Ivuka ryicyumba gisukuye
Kugaragara no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryose biterwa nibikenerwa n'umusaruro. Ikoranabuhanga ryo mucyumba gisukuye ntirisanzwe. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, giroskopi itwara ikirere ikorerwa muri Amerika kugira ngo igendere mu ndege yagombaga kongera gukorwa inshuro zigera kuri 120 kuri buri giroskopi 10 kubera ubwiza budahungabana. Mu ntambara yo muri Koreya y’igice cya Koreya mu ntangiriro ya za 1950, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birenga miliyoni byasimbuwe mu bikoresho by’itumanaho 160.000 muri Amerika. Kunanirwa kwa Radar byabaye 84% byigihe, naho kunanirwa na sonar subarine byabaye 48% byigihe. Impamvu nuko ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nibice bifite ubwizerwe bubi hamwe nubwiza budahungabana. Igisirikare n’abakora inganda bakoze iperereza ku cyabiteye kandi amaherezo bemeza mu bintu byinshi ko bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije byanduye. Nubwo nta kiguzi cyakoreshejwe kandi hafashwe ingamba zinyuranye zo gufunga amahugurwa y’umusaruro, ibisubizo byari bike. Uku rero kwari kuvuka kwicyumba gisukuye!
Guteza imbere icyumba
Icyiciro cya mbere: Kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 1950, HEPA-High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter, yatunganijwe neza na komisiyo ishinzwe ingufu za kirimbuzi muri Amerika mu 1951 kugirango ikemure ikibazo cyo gufata umukungugu wa radiyo wangiza abantu, wakoreshejwe muburyo bwo gutanga. y'amahugurwa yo kubyaza umusaruro. Akayunguruzo ko mu kirere kabyaye icyumba gisukuye gifite akamaro kigezweho.
Icyiciro cya kabiri: Mu 1961, Willis Whitfield, umushakashatsi mukuru muri Laboratwari ya Sandia yo muri Amerika, yatanze igitekerezo cyiswe icyogajuru cyitwa laminar muri kiriya gihe, ubu kikaba cyitwa urujya n'uruza. . Kuva icyo gihe, icyumba gisukuye kigeze ku rwego rutigeze rubaho rw'isuku.
Icyiciro cya gatatu: Muri uwo mwaka, ingabo zirwanira mu kirere z’Amerika zashyizeho kandi zisohora icyumba cya mbere cy’icyumba cy’isuku ku isi TO-00-25--203 Amabwiriza y’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere "Igipimo cy’ibishushanyo mbonera n’ibikorwa biranga ibyumba bisukuye n'intebe zisukuye." Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, mu Kuboza 1963, muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika FED-STD-209, yagabanyije ibyumba bisukuye mu byiciro bitatu, kugeza ubu, hashyizweho prototype y’ikoranabuhanga rifite ibyumba bisukuye.
Iterambere ryibintu bitatu byingenzi byavuzwe haruguru bikunze gushimwa nkibintu bitatu byingenzi byabayeho mumateka yiterambere ryicyumba cya kijyambere.
Mu myaka ya za 60 rwagati, ibyumba bisukuye byagaragaye mu nganda zitandukanye muri Amerika. Ntabwo yakoreshejwe mu nganda za gisirikare gusa, ahubwo yanatejwe imbere muri elegitoroniki, optique, imashini zitwara mikoro, moteri ya moteri, firime yerekana ibyiyumvo, imiti y’imiti ya ultrapure n’izindi nganda, igira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n’inganda kuri icyo gihe. Kugirango bigerweho, ibikurikira nintangiriro irambuye mubihugu byimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga.
Kugereranya iterambere
Mu mahanga: Mu ntangiriro ya za 1950, mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cyo gufata umukungugu wa radiyo wangiza umubiri w’umuntu, komisiyo ishinzwe ingufu za kirimbuzi muri Amerika yashyizeho akayunguruzo keza cyane kayunguruzo (HEPA) mu 1950, kaba intambwe ya mbere muri amateka yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga risukuye. Mu myaka ya za 1960, ibyumba bisukuye byagaragaye mu mashini za elegitoroniki n’izindi nganda zo muri Amerika. Muri icyo gihe, gahunda yo kwimura ikoranabuhanga ry’ibyumba by’inganda mu byumba by’isuku byatangiye. Mu 1961, havutse icyumba gisukuye cya laminari (icyerekezo kidafite icyerekezo). Icyumba cya mbere cy’icyumba gisukuye ku isi - Hashyizweho inyigisho za tekinike zo muri Amerika zirwanira mu kirere 203. Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, intego yo kubaka ibyumba bisukuye yatangiye kwimukira mu nganda z’ubuvuzi, imiti, ibiribwa n’ibinyabuzima. Usibye Amerika, ibindi bihugu byateye imbere mu nganda nk'Ubuyapani, Ubudage, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubusuwisi, icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, Ubuholandi, n'ibindi na byo biha agaciro kanini kandi biteza imbere cyane ikoranabuhanga rifite isuku. Nyuma ya za 1980, Amerika n'Ubuyapani byateje imbere filtri nshya ya ultra-hepa ifite intego yo kuyungurura ingana na 0.1 mkm hamwe no gukusanya 99,99%. Amaherezo, hubatswe ibyumba bisukuye ultra-hepa bifite 0.1μm urwego 10 na 0.1μm urwego rwa 1, byazanye iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rifite isuku mugihe gishya.
Ubushinwa: Kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 kugeza mu mpera za za 70, iyi myaka icumi niyo ntangiriro n’ifatizo ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’icyumba cy’Ubushinwa. Hafi yimyaka icumi nyuma yamahanga. Byari ibihe bidasanzwe kandi bigoye, bifite ubukungu bwifashe nabi kandi nta diplomasi yigihugu ikomeye. Mu bihe bigoye kandi hafi y’ibikenerwa n’imashini zisobanutse, ibikoresho by’indege n’inganda za elegitoroniki, abakozi b’ikoranabuhanga mu byumba by’Ubushinwa batangiye urugendo rwabo rwo kwihangira imirimo. Kuva mu mpera za za 70 kugeza mu mpera za 1980, ikoranabuhanga ry’icyumba cy’Ubushinwa ryagize iterambere ry’izuba. Mubikorwa byiterambere byikoranabuhanga ryubushinwa rifite isuku, ibintu byinshi byingenzi kandi byagezweho hafi ya byose byavutse muriki cyiciro. Ibipimo byageze ku rwego rwa tekiniki y’ibihugu by’amahanga mu myaka ya za 1980. Kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 90 kugeza ubu, ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa bwakomeje kwiyongera kandi mu buryo bwihuse, ishoramari mpuzamahanga ryakomeje guterwa, kandi amatsinda menshi y’amahanga yagiye yubaka inganda nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryimbere mu gihugu n'abashakashatsi bafite amahirwe menshi yo kuvugana neza nigishushanyo mbonera cy’ibyumba byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo mu mahanga, kandi bagasobanukirwa ibikoresho n’ibikoresho bigezweho ku isi, imiyoborere no kuyitaho, n'ibindi.
Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, amasosiyete y’ibyumba by’isuku y’Ubushinwa nayo aratera imbere byihuse. Imibereho yabantu ikomeje gutera imbere, kandi ibyo basabwa mubuzima ndetse nubuzima bwiza biragenda byiyongera. Tekinoroji yubuhanga bwicyumba isukuye yagiye ihuzwa nogusukura ikirere murugo. Kugeza ubu, umushinga w’ibyumba by’isuku mu Bushinwa ntukwiriye gusa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, ubuvuzi, ibiryo, ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi n’izindi nganda, ariko birashoboka ko bizakoreshwa mu ngo, ahantu ho kwidagadurira, mu bigo by’uburezi, n’ibindi. ya siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga, isosiyete ikora ibyumba bisukuye ibyumba yagiye ikwirakwira buhoro buhoro ingo ibihumbi. Ingano yinganda zikoreshwa mubikoresho byicyumba cyo murugo nazo zagiye ziyongera umunsi kumunsi, kandi abantu batangiye kwishimira buhoro buhoro ingaruka zubwubatsi bwibyumba bisukuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-20-2023