Hari inkomoko ebyiri z'ingenzi z'umwanda mu cyumba cy'isuku: uduce duto n'udukoko, dushobora guterwa n'ibintu by'abantu n'ibidukikije, cyangwa ibikorwa bifitanye isano muri icyo gikorwa. Nubwo hakozwe ibishoboka byose, umwanda uzakomeza kwinjira mu cyumba cy'isuku. Ibintu byihariye bikunze kwanduza birimo imibiri y'abantu (uturemangingo, umusatsi), ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije nk'umukungugu, umwotsi, igihu cyangwa ibikoresho (ibikoresho byo muri laboratwari, ibikoresho byo gusukura), hamwe n'uburyo budakwiye bwo guhanagura no gusukura.
Abantu bakunze kwanduzanya ni abantu. Nubwo haba hari imyenda ikomeye cyane kandi hagakoreshwa uburyo bugoye bwo kuyikoresha, abakora imirimo idakwiye ni bo babangamiwe cyane n’ubwandu mu cyumba cy’isuku. Abakozi badakurikiza amabwiriza y’icyumba cy’isuku ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwanduzanya. Igihe cyose umukozi umwe akoze ikosa cyangwa akibagirwa intambwe, bizatuma icyumba cyose cy’isuku cyanduzwa. Isosiyete ishobora kwemeza gusa ko icyumba cy’isuku gisukurwa binyuze mu gukurikirana no kuvugurura amahugurwa buri gihe nta kigero cy’ubwandu cyanduye.
Izindi mpamvu zikomeye zitera ubwandu ni ibikoresho n'ibikoresho. Iyo igare cyangwa imashini bihanaguwe neza mbere yo kwinjira mu cyumba cy'isuku, bishobora kuzana mikorobe. Akenshi, abakozi ntibazi ko ibikoresho bifite amapine bizunguruka ku buso bwanduye iyo bisunitswe mu cyumba cy'isuku. Ubuso (harimo hasi, inkuta, ibikoresho, nibindi) bupimwa buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe niba bufite umubare ufatika hakoreshejwe ibyuma byabugenewe birimo ibikoresho byo gukura nka Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) na Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). TSA ni uburyo bwo gukura bwagenewe bagiteri, naho SDA ni uburyo bwo gukura bwagenewe ibishishwa n'umusemburo. TSA na SDA bikunze gushyirwa mu bushyuhe butandukanye, aho TSA ihura n'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 30-35˚C, ari na bwo bushyuhe bwiza bwo gukura kuri bagiteri nyinshi. Ubwoko bwa 20-25˚C ni bwiza cyane ku bwoko bwinshi bwa ibishishwa n'umusemburo.
Inzira y'umwuka yahoze ari yo mpamvu ikunze kwanduzanya, ariko sisitemu za HVAC zo muri iki gihe zo mu cyumba cy'isuku zakuyeho ubwandu bw'umwuka. Umwuka wo mu cyumba cy'isuku ugenzurwa kandi ugakurikiranwa buri gihe (urugero, buri munsi, buri cyumweru, buri gihembwe) kugira ngo harebwe umubare w'uduce, umubare ufatika, ubushyuhe, n'ubushuhe. Utwuma twa HEPA dukoreshwa mu kugenzura umubare w'uduce mu kirere kandi dufite ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura uduce kugeza kuri 0.2µm. Utwo twuma dukunze kuguma dukora ku muvuduko uhamye kugira ngo umwuka ukomeze kuba mwiza mu cyumba. Ubushyuhe bukunze kubikwa ku rwego rwo hasi kugira ngo hirindwe kororoka kwa dukoko nka bagiteri n'ibihumyo bikunda ahantu hatose.
Mu by’ukuri, umuntu ukoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo ni we utera umwanda ku rwego rwo hejuru kandi rukunze kugaragara mu cyumba cy’isuku.
Inkomoko n'inzira zinjiyemo z'ubwandu ntibitandukanye cyane bitewe n'inganda, ariko hari itandukaniro hagati y'inganda ku bijyanye n'urwego rw'ubwandu rwihanganirwa n'urwego rudashobora kwihanganirwa. Urugero, abakora ibinini bishobora kuribwa ntibakeneye kugira isuku nk'iy'abakora imiti iterwa mu mubiri w'umuntu.
Inganda zikora imiti zifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira kwanduza mikorobe ugereranyije n’inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho. Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya mikorobe zikora ibikoresho bya mikorobe ntizishobora kwakira ubwandu ubwo aribwo bwose kugira ngo zirebe ko ibicuruzwa bikora neza. Kubwibyo, izi sosiyete zihangayikishijwe gusa n’uburyo ibicuruzwa bigomba gushyirwa mu mubiri w’umuntu n’imikorere ya chip cyangwa terefone igendanwa. Ntabwo zihangayikishijwe cyane n’ibihumyo, ibihumyo cyangwa ubundi bwoko bw’ubwandu bwa mikorobe mu cyumba cy’isuku. Ku rundi ruhande, inganda zikora imiti zihangayikishijwe n’ibintu byose bizima n’ibyapfuye bishobora kwanduza.
Inganda zikora imiti zigenzurwa na FDA kandi zigomba gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga isuku (GMP) kuko ingaruka z'ubwandu mu nganda zikora imiti ari mbi cyane. Abakora imiti ntibagomba gusa kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byabo nta bagiteri zirimo, ahubwo basabwa no kugira inyandiko no gukurikirana ibintu byose. Isosiyete ikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga rihanitse ishobora kohereza mudasobwa igendanwa cyangwa televiziyo igihe cyose ikoze igenzura ryayo ry'imbere. Ariko ntabwo byoroshye ku nganda zikora imiti, niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa ko isosiyete igira, ikoresha kandi ikandika uburyo bwo gukora isuku mu cyumba. Bitewe n'ikiguzi, amasosiyete menshi akoresha serivisi zo hanze zikora isuku kugira ngo zikore serivisi zo gusukura.
Gahunda yuzuye yo gupima ibidukikije mu cyumba cy’isuku igomba kuba irimo uduce tw’ikirere tugaragara n’ututagaragara. Nubwo nta tegeko risaba ko ibintu byose byanduye muri ibi bidukikije bigaragazwa na mikorobe. Gahunda yo kugenzura ibidukikije igomba kuba irimo urwego rukwiye rwo kumenya bagiteri mu gukuramo ingero. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya bagiteri buhari ubu.
Intambwe ya mbere mu kumenya bagiteri, cyane cyane iyo bigeze ku bijyanye no kwitandukanya mu cyumba cyo kwisukura, ni uburyo bwa Gram stain, kuko bushobora gutanga ibimenyetso byo gusobanura aho mikorobe zandurira. Iyo mikorobe zitandukaniye no kumenya inkomoko yazo zigaragaza ko ari Gram-positive cocci, ubwandu bushobora kuba bwaraturutse ku bantu. Iyo mikorobe zitandukaniye no kumenya inkomoko yazo zigaragaza inkoni za Gram-positive, ubwandu bushobora kuba bwaraturutse ku mukungugu cyangwa ubwoko bw’imiti idakira. Iyo kwitandukanya no kumenya inkomoko yazo bigaragaza inkoni za Gram-negative, isoko y’ubwandu ishobora kuba yaturutse mu mazi cyangwa ku buso butose.
Kumenya mikorobe mu cyumba cy’imiti ni ngombwa cyane kuko bifitanye isano n’ibintu byinshi byo kugenzura ubuziranenge, nko gusuzuma ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima mu nganda; gupima bagiteri ku bicuruzwa byangiritse; ibinyabuzima bitavuzwe amazina mu bicuruzwa byangiritse no mu mazi; kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika fermentation mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga; no kugenzura ibizamini bya mikorobe mu gihe cyo kwemeza. Uburyo bwa FDA bwo kwemeza ko bagiteri zishobora kubaho mu bidukikije runaka buzagenda burushaho kugaragara. Iyo urwego rw’ubwandu bwa mikorobe rurenze urwego rwagenwe cyangwa ibisubizo by’ibizamini bya fertility bigaragaza ko byanduye, ni ngombwa kugenzura uburyo imiti isukura kandi igakuraho ibizamini byanduza.
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kugenzura ibidukikije mu cyumba cy'isuku:
1. Ibyuma byo gufatishaho
Ibi biryo byihariye byo mu buhinzi birimo uburyo bwo gukura budafite inenge, butegurwa kuba burebure kurusha impande z'isahani. Igipfukisho cy'isahani yo gufatanya gitwikira ubuso bugomba gupimwa, kandi udukoko twose tugaragara ku buso tuzafata ku buso bwa agar hanyuma tugatera. Ubu buryo bushobora kwerekana umubare wa dukoko tugaragara ku buso.
2. Uburyo bwo Guhanagura
Ibi ntibifite umwanda kandi bibikwa mu mazi asukuye neza. Agapfundikizo gashyirwa ku buso bw'ikizamini kandi mikorobe ikamenyekana binyuze mu kugarura agapfundikizo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Udupfundikizo dukunze gukoreshwa ku buso butaringaniye cyangwa ahantu bigoye gupimwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gifataho. Gupima agapfundikizo ni ikizamini cy'ubuziranenge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-21-2024