WOWE UZI KUBYEREKEYE?

Ivuka ryubwiherero

Kugaragara no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryose biterwa nibikorwa bikenewe. Ikoranabuhanga mu isuku ntirisanzwe. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zakoze giroskopi ireremba mu kirere kugira ngo indege igende. Bitewe nubwiza budahungabana, buri giroskopi 10 yagombaga gusubirwamo impuzandengo inshuro 120. Mu ntambara yo muri Koreya mu ntangiriro ya za 1950, Amerika yasimbuye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birenga miliyoni mu bikoresho by'itumanaho 160.000. Radars yananiwe 84% yigihe na sonar submarine yananiwe 48% yigihe. Impamvu nuko kwizerwa kwibikoresho bya elegitoronike nibice ari bibi kandi ubuziranenge ntibuhamye. Igisirikare n’abakora inganda bakoze iperereza ku mpamvu barangije bemeza mu bintu byinshi ko bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije byanduye. Nubwo hafashwe ingamba zinyuranye zo gufunga amahugurwa yumusaruro muri kiriya gihe, ingaruka zabaye nkeya. Iri rero niryo vuka ryubwiherero!

Gutezimbere ubwiherero

Icyiciro cya mbere

Mu ntangiriro ya za 1950 ni bwo HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) yakozwe na komisiyo ishinzwe ingufu za kirimbuzi muri Amerika mu 1951 kugira ngo ikemure ikibazo cyo gufata umukungugu wa radiyo wangiza umubiri w’umuntu wakoreshejwe mu kuyungurura ikirere cya amahugurwa yo kubyaza umusaruro, kandi isuku igezweho yavutse rwose.

Icyiciro cya kabiri

Mu 1961, Willis Whitfield, umushakashatsi mukuru muri Laboratwari y’igihugu ya Sandia yo muri Amerika, yatanze igitekerezo cy’umushinga w’isuku uva mu kirere, icyo gihe cyiswe laminar flow, ubu kikaba cyiswe ku mugaragaro icyerekezo kimwe, hanyuma ukagikoresha mu buhanga nyabwo. Kuva icyo gihe, ibyumba bisukuye bigeze ku rwego rwo hejuru rutigeze rugira isuku.

Icyiciro cya gatatu

Muri uwo mwaka, ingabo zirwanira mu kirere z’Amerika zashyizeho kandi zisohora icyumba cya mbere cy’icyumba cy’isuku ku isi TO-00-25--203 Amabwiriza y’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere "Igishushanyo mbonera n’ibikorwa biranga isuku n’isukuBench.

Iterambere ryingenzi ryavuzwe haruguru rikunze gushimwa nkintambwe eshatu mumateka yiterambere ryubwiherero bugezweho.

Mu myaka ya za 1960 rwagati, ubwiherero bwadutse mu nganda zitandukanye muri Amerika. Ntabwo ikoreshwa mu nganda za gisirikare gusa, ahubwo inatezwa imbere mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, optique, imashini ziciriritse, moteri ya moteri, firime yerekana ibyiyumvo, imiti y’imiti ya ultrapure n’izindi nganda, zagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga n’inganda. Icyo gihe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibikurikira nintangiriro irambuye murugo no mumahanga.

Kugereranya Iterambere

Mu mahanga

Mu ntangiriro ya za 1950, komisiyo ishinzwe ingufu za kirimbuzi muri Amerika yashyizeho akayunguruzo keza cyane ko mu kirere (HEPA) mu 1950 kugira ngo gikemure ikibazo cyo gufata umukungugu wa radiyo wangiza umubiri w’umuntu, bikaba intambwe ya mbere mu mateka y’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rifite isuku. .

Mu myaka ya za 1960 rwagati, ubwiherero mu nganda nk’imashini zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike muri Amerika byavutse nk'ibihumyo nyuma y’imvura, kandi muri icyo gihe hatangira inzira yo kwimura ikoranabuhanga ry’isuku ry’inganda mu bwiherero bw’ibinyabuzima. Mu 1961, havutse ubwiherero bwa laminari (unidirectional flow). Isuku yambere yisi yisuku-Amabwiriza ya tekinike yingabo za Amerika 203 yashyizweho.

Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, intego yo kubaka ubwiherero yatangiye kwimukira mu nganda z’ubuvuzi, imiti, ibiribwa n’ibinyabuzima. Usibye Amerika, ibindi bihugu byateye imbere mu nganda nk'Ubuyapani, Ubudage, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubusuwisi, icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, n'Ubuholandi, na byo byahaye agaciro gakomeye kandi biteza imbere cyane ikoranabuhanga ry’isuku.

Nyuma ya za 1980, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika hamwe nu Buyapani byateje imbere neza amashanyarazi mashya ya ultra-high-filteri ifite akayunguruzo ka 0.1μm hamwe no gufata neza 99,99%. Amaherezo, hubatswe ibyumba bya ultra-high-level isuku ya 0.1μm urwego 10 na 0.1μm urwego 1, byazanye iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryisuku mugihe gishya.

Imbere mu Gihugu

Kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 kugeza mu mpera za za 70, iyi myaka icumi niyo ntangiriro n’ifatizo ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’isuku ry’Ubushinwa. Byatinze nyuma yimyaka icumi ugereranije n’ibihugu by’amahanga. Byari ibihe bidasanzwe kandi bigoye, bifite ubukungu bwifashe nabi kandi nta diplomasi hamwe nibihugu bikomeye. Mu bihe bigoye, hafi yimashini zikenewe, ibikoresho byindege ninganda za elegitoronike, abakozi b’ikoranabuhanga mu isuku y’Ubushinwa batangiye urugendo rwabo rwo kwihangira imirimo.

Kuva mu mpera za za 70 kugeza mu mpera za 1980, muri iyi myaka icumi, ikoranabuhanga ry’isuku ry’Ubushinwa ryagize iterambere ry’izuba. Mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’isuku ry’Ubushinwa, ibintu byinshi byingenzi kandi byagezweho byagezweho hafi yiki cyiciro. Ibipimo byageze ku rwego rwa tekiniki y’ibihugu by’amahanga mu myaka ya za 1980.

Kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 90, ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa bwakomeje kwiyongera ku buryo bwihuse kandi bwihuse, hamwe n’ishoramari mpuzamahanga rikomeje, kandi amatsinda menshi y’amahanga yagiye akurikirana inganda nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryimbere mu gihugu n'abashakashatsi bafite amahirwe menshi yo kuvugana neza nigishushanyo mbonera cy’ubwiherero bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru rwo mu mahanga, gusobanukirwa ibikoresho n’ibikoresho bigezweho ku isi, gucunga no kubungabunga, n'ibindi.

Iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, inganda z’isuku mu Bushinwa nazo zateye imbere byihuse.

Mugihe imibereho yabantu ikomeje gutera imbere, ibyo basabwa mubuzima ndetse nubuzima bwiza biragenda byiyongera, kandiubwihererotekinoroji yubuhanga yagiye ikoreshwa buhoro buhoro mugusukura ikirere murugo. Kugeza ubu,Ubushinwa's ubwihereroubwubatsi ntibukoreshwa gusa mubyuma bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ubuvuzi, ibiryo, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nizindi nganda, ariko birashoboka ko byerekeza murugo, imyidagaduro rusange nahandi, ibigo byuburezi, nibindi.ubwihereroibigo byubwubatsi kumiryango ibihumbi, nubunini bwimbere murugoubwihereroinganda nazo zateye imbere, kandi abantu batangiye kwishimira buhoro buhoro ingaruka zaubwihereroubwubatsi.