Icyumba gisukuye ibiryo gikeneye kuba cyujuje ibyiciro 100000 byogusukura ikirere. Kubaka icyumba gisukuye kirashobora kugabanya neza kwangirika no gukura kwibicuruzwa byakozwe, byongera ubuzima bwiza bwibiribwa, kandi bikazamura umusaruro.
1. Icyumba gisukuye ni iki?
Icyumba gisukuye, nanone cyitwa icyumba kitagira umukungugu, bivuga kurandura uduce duto, umwuka wangiza, bagiteri n’indi myanda ihumanya ikirere mu kirere runaka, kandi ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu, isuku, umuvuduko w’imbere mu muvuduko, umuvuduko w’ikirere no gukwirakwiza ikirere, urusaku, kunyeganyega, urumuri, n’amashanyarazi bihamye bigenzurwa mu buryo runaka busabwa, kandi hatanzwe icyumba cyabugenewe. Nukuvuga ko, uko ikirere cyo hanze cyahinduka kose, imiterere yacyo irashobora kugumya ibisabwa byambere byogusukura, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe nigitutu.
Icyumba cy'icyumba 100000 ni iki? Tubivuze mu buryo bworoshe, igitigiri c'ibice bifite umurambararo wa .5 0.5 mkm kuri metero kibe y'umwuka mu mahugurwa ntabwo kirenga miliyoni 3.52. Umubare muto wibice byo mu kirere, ni nako umubare w’umukungugu na mikorobe bigabanuka, hamwe n’umwuka mwiza. Icyumba 100000 icyumba gisukuye gisaba kandi amahugurwa guhana umwuka inshuro 15-19 kumasaha, kandi igihe cyo kweza ikirere nyuma yo guhanahana ikirere ntigomba kurenza iminota 40.
2. Kugabana akarere ibyumba bisukuye
Muri rusange, icyumba gisukuye ibiryo gishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: ahakorerwa umusaruro rusange, ahantu hasukuye hafashwa, n’ahantu hasukuye hasukuye.
(1). Agace rusange k’umusaruro (ahantu hadasukuye): ibikoresho rusange, ibicuruzwa byarangiye, ahantu ho kubika ibikoresho, ahapakirwa ibicuruzwa byarangiye hamwe n’utundi turere dufite ibyago bike byo guhura n’ibikoresho fatizo n’ibicuruzwa byarangiye, nk'icyumba cyo gupakira hanze, ububiko bw’ibikoresho bifasha ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gupakira, icyumba cyo gupakira hanze, n'ibindi. Amahugurwa yo gupakira, ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa, n'ibindi.
(2). Agace gasukuye gafasha: Ibisabwa ni ibya kabiri, nko gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo, gutunganya ibikoresho byo gupakira, gupakira, icyumba cya buffer (icyumba cyo gupakurura), icyumba rusange cyo gutunganya no gutunganya, icyumba kitari cyiteguye-kurya-ibyumba byo gupakira imbere hamwe n’ibindi bicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa ariko ntibigaragare neza.
(3). Ahantu hasukuye hasukuye: bivuga ahantu hasabwa cyane cyane ibidukikije bifite isuku, abakozi benshi nibisabwa n’ibidukikije, kandi bigomba kwanduzwa no guhindurwa mbere yo kwinjira, nko: gutunganya ahantu hagaragara ibikoresho fatizo n’ibicuruzwa byarangiye, ibyumba bitunganyirizwamo ubukonje ku biribwa biribwa, n’ibyumba bikonjesha ibiryo byiteguye kurya. Icyumba cyo kubikamo ibiryo byiteguye-kurya-bipakirwa, icyumba cyo gupakira imbere ibiryo byiteguye-kurya, nibindi.
Room Icyumba gisukuye ibiryo kigomba kwirinda inkomoko y’umwanda, kwanduzanya, kuvanga namakosa ku rugero runini mugihe cyo gutoranya ibibanza, gushushanya, imiterere, kubaka no kuvugurura.
EnvironmentUruganda rwibidukikije rufite isuku kandi rufite isuku, kandi urujya n'uruza rw'abantu n'ibikoresho birumvikana.
HereHakagombye kubaho ingamba zikwiye zo kugenzura uburyo bwo gukumira abantu batabifitiye uburenganzira.
Kubika amakuru yo kubaka no kubaka.
⑤ Inyubako zifite umwanda mwinshi mu gihe cyo kubyara umusaruro zigomba kubakwa kuruhande rwamanuka rwuruganda aho icyerekezo cyumuyaga aricyo kinini mumwaka.
⑥ Iyo inzira yumusaruro igira ingaruka zidakwiriye kuba mu nyubako imwe, hagomba kubaho ingamba zifatika zo kugabana hagati y’umusaruro wabyo. Umusaruro wibicuruzwa byasembuwe bigomba kugira amahugurwa yabugenewe.
3. Ibisabwa ahakorerwa umusaruro usukuye
① Inzira zisaba kutabyara ariko ntizishobora gushyira mubikorwa uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro hamwe nibikorwa bishobora kugera kuri sterisizione ariko bigakorwa muburyo butemewe nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro bigomba gukorerwa ahantu hasukuye.
Ahantu hasukuye hasukuye hasukuye ibidukikije hasukuye hagomba kubikwa ahantu ho guhunika no gutunganyiriza ibiryo byangirika, biteguye-kurya-igice cyarangije ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byarangiye mbere yo gukonjesha cyangwa gupakira, hamwe n’ahantu ho gutunganyirizwa mbere y’ibikoresho fatizo bidashobora guhagarikwa burundu, gufunga ibicuruzwa, hamwe n’ibibumbano, ibidukikije byerekanwe aho gutunganyiriza ibicuruzwa, hamwe n’ahantu hateganyirizwa ibiribwa, hamwe n’ibyumba by’imbere, kubungabunga, n'ibindi
AreaAhantu hasukuye hasukuye hagomba gushyirwaho muburyo bukurikije umusaruro kandi hasabwa ibyiciro byicyumba gisukuye. Imiterere yumurongo wumusaruro ntigomba gutera kwambuka no guhagarara.
Amahugurwa atandukanye ahujwe mugace k’umusaruro agomba guhuza ibikenewe byubwoko butandukanye. Nibiba ngombwa, ibyumba bya buffer nizindi ngamba zo gukumira kwanduzanya bigomba gutangwa. Ubuso bwicyumba cya buffer ntibugomba kuba munsi ya metero kare 3.
Material Ibikoresho byibanze mbere yo gutunganya no kurangiza ibicuruzwa ntibigomba gukoresha ahantu hasukuye.
⑥ Shyira ku ruhande umwanya n'umwanya mu mahugurwa y’umusaruro ubereye igipimo cy’umusaruro nk'ahantu ho kubika by'agateganyo ibikoresho, ibicuruzwa hagati, ibicuruzwa bigomba kugenzurwa n'ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kandi kurenga, urujijo no kwanduza bigomba gukumirwa rwose.
RoomIcyumba cy'ubugenzuzi kigomba gushyirwaho mu bwigenge, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikwiye zo guhangana n’imyanda n’amazi. Niba hari ibyangombwa bisukuye byumwuka mubikorwa byo kugenzura ibicuruzwa, hagomba gushyirwaho intebe yakazi.
4. Ibisabwa kugirango ibipimo ngenderwaho bigenzura isuku ahantu hatunganyirizwa ibiryo
Ibidukikije bitunganya ibiribwa ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku kwihaza mu biribwa. Kubwibyo, umufatanyabikorwa wibiribwa yakoze imbere mubushakashatsi no kuganira kubisabwa kugirango harebwe ibipimo ngenderwaho kugirango isuku y’ikirere itunganyirizwe.
(1). Ibisabwa kugira isuku mubipimo ngenderwaho
Kugeza ubu, amategeko yo gusuzuma uruhushya rwo gukora ku binyobwa n’ibikomoka ku mata afite ibyangombwa bisukuye by’ikirere ahantu hasukuye. Amategeko yo gusuzuma uruhushya rwo gutanga ibinyobwa (verisiyo ya 2017) ateganya ko isuku y’ikirere (uduce duto twahagaritswe, bacteri zo mu bwoko bwa sedimentation bacteri) y’ahantu hapakiye amazi y’amazi yapakiye hagomba kugera ku cyiciro 10000 igihe gihamye, naho igice cyuzuye kigomba kugera ku cyiciro cya 100, cyangwa isuku muri rusange ikaba igera ku cyiciro cya 1000; ibinyobwa bya karubone (hydratif) Ahantu ho gukorera hagomba kwemezwa ko inshuro zuzenguruka ikirere zirenze inshuro 10 / h; ahantu hakorerwa ibikorwa byo gusukura ibinyobwa bikomeye bifite ibyangombwa bitandukanye byogusukura ikirere hashingiwe kubiranga nibisabwa muburyo butandukanye bwibinyobwa bikomeye;
Ubundi bwoko bwibikorwa byogusukura ibinyobwa bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisukura ikirere. Isuku yo mu kirere iyo ihagaze igomba kugera nibura mu byiciro 100000 bisabwa, nko gukora ibicuruzwa bitanywa mu buryo butaziguye nk'amazi yibanze (imitobe, pulps) mu nganda y'ibiribwa, n'ibindi. Iki cyifuzo gishobora kuvaho.
Amategeko arambuye yerekeye uburyo bwo gutanga uruhushya rwo gukora ibikomoka ku mata (verisiyo ya 2010) hamwe n "" Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa cyiza cyo gukora ibikomoka ku mata "(GB12693) bisaba ko umubare rusange w’abakoloni bo mu kirere mu gice cy’isuku ry’amata ugomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 30CFU / isahani, kandi amategeko arambuye asaba kandi ko ibigo bitanga raporo y’isuzuma ry’isuku ryakozwe buri mwaka.
Muri "Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa rusange rusange y’isuku ku bicuruzwa by’ibiribwa" (GB 14881-2013) hamwe n’ibisobanuro bimwe na bimwe by’isuku y’ibicuruzwa by’isuku, ingingo zo kugenzura icyitegererezo, ibipimo ngenzuramikorere hamwe n’inshuro zikurikiranwa n’ibinyabuzima bitangiza ibidukikije mu karere bitunganyirizwa ahanini bigaragarira mu buryo bw’umugereka, bitanga amasosiyete akora ibiribwa atanga amabwiriza yo gukurikirana.
Kurugero, "Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa n’amategeko agenga isuku y’ibinyobwa" (GB 12695) arasaba koza ikirere cyangiza ibidukikije (gutuza bagiteri (Static)) ≤10 bice / (φ90mm · 0.5h).
(2). Ibisabwa kugirango ukurikirane ibipimo byerekana isuku zitandukanye
Dukurikije amakuru yavuzwe haruguru, dushobora kubona ko ibisabwa kugira isuku y’ikirere muburyo busanzwe bigamije ahanini ahantu hasukuye. Dukurikije igitabo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa GB14881: "Ahantu hasukuye hasanzwe harimo ububiko n’ahantu ho gutunganyirizwa mbere yo gukonjesha bwa nyuma cyangwa gupakira ibiryo byangirika, ibicuruzwa byiteguye kurya igice cyarangiye cyangwa ibicuruzwa byarangiye, hamwe n’ibikoresho fatizo mbere yo gutunganyirizwa, kubumba no kuzuza ibicuruzwa aho ibiryo bitunganijwe neza.
Amategeko arambuye hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho mu gusuzuma ibinyobwa n’ibikomoka ku mata bisaba neza ko ibipimo ngenderwaho bikurikirana ikirere birimo uduce duto twahagaritswe na mikorobe, kandi ni ngombwa kugenzura buri gihe niba isuku y’ahantu hakorerwa isuku ijyanye n’ibisanzwe. GB 12695 na GB 12693 bisaba ko bagiteri zipima zapima hakurikijwe uburyo bwimiterere karemano muri GB / T 18204.3.
"Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ibicuruzwa by’ibiribwa bigamije intego z’ubuvuzi" (GB 29923) na "Gahunda yo gusuzuma umusaruro w’ibiribwa by’imirire ya siporo" byatanzwe na Beijing, Jiangsu n'ahandi byerekana ko ibara ry'umukungugu (uduce duto twahagaritswe) dupimwa hakurikijwe GB / T 16292. Imiterere ihagaze neza.
5. Nigute sisitemu isukuye ikora?
Uburyo bwa 1: Ihame ryakazi ryishami rishinzwe gutunganya ikirere + sisitemu yo kuyungurura ikirere + ibyumba bisukuye byumuyaga hamwe nuyoboro wogukingira + agasanduku ka HEPA + ibyumba bisukuye ibyuka bisubiza ibyuka bihumeka bikomeza kuzenguruka no kuzuza umwuka mwiza mumahugurwa yicyumba gisukuye kugirango ugere ku isuku ikenewe y’ibidukikije.
Uburyo bwa 2: Ihame ryakazi rya FFU yinganda zogeza inganda zashyizwe hejuru yinzu yicyumba gisukuye kugirango zitange umwuka mubyumba bisukuye + sisitemu yo gusubiza ikirere + icyuma gishyiraho icyuma gikonjesha kugirango gikonje. Iyi fomu ikoreshwa mubusanzwe aho isuku y’ibidukikije idasabwa cyane, kandi igiciro ni gito. Nkamahugurwa yo gutunganya ibiryo, imishinga isanzwe ya laboratoire yumubiri nubumashini, ibyumba bipakira ibicuruzwa, amahugurwa yo kwisiga, nibindi.
Guhitamo ibishushanyo bitandukanye byo gutanga ikirere no kugarura sisitemu zo mu kirere mu byumba bisukuye ni ikintu gikomeye mu kumenya urwego rw’isuku rutandukanye rw’ibyumba bisukuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-19-2023