Ivuka ryicyumba gisukuye
Kugaragara no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryose biterwa no kuba umusaruro. Ikoranabuhanga ryicyumba ntabwo ridasanzwe. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, imigezi itwara umwuka yakozwe muri Amerika kugira ngo indege ifatanye indege yagombaga gukorerwa impuzandengo inshuro 120 kuri buri ruzitizi 10 kubera ubwiza budacogora. Mu ntambara yo muri Koreya Peninsula mu ntangiriro ya 1950, ibice birenga miliyoni birenga miliyoni 160.000 y'ibikoresho by'itumanaho bya elegitoroniki muri Amerika. Kunanirwa kwa kadar byabaye 84% yigihe, kandi gutsindwa kwa submarine watsinzwe 48% yigihe. Impamvu nuko ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nibice bifite ubwizengubuke buke kandi bwiza. Igisirikare n'ibikorwa byakoze iperereza ku mpamvu kandi amaherezo bigenwa bihuye nibintu bifitanye isano nibikorwa byanduye. Nubwo nta kiguzi cyarokowe kandi hafashwe ingamba zitandukanye zo gufunga amahugurwa yo gukora, ibisubizo byari bike. Noneho ibi rero byari ivuka ryicyumba cyiza!
Gusukura Icyumba
Icyiciro cya mbere: Kugeza mu ntangiriro ya 1950, icyiciro cya Hepa-Hejuru Hejuru Akayunguruzo k'ingufu muri Amerika mu 1951 kugira ngo ukemure ikibazo cyo gufata abantu umukungugu wa radiyo. y'amahugurwa. Kuzengurura ikirere byabyaye byukuri icyumba gisukuye hamwe nubusobanuro bugezweho.
Icyiciro cya kabiri: Mu 1961, Willis Whitfield, umushakashatsi mukuru muri Laboratwari y'igihugu ya Sandia muri Amerika, yasabye icyo bita Laminite yatembaga. . Kuva icyo gihe, icyumba gisukuye kigeze kurwego rutagaragara rwisuku.
Icyiciro cya gatatu: Muri uwo mwaka, ingabo zo mu kirere zo muri Amerika zateguwe kandi zitanga ubuyobozi bw'icyumba cya mbere cy'isi kugeza kuri 00-25--203. Ibiranga ibyumba bisukuye n'intebe zisukuye. " Aha hashingiwe kuri Leta isanzwe ya Leta-STD-209, yagabanije ibyumba bisukuye mu nzego eshatu, byatangajwe mu nzego 1963. Kugeza ubu, prototype y'ikoranabuhanga ryiza ry'icyumba risukuye.
Iterambere rya gatatu ryavuzwe haruguru rikunze gushimirwa nkibice bitatu byingenzi mumateka yiterambere ryicyumba cya none.
Hagati ya za 1960, ibyumba bisukuye byateraga mu nzego zitandukanye z'inganda zo muri Amerika. Ntabwo yakoreshejwe mu nganda za gisirikare gusa, ahubwo yanatejwe imbere muri electronics, optics, micros ya micro, mu nshuro za mafoto, mu ngendo zitera ingamba, kugira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere iterambere ry'ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n'inganda kuri Icyo gihe. Kugira ngo iyi ntego, ibikurikira ni intangiriro irambuye hamwe n'ibihugu byo mu ngo no mu mahanga.
Kugereranya iterambere
Mu mahanga: Mu ntangiriro ya 1950, kugirango bakemure ikibazo cyo gukinisha umukungugu wa radiyo, komisiyo ishinzwe ingufu za Amerika ibanga rya interineti yashyizeho akayunguruzo k'ikirere (HEPA) mu 1950, cyabaye intambwe ya mbere muri Amateka yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga risukuye. Mu myaka ya za 1960, ibyumba bisukuye biva mu mashini ya elegitoronike n'izindi nganda muri Amerika. Muri icyo gihe, inzira yo guhindura ikoranabuhanga ry'inganda mubyumba bisukuye mu binyabuzima byatangiye. Mu 1961, icyumba cyo mu kibaya cyakozwe (urujya n'uruza rw'isuku) cyavutse. Inyigisho zisukuye kwisi yose - inyigisho za tekiniki zo muri Amerika 203 zarakozwe. Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, intego yo kubaka ibyumba isukuye yatangiye kwimuka mu buvuzi, imiti, ibiryo n'ibinyabuzima n'ibinyabuzima. Usibye Amerika, indi bihugu byateye imbere nk'Ubuyapani, Ubudage, Ubwongereza, Ubusuwisi bwahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, kandi Ubuholandi, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rikomeye. Nyuma ya za 1980, Amerika n'Ubuyapani byateje imbere muyunguruzi nshya ultra-hepa hamwe n'intego ikwiramuriza 0.1 μm n'ikusanyirijwe hamwe 99.99%. Hanyuma, ultra-hepa ibyumba bisukuye hamwe 0.1μm urwego 10 na 0.1μm urwego 1 rwubatswe, rwazanye iterambere ryikoranabuhanga risukuye mugice gishya.
Ubushinwa: Kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 70, iyi myaka icumi yari itangiriye kandi ihagaze ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'icyumba cy'Ubushinwa. Nyuma yimyaka icumi kurenza mumahanga. Byari ibihe bidasanzwe kandi bigoye, hamwe nubukungu bwintege nke kandi nta diplomasi ikomeye yigihugu. Mu bihe bigoye kandi hirya no hino by'imashini z'imashini zishingiye ku imashini zishingiye ku imashini zashizweho, ibikoresho bya elegiteri n'inganda za elegitoroniki, abakozi b'ikoranabuhanga mu cyumba cy'Ubushinwa batangiye urugendo rwabo rwo kwihangira imirimo. Kuva mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 70 kugeza mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, Ikoranabuhanga ryiza ry'Ubushinwa ryagize icyicaro cy'iterambere ry'izuba. Muburyo bwo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryicyumba cy'Ubushinwa, ibintu byinshi bihambaye kandi byagezweho byari hafi ya bose bavutse kuri iki cyiciro. Ibipimo byageze ku rwego rwa tekiniki y'ibihugu by'amahanga mu myaka ya za 1980. Kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 90 kugeza ubu, ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa bwakomeje iterambere rihamye kandi ryihuse ryakomeje guterwa, maze amatsinda mpuzamahanga yakomeje guteranya ibintu byinshi bya microelectronics mu Bushinwa. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe murugo hamwe nabashakashatsi bafite amahirwe menshi yo kuganira kubitekerezo byo mubyumba byo murwego rwo hejuru bwibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bwamahanga, kandi wumve ibikoresho bigezweho byo mu mahanga, kandi usobanukirwe ibikoresho bigezweho byo mu mahanga, kandi usobanukirwe ibikoresho bigezweho byo mu mahanga, kandi usobanure ibikoresho bigezweho ku isi, imiyoborere no kubungabunga, n'ibindi.
Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, amasosiyete y'ubushinwa asukuye kandi ateza imbere vuba. Imibereho yabantu ikomeje gutera imbere, kandi ibyo bakeneye kubidukikije hamwe nubuzima bwubuzima bigenda birushaho kuba hejuru kandi hejuru. Ihangane ryubwubatsi bwicyumba ryagiye rihuzwa buhoro buhoro no kweza urugo. Kugeza ubu, imishinga isukuye mu cyumba ntabwo ikwiriye gusa ku mashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, ubuvuzi, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'izindi myidagaduro, ibigo by'imyidagaduro, n'ibindi hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ya siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga, amasosiyete meza yubwubatsi yakwiranye buhoro buhoro ingo zimiryango ibihumbi. Igipimo cyinganda zisukuye murugo kandi zarakuze umunsi kumunsi, abantu batangiye kwishimira buhoro buhoro ingaruka zubuhangane bwibyumba.
Igihe cya nyuma: Sep-20-2023