iboherwa, igipimo cyibicuruzwa, ibikoresho byo kubumba, ibidukikije byangiza nyuma yibicuruzwa, ahantu ho gupakira ibintu byimbere hamwe nicyumba cyo gupakira imbere, hamwe no kugenzura no kugenzura no kugenzura Ibyumba byo gutanga umusaruro, Gutezimbere Ibiranga ibiryo cyangwa kubungabunga, nibindi
③I ahantu hasangwa umusaruro ukwiye gushyirwaho neza ukurikije imikorere yumusaruro hamwe nibisabwa byicyumba gisukuye. Imiterere yumurongo Imiterere ntigomba gutera abamburwa no guhagarika.
Amahugurwa atandukanye afitanye isano mumwanya wo kubyara agomba kuba yujuje ibikenewe muburyo butandukanye. Nibiba ngombwa, ibyumba bya buffer hamwe nizindi ngamba zo gukumira kwamburwa kwambuka bigomba gutangwa. Agace k'icyumba cya buffer ntigomba kuba munsi ya metero kare 3.
⑤ Ibikoresho bibisi Mbere yo gutunganya no kurangiza ibicuruzwa ntibishobora gukoresha ahantu hamwe.
⑥ Shira ku ruhande agace n'umwanya mu mahugurwa yo gukora umusaruro ubereye igipimo cyo gukora nk'igice gito cyo kubikamo ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kandi byambukiranya, urujijo rugomba gukumirwa.
Icyumba cyo kugenzura kigomba gushyirwaho mu bwigenge, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo guhangana n'imbaraga zayo no kumerika. Niba hari ibisabwa bisukuye mu buryo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa, ibikorwa bisukuye bigomba gushyirwaho.
4. Ibisabwa mu bipimo byo gukurikirana isuku mu turere dutunganya ibiribwa
Ibidukikije byo gutunganya ibiryo nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku biribwa. Kubwibyo, umuyoboro wumufatanyabikorwa wikoreye ubushakashatsi kandi uganire ku bisabwa byogukurikirana kugirango ukoreshe ikirere mu turere dutunganya ibiribwa.
(1). Ibisabwasukura ibisabwa mumahame n'amabwiriza
Kugeza ubu, Uruhushya rwo Gusubiramo Uruhushya rwo gutanga umusaruro ku binyobwa n'ibikomoka ku mata byasaga neza ibisabwa mu kirere mu turere dusukuye. Ibinyobwa bitangazwa ibinyomoro byibiciro (2017) Guteganya ko isuku mu kirere (yahagaritswe, ya bagiteri zisukuye yo kunywa amazi 10000 mugihe gihagaze, kandi ikigize cyuzuye kigomba kugera ku ishuri 100, cyangwa isuku rusange igomba kugera ku ishuri 1000; Carbohydtes ibinyobwa bya karbohyte ahantu hashobora gukora neza bigomba kwemeza ko inshuro zifunze ikirere zirenga 10 / h; Ahantu ho gusukura ibikorwa bisukura bifite ibisabwa mu kirere bitandukanye bishingiye kubiranga hamwe nibisabwa muburyo butandukanye bwibinyobwa bikomeye;
Ubundi bwoko bwibinyanyi n'ibinyobwa byakazi bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mu kirere bihuye. Isuku yumwuka mugihe hagomba kugera byibuze ibyiciro 100000, nkumusaruro wibicuruzwa bitaziguye nkibintu byibanze (imitobe, imyumbati) kubibazo byibiribwa, nibindi bisabwa birashobora gutambuke.
Isubiramo rirambuye Amategeko yo gutanga uruhushya rwo gukora ibicuruzwa byamagari (verisiyo ya 2010) hamwe na "Umutekano wibiribwa Byibanze Bwerekana Ibicuruzwa byamavuta" (GB12693) Gusaba umubare rusange wa bagiteri Ahantu hagomba kugenzurwa hepfo 30cfu / isahani, hamwe namategeko arambuye kandi asaba ko ikigo gitanga raporo yumwaka ushinzwe ikibuga cyisuku cyumwaka cyatanzwe nubugenzuzi bubi.
Muri "GB 14881-2013) Ibisobanuro by'isumituni bishingiye ku bicuruzwa, ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibicuruzwa no gukurikirana imishinga y'ibidukikije muri ako gace gakoreshwa mu buryo butunganijwe ahanini bigaragarira mu buryo Umugereka, utanga amasosiyete akora ibiryo atanga umurongo ngenderwaho.
Kurugero, "umutekano wibiribwa mu biribwa kandi ufite isuku ku musaruro w'ibinyobwa" (GB 12695) birasaba gusukura umwuka mwiza (gukemura bagiteri ((φ10m · 0.5h).
(2). Ibisabwa kugirango ukurikirane ibipimo byurwego rutandukanye rwisuku
Ukurikije amakuru yavuzwe haruguru, urashobora kugaragara ko ibisabwa kugirango isuku mu kirere muburyo busanzwe bugamije ahanini ahantu hasasura umusaruro. Dukurikije ibivugwa mu bikorwa muri GB1481: "Ahantu hasangwa mu buryo busukuye ubusanzwe harimo ububiko n'ibikoresho byangirika mbere yo gukonjesha cyangwa kwitegura ibiryo byangiritse, ibicuruzwa byarangiye, hamwe n'ibikoresho byangiza kandi ibicuruzwa byuzura ahantu haturika ibiryo bitari byoroshye. Ahantu hagaragara ingamba zoroshye ingaruka. "
Amategeko arambuye yo gusuzuma ibinyobwa n'ibipimo by'amata asaba ko ibipimo ngenderwaho bishinzwe ikirere birimo ibice byahagaritswe na mikorobe, kandi birakenewe guhora dukurikirana niba isuku y'akazi gasukuye ari hejuru. GB 12695 na GB 12693 bisaba bagiteri yimyanda kugirango upimirwe ukurikije uburyo busanzwe bwo kwikuramo muri GB / T 18204.3.
"Umutekano w'ibiribwa mu biribwa byiza mu masoko y'ibiryo bya formulation ku mpamvu zidasanzwe z'ubuvuzi zidasanzwe" (GB 29923) hamwe na Belings ibiryo by'imikino ". Bitangwa na Beijing Ibiryo by'imikino" gupimwa hakurikijwe GB / T 16292. Imiterere ni static.
5. Ni gute gahunda isukuye ikora?
Mode 1: Ihame ryakazi ryigice cyo gukora ikirere + sisitemu yo hejuru yicyumba + Icyumba Cyiza cya Hepa + Gusunika Icyumba Cyiza Cyamahugurwa yo mucyumba gisukuye kugirango ugere ku isuku isabwa umusaruro.
Uburyo bwa 2: Ihame ryakazi rya Air FFU Inganda ryinganda ryashyizwe ku gisenge cyamahugurwa meza yo gutanga umwuka usukuye + gusubiza sisitemu yo mu kirere + Iyi fomu muri rusange ikoreshwa mubihe bisabwa isuku ibidukikije bitari hejuru cyane, kandi ikiguzi kirake cyane. Nko gukora ibiryo umusaruro wibiribwa, imishinga isanzwe yumubiri na shimi, ibyumba byo gupakira ibicuruzwa, amahugurwa yo kwisiga, nibindi.
Guhitamo ibishushanyo bitandukanye byo gutanga ikirere no gusubiza sisitemu yo mubyumba bisukuye nimpamvu zikomeye muguhitamo urwego rutandukanye rwibyumba bisukuye.
Igihe cyagenwe: Ukwakira-19-2023