Inkomoko y'uduce duto igabanyijemo uduce tutari umwimerere, uduce tusanzwe, n'uduce tuzima. Ku mubiri w'umuntu, biroroshye gutera indwara z'ubuhumekero n'iz'ibihaha, kandi bishobora no gutera allergie n'indwara za virusi; ku duce twa silikoni, gufata uduce tw'umukungugu bizatera guhinduka cyangwa kugabanuka k'uruziga rw'uruziga, bigatuma uduce dutakaza imikorere yatwo, bityo kugenzura isuku y'ibintu bihumanya ikirere byabaye igice cy'ingenzi mu gucunga icyumba gisukuye.
Akamaro ko kugenzura ibidukikije mu cyumba gisukuye ni ukureba neza ko imiterere y’ibidukikije mu gikorwa cyo gukora isuku yujuje ibisabwa ku isuku, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi ku nganda nyinshi. Ibi bikurikira ni akamaro n’uruhare byihariye rwo kugenzura ibidukikije mu cyumba gisukuye:
1. Kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa
1.1 Kurinda umwanda: Mu nganda nka semiconductors, farumasi, n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, uduce duto tw'imyanda dushobora gutera inenge cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa. Mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umwuka n'ubwinshi bw'uduce mu cyumba gisukuye, iyi myanda ishobora kwirindwa kugira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa.
Uretse ishoramari rya mbere ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, kubungabunga no kugenzura isuku y’icyumba gisukuye bisaba kandi uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga "porogaramu" kugira ngo isuku ikomeze kuba nziza. Ukurikije ibyavuye mu ifoto iri hejuru, bigaragara ko abakora bafite ingaruka zikomeye ku isuku y’icyumba gisukuye. Iyo abakora binjiye mu cyumba gisukuye, ivumbi ririyongera cyane. Iyo hari abantu bagenda bagaruka, isuku ihita igabanuka. Bigaragara ko impamvu nyamukuru ituma isuku igabanuka ari ibintu abantu bahura na byo.
1.2 Guhuza: Ahantu ho gukorera isuku mu cyumba hafasha mu kubungabunga uburyo bwo gukora no gusubiramo ibintu, bityo bigatuma umusaruro uhora umeze neza.
Ku bijyanye n'ikirahure, gufatana kw'uduce tw'umukungugu bizatera gushwanyagurika ku kirahure, imiyoboro migufi n'uduheri, hamwe n'izindi nzira mbi zo gukora, bigatuma hacikagurika. Kubwibyo, kugenzura inkomoko z'imyanda byabaye igice cy'ingenzi mu gucunga isuku y'icyumba.
Kwinjira no gukumira ivumbi ryo hanze
Icyumba gisukuye kigomba kugira umuvuduko ukwiye (> 0.5mm/Hg), gukora akazi keza mu mushinga w’ubwubatsi bw’ibanze kugira ngo hatabaho umwuka usohoka, kandi mbere yo kuzana abakozi, ibikoresho, ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho, ibikoresho bikoreshwa, nibindi mu cyumba gisukuye, bigomba gusukurwa no guhanagurwa, nibindi. Ibikorwa byo gukumira ivumbi. Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho byo gusukura bigomba gushyirwaho neza kandi bigasimbuzwa cyangwa bigasukurwa buri gihe.
Gutera ivumbi no kuririnda mu byumba bisukuye
Guhitamo neza ibikoresho byo mu cyumba gisukuye nk'ibibaho byo kugabanyamo ibice n'aho hasi, kugenzura ibikoresho byo gutunganya, ni ukuvuga kubungabunga no gusukura buri gihe, abakozi bashinzwe gutunganya ibintu ntibemerewe gutembera cyangwa gukora ingendo nini z'umubiri aho biri, kandi ingamba zo kwirinda nko kongeramo imitako ifatana zifatwa ahantu hadasanzwe.
2. Kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro
2.1 Kugabanya igipimo cy'ibisigazwa: Mu kugabanya imyanda n'imyanda mu ikorwa, igipimo cy'ibisigazwa gishobora kugabanuka, igipimo cy'umusaruro gishobora kwiyongera, bityo umusaruro ukarushaho kunozwa.
Urugero: Hari intambwe 600 mu gukora wafer. Niba umusaruro wa buri gikorwa ari 99%, ni uwuhe musaruro rusange w'ibikorwa 600? Igisubizo: 0.99^600 = 0.24%.
Kugira ngo gahunda ibe ishoboka mu bukungu, umusaruro wa buri ntambwe ugomba kuba munini gute?
•0.999^600= 54.8%
•0.9999^600=94.2%
Umusaruro wa buri gikorwa ugomba kugera kuri 99.99% kugira ngo umusaruro wa nyuma w’igikorwa ugere kuri 90%, kandi ubwandu bw’udukoko duto buzagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku musaruro w’igikorwa.
2.2 Kwihutisha igikorwa: Gukorera ahantu hasukuye bishobora kugabanya isuku idakenewe no kongera gukora, bigatuma igikorwa cyo gukora kirushaho kuba cyiza.
3. Kugenzura ubuzima n'umutekano by'abakozi
3.1 Ubuzima ku kazi: Ku bikorwa bimwe na bimwe bishobora gusohora ibintu byangiza, ibyumba bisukuye bishobora gukumira ibintu byangiza gukwirakwira mu bidukikije no kurinda ubuzima bw'abakozi. Kuva iterambere ry'abantu ryatangira, ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho n'ubumenyi byarazamutse, ariko ubwiza bw'umwuka bwaragabanutse. Umuntu ahumeka 270.000 M3 y'umwuka mu buzima bwe, kandi amara 70% kugeza 90% by'igihe cye mu nzu. Uduce duto duhumekwa n'umubiri w'umuntu tugashyirwa mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Uduce twa 5 kugeza kuri 30um dushyirwa mu mazuru, utwo duce twa 1 kugeza kuri 5um dushyirwa mu miyoboro ya trachea na bronchi, naho utwo duce turi munsi ya 1um dushyirwa mu rukuta rw'imiyoboro y'amaraso.
Abantu bamara igihe kirekire mu cyumba kidafite umwuka mwiza uhagije bakunze kurwara indwara zo mu nzu, bafite ibimenyetso nko kuribwa umutwe, gufungana mu gituza, no kunanirwa, ndetse banakunze kurwara indwara z'ubuhumekero n'imitsi. Igipimo cy'igihugu cyange cya GB/T18883-2002 kivuga ko ingano y'umwuka mwiza igomba kuba munsi ya 30m3/h.
Ingano y'umwuka mwiza mu cyumba gisukuye igomba gufata agaciro ntarengwa k'ibintu bibiri bikurikira:
a. Igiteranyo cy'ingano y'umwuka ikenewe kugira ngo habeho imashini zisohora umwuka mu nzu no kwemeza agaciro k'umuvuduko mwiza mu nzu.
b. Kumenya neza ko abakozi bo mu cyumba gisukuye bakenera umwuka mwiza. Dukurikije imiterere y'icyumba gisukuye, ingano y'umwuka mwiza kuri buri muntu ku isaha ni 40m3.
3.2 Umusaruro mu buryo butekanye: Mu kugenzura ibipimo by'ibidukikije nk'ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe, ingaruka mbi z'umutekano nko gusohora amazi hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi zishobora kwirindwa kugira ngo umusaruro ukomeze kuba mwiza.
4. Uzuza ibisabwa n'amategeko n'ibisanzwe
4.1 Amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda: Inganda nyinshi zifite amahame ngenderwaho y’isuku (nka ISO 14644), kandi umusaruro ugomba gukorerwa mu byumba bisukuye by’urwego runaka. Kubahiriza aya mahame si itegeko gusa, ahubwo ni n’icyitegererezo cy’ipiganwa ry’ibigo.
Ku ntebe yo gukoreramo isukuye, ikiraro gisukuye, idirishya ryo kohereza amazi mu buryo bwa laminar, icyuma gishyushya umuyaga FFU, ikanzu isukuye, agapfundikizo k'amazi mu buryo bwa laminar, agapfundikizo ko gupima, ecran isukuye, isuku yisukura, ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa douche, ni ngombwa gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima isuku y'ibicuruzwa bihari kugira ngo birusheho kuba byiza.
4.2 Impamyabushobozi n'igenzura: Kwemeza igenzura ry'ibigo by'impamyabushobozi by'abandi no kubona impamyabushobozi zijyanye nabyo (nka GMP, ISO 9001, nibindi) kugira ngo wongere icyizere cy'abakiriya no kwagura uburyo bwo kugera ku isoko.
5. Guteza imbere udushya mu ikoranabuhanga
5.1 Inkunga y'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere: Ibyumba bisukuye bitanga ahantu heza ho kugerageza ibicuruzwa bigezweho kandi bifasha kwihutisha iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa bishya.
5.2 Kunoza imikorere: Mu gihe hagenzuwe neza, biroroha kubona no gusesengura ingaruka z'impinduka mu mikorere y'ibicuruzwa, bityo bigateza imbere kunoza imikorere.
6. Kunoza isura y'ikirango
6.1 Kugenzura ubuziranenge: Kugira ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bifite isuku yo ku rwego rwo hejuru bishobora kongera isura y'ikirango no kongera icyizere cy'abakiriya ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa.
6.2 Irushanwa ku isoko: Ibicuruzwa bishobora gukorwa ahantu hasukuye bikunze gufatwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubwiza bwo hejuru n'ubwizerwe, bifasha amasosiyete kwigaragaza mu ipiganwa rikomeye ku isoko.
7. Kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gusana no kubungabunga
7.1 Kongera igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho: Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bikora ahantu hasukuye ntibikunze kwangirika no gusaza, bityo bikongera igihe cyo gukora no kugabanya inshuro n'ikiguzi cyo kubisana.
7.2 Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu: Mu kunoza imiterere n'imicungire y'ibyumba bisukuye, kunoza imikorere myiza y'ingufu, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ikiguzi cyo kuzikoresha.
Amahame ane yo gucunga isuku y'icyumba:
1. Ntukazane:
Agace k'icyuma gipima hepa ntigashobora kuva.
Igitutu cyabugenewe kigomba kuguma mu nzu.
Abakora akazi bagomba guhindura imyenda no kwinjira mu cyumba gisukuye nyuma yo koga.
Ibikoresho byose, ibikoresho, n'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bigomba gusukurwa mbere yuko bijyanwa.
2. Ntugakore:
Abakozi bagomba kwambara imyenda idafite ivumbi.
Gabanya ibikorwa bitari ngombwa.
Ntugakoreshe ibikoresho byoroshye gukora ivumbi.
Ibintu bidakenewe ntibishobora kuzana.
3. Ntukirundanye:
Nta mfuruka n'inkombe z'imashini bigomba kuba bigoye gusukura cyangwa gusukura.
Gerageza kugabanya imiyoboro y'umwuka, imiyoboro y'amazi, n'ibindi biri imbere.
Isuku igomba gukorwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe n'igihe cyagenwe.
4. Kuramo ako kanya:
Ongera umubare w'impinduka z'umwuka.
Imashini isohora umwuka hafi y'igice gitanga ivumbi.
Kunoza imiterere y'umwuka kugira ngo wirinde ko ivumbi rifatana n'umusaruro.
Muri make, kugenzura ibidukikije mu byumba bisukuye bifite akamaro kanini mu kwemeza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa, kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro, kurinda ubuzima n'umutekano by'abakozi, kuzuza ibisabwa n'amategeko, guteza imbere udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, no kunoza isura y'ikirango. Ibigo bigomba gusuzuma ibi bintu mu gihe bubaka kandi bibungabunga ibyumba bisukuye kugira ngo birebe ko ibyumba bisukuye bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'umusaruro n'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-12-2024