Mu mitako y'icyumba gisukura imiti cya GMP, sisitemu ya HVAC ni yo y'ingenzi kurusha izindi. Dushobora kuvuga ko kugenzura ibidukikije by'icyumba gisukura bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa ahanini biterwa na sisitemu ya HVAC. Sisitemu yo gushyushya umwuka n'ubukonje (HVAC) yitwa kandi sisitemu yo guhumeka umwuka mu cyumba gisukura imiti cya GMP. Sisitemu ya HVAC itunganya umwuka winjira mu cyumba ikanagenzura ubushyuhe bw'umwuka, ubushuhe, uduce duto, udukoko, itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ibidukikije bikorerwamo imiti kugira ngo harebwe ko ibipimo by'ibidukikije byujuje ibisabwa ku bwiza bw'imiti no kwirinda kwanduza umwuka no kwanduzanya mu gihe bitanga ibidukikije byiza ku bakoresha. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ya HVAC yo mu cyumba gisukura imiti ishobora kandi kugabanya no gukumira ingaruka mbi z'imiti ku bantu mu gihe cyo kuyikora, no kurinda ibidukikije biyikikije.
Igishushanyo rusange cy'uburyo bwo gusukura ikirere gikonjesha
Igice rusange cy’uburyo bwo gusukura umwuka ushyushye n’ibice byawo bigomba gutegurwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa n’ibidukikije. Igice kinini kirimo ibice bikora nk’ubushyuhe, ubukonje, ubushuhe, gukuraho ubushuhe, no kuyungurura. Ibindi bice birimo abavoka b’imyotsi, abavoka b’umwuka ugarura umwuka, uburyo bwo kugarura ingufu z’ubushyuhe, n’ibindi. Nta bintu bigwa bigomba kuba biri mu miterere y’imbere ya sisitemu ya HVAC, kandi icyuho kigomba kuba gito uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi ryiyongera. Sisitemu za HVAC zigomba kuba zoroshye gusukura kandi zihanganira ifu ikenewe no kwica udukoko.
1. Ubwoko bwa sisitemu ya HVAC
Sisitemu zo gusukura umwuka ushyushye zishobora kugabanywamo sisitemu zo gukonjesha umwuka wa DC na sisitemu zo gukonjesha umwuka ushyushye. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka wa DC yohereza umwuka wo hanze watunganyijwe ushobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu mwanya mu cyumba, hanyuma ugasohora umwuka wose. Sisitemu ikoresha umwuka mwiza wose wo hanze. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka ushyushye, ni ukuvuga umwuka mwiza wo mu cyumba uvangwa n'igice cy'umwuka mwiza wo hanze watunganyijwe n'igice cy'umwuka ugaruka uva mu cyumba gisukuye. Kubera ko sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka ushyushye ifite ibyiza byo gushora imari ntoya mbere n'ikiguzi gito cyo gukora, sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka ushyushye igomba gukoreshwa mu buryo bushoboka bwose mu gushushanya sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka. Umwuka wo mu bice bimwe na bimwe bidasanzwe by'umusaruro ntushobora kongera gukoreshwa, nko mu cyumba gisukuye (agace) aho ivumbi risohokera mu gihe cyo gukora, kandi kwanduzanya ntibishobora kwirindwa iyo umwuka wo mu nzu uvuwe; ibintu bisukura ibinyabuzima bikoreshwa mu gukora, kandi imyuka ishobora guturika cyangwa inkongi n'ibikorwa biteje akaga; ahantu hakorerwa indwara; ahantu hakorerwa imiti ikoresha imirasire; inzira zo gukora zitanga ibintu byinshi byangiza, impumuro mbi cyangwa imyuka ihindagurika mu gihe cyo gukora.
Ubusanzwe agace gakorerwamo imiti gashobora kugabanywamo ibice byinshi bifite urwego rw'isuku rutandukanye. Ahantu hatandukanye hasukuye hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho byigenga bikoresha umuyaga. Buri buryo bwo gukonjesha bugomba gutandukanywa kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa hagati y'ibicuruzwa. Ibikoresho byigenga bikoresha umuyaga bishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu bice bitandukanye by'ibicuruzwa cyangwa bigatandukanya ahantu hatandukanye kugira ngo hatandukanye ibintu byangiza binyuze mu kuyungurura umwuka no gukumira kwanduzwa binyuze mu miyoboro y'umwuka, nk'aho ukorerwa, aho ukorerwa, aho kubika, aho ukorera, n'ahandi, bigomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoresha umuyaga. Ku bice bikorerwamo ibikoresho bifite ibihe bitandukanye byo gukora cyangwa gukoresha ndetse n'itandukaniro rikomeye mu kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, uburyo bwo gukonjesha nabwo bugomba gushyirwaho ukwabwo.
2. Imikorere n'ibipimo
(1). Gushyushya no gukonjesha
Ahantu ho gukorera hagomba guhuzwa n'ibisabwa mu gukora. Iyo nta byangombwa byihariye bihari mu gukora imiti, ubushyuhe bw'ibyumba bisukuye byo mu cyiciro cya C na D bushobora kugenzurwa kuri dogere selisiyusi 18 ~ 26, naho ubushyuhe bw'ibyumba bisukuye byo mu cyiciro cya A na B bushobora kugenzurwa kuri dogere selisiyusi 20 ~ 24. Mu cyumba gisukuye, imiyoboro ishyushye n'ikonje ifite amababa yo kohereza ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi bukoresha amashanyarazi, nibindi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gushyushya no gukonjesha umwuka, no gutunganya umwuka ku bushyuhe busabwa n'icyumba gisukuye. Iyo ingano y'umwuka mwiza ari nini, gushyushya umwuka mwiza mbere y'igihe bigomba kwitabwaho kugira ngo hirindwe ko imiyoboro yo hasi idakonja. Cyangwa koresha imiyoboro ishyushye n'ikonje, nk'amazi ashyushye n'akonje, umwuka wuzuye, ethylene glycol, frigo zitandukanye, nibindi. Mu kugena imiyoboro ishyushye n'ikonje, ibisabwa mu gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha umwuka, ibisabwa mu isuku, ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, igiciro, nibindi. Hitamo hashingiwe ku giciro n'ibindi.
(2). Guhindura ubushuhe no gukuraho ubushuhe
Ubushuhe bw'icyumba gisukuye bugomba kuba bujyanye n'ibisabwa mu gukora imiti, kandi ibidukikije byo gukora imiti n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyikora bigomba kuba bihari. Iyo nta byangombwa byihariye bihari mu gukora imiti, ubushuhe bw'ahantu hasukuye ho mu cyiciro cya C na D bugenzurwa kuri 45% kugeza 65%, naho ubushuhe bw'ahantu hasukuye ho mu cyiciro cya A na B bugenzurwa kuri 45% kugeza 60%.
Ibikoresho by'ifu isukuye cyangwa byinshi mu bikoresho bikomeye bisaba ahantu hadakomeye ho gukora ubushuhe. Ibikoresho bikuraho ubushuhe n'ibikonjesha bishobora kwitabwaho mu gukuraho ubushuhe. Bitewe n'ishoramari rinini n'ikiguzi cyo gukora, ubushyuhe bw'ikigero cy'ubushuhe akenshi bugomba kuba buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 5. Ahantu ho gukora hafite ubushuhe bwinshi hashobora kubungabungwa hakoreshejwe umwuka wo mu ruganda, umwuka mwiza wateguwe mu mazi meza, cyangwa binyuze mu cyuma gishyushya ubushuhe. Iyo icyumba gisukuye gifite ubushuhe buhagije, umwuka wo hanze mu mpeshyi ugomba gukonjeshwa n'icyuma gikonjesha hanyuma ugashyushwa n'icyuma gishyushya kugira ngo hakosorwe ubushuhe buhagije. Niba amashanyarazi adahindagurika yo mu nzu agomba kugenzurwa, ubushuhe bugomba kwitabwaho mu turere dukonje cyangwa twumye.
(3). Akayunguruzo
Umubare w'udukoko tw'umukungugu n'udukoko mu mwuka mwiza n'umwuka ugaruka ushobora kugabanuka cyane binyuze mu byuma biyungurura mu buryo bwa HVAC, bigatuma agace gakorerwamo gahura n'ibisabwa bisanzwe by'isuku. Muri sisitemu zo gusukura umwuka ushyushye, kuyungurura umwuka muri rusange bigabanyijemo ibice bitatu: kuyungurura mbere, kuyungurura hagati no kuyungurura hepa. Buri cyiciro gikoresha ibyuma biyungurura by'ibikoresho bitandukanye. Icyuma gitunganya mbere ni cyo cyo hasi kandi gishyirwa mu ntangiriro y'icyuma gitunganya umwuka. Gishobora gufata udukoko tunini mu mwuka (ingano y'udukoko iri hejuru ya mikoroni 3). Icyuma gitunganya hagati kiri munsi y'icyuma gitegura mbere kandi gishyirwa hagati y'icyuma gitunganya umwuka aho umwuka ugaruka winjira. Gikoreshwa mu gufata udukoko duto (ingano y'udukoko iri hejuru ya mikoroni 0.3). Icyuma gitunganya nyuma kiri mu gice gisohora umwuka cy'icyuma gitunganya umwuka, gishobora gutuma umuyoboro usukura kandi kikamara igihe kirekire cy'icyuma gitunganya umwuka.
Iyo isuku y'icyumba isukuye iri hejuru, icyuma gisukura cya hepa gishyirwa munsi y'icyuma gisukura cya nyuma nk'igikoresho gisukura cya terminal. Igikoresho gisukura cya terminal kiba ku mpera y'icyuma gifata umwuka kandi gishyirwa ku gisenge cyangwa ku rukuta rw'icyumba. Gishobora kwemeza ko umwuka mwiza uboneka kandi gikoreshwa mu gutobora cyangwa kohereza utuntu duto dusohorwa mu cyumba gisukuye, nko mu cyumba gisukura cya Class B cyangwa inyuma y'icyumba gisukura cya Class A mu cyiciro B.
(4). Kugenzura umuvuduko
Icyumba kinini gisukuye gikomeza kugira igitutu cyiza, mu gihe icyumba cyo hejuru kijya muri iki cyumba gisukuye gikomeza kugira igitutu cyiza kiri hasi n’icya hasi, kugeza ku rwego rwa zeru ku myanya idacunzwe neza (inyubako rusange). Itandukaniro ry’igitutu hagati y’ahantu hasukuye n’ahantu hadasukuye no hagati y’ahantu hasukuye hafite urwego rutandukanye ntirigomba kuba munsi ya 10 Pa. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, igitutu gikwiye kigomba kandi gukomeza hagati y’ahantu hatandukanye hakora (ibyumba byo gukoreramo) bifite urwego rumwe rw’isuku. Igitutu cyiza kiguma mu cyumba gisukuye gishobora kugerwaho bitewe n’uko ingano y’umwuka utangwa n’umwuka iba nini kuruta ingano y’umwuka usohoka. Guhindura ingano y’umwuka bishobora guhindura itandukaniro ry’igitutu hagati ya buri cyumba. Imiti yihariye ikorwa, nk’imiti ya penisiline, ahantu hakorerwa isuku hatanga ivumbi rinini, bigomba gukomeza kugira igitutu kibi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 19-2023