Ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi bukomeye (ICU) ni ahantu h'ingenzi mu gutanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi ku barwayi barembye cyane. Benshi mu barwayi bemewe ni abantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke kandi bashobora kwandura, ndetse bashobora no gutwara bagiteri na virusi byangiza. Niba hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa virusi zireremba mu kirere kandi kwibanda cyane, ibyago byo kwandura umusaraba ni byinshi. Kubwibyo, igishushanyo cya ICU kigomba guha agaciro gakomeye ikirere cyiza.
1. Ibisabwa mu kirere ICU
(1). Ibisabwa mu kirere
Umwuka muri ICU ugomba kuba wujuje ibyangombwa bisukuye. Mubisanzwe birasabwa ko kwibumbira hamwe kwingingo zireremba (nkumukungugu, mikorobe, nibindi) mukirere bigenzurwa murwego runaka kugirango umutekano nubuzima bwabarwayi bigerweho. Ukurikije ibipimo by'ibice byashyizwe mu byiciro, nko ukurikije ISO14644, urwego rwa ISO 5 (ibice 0,5 mm ntibirenza 35 / m³) cyangwa urwego rwo hejuru rushobora gukenerwa muri ICU.
(2). Uburyo bwo gutembera mu kirere
Sisitemu yo guhumeka muri ICU igomba gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gutembera mu kirere, nk'amazi ya laminari, gutemba kumanuka, umuvuduko mwiza, n'ibindi, kugirango bigenzure neza kandi bikureho umwanda.
(3). Kugenzura no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze
ICU igomba kugira ibice bikwiye byo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kandi bigashyirwaho inzugi zumuyaga cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwirinda ko umwanda winjira cyangwa usohoka.
(4). Ingamba zo kwanduza
Kubikoresho byubuvuzi, ibitanda, amagorofa nubundi buso, hagomba kubaho ingamba zijyanye no kwanduza hamwe na gahunda yo kwanduza buri gihe kugirango isuku yibidukikije bya ICU.
(5). Kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe
ICU igomba kugira ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bukwiye, mubisanzwe bisaba ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 20 na 25 nubushuhe bugereranije hagati ya 30% na 60%.
(6). Kugenzura urusaku
Hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kurwanya urusaku muri ICU kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka n’urusaku ku barwayi.
2. Ingingo z'ingenzi zerekana igishushanyo mbonera cya ICU
(1). Igabana ry'akarere
ICU igomba kugabanywamo ibice bitandukanye bikora, nk'ahantu hitaweho cyane, aho bakorera, umusarani, nibindi, kugirango bikorwe neza kandi bikore.
(2). Imiterere yumwanya
Tegura neza imiterere yikibanza kugirango umenye neza aho ukorera nu mwanya uhagije kubakozi bo kwa muganga kugirango bakore ibikorwa byo kuvura, gukurikirana no gutabara byihutirwa.
(3). Sisitemu yo guhumeka ku gahato
Hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo bwo guhumeka ku gahato kugira ngo butange umwuka mwiza uhagije kandi wirinde kwirundanya kwanduye.
(4). Ibikoresho byubuvuzi
Ibikoresho byubuvuzi nkenerwa, nka monitor, guhumeka, pompe zo gushiramo, nibindi, bigomba gushyirwaho ukurikije ibikenewe, kandi imiterere yibikoresho igomba kuba ishyize mu gaciro, yoroshye gukora no kubungabunga.
(5). Amatara n'umutekano
Tanga amatara ahagije, harimo urumuri rusanzwe n’amatara y’ubukorikori, kugira ngo abakozi b’ubuvuzi bashobore gukurikirana neza no kuvura neza, kandi barebe ingamba z’umutekano, nk'ibikoresho byo gukumira umuriro ndetse n’uburyo bwo gutabaza byihutirwa.
(6). Kurwanya indwara
Shiraho ibikoresho nkubwiherero n’ibyumba byanduza, kandi ushyireho uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango ugenzure neza ibyago byo kwandura.
3. ICU ikorera ahantu hasukuye
(1). Sukura ahakorerwa ibikorwa byubaka
Abakozi bo mu buvuzi n’abaforomo basukura ahakorerwa ibiro by’abafasha, abakozi b’ubuvuzi n’abaforomo bahindura ahantu, ahantu hashobora kwanduzwa, icyumba gikoreramo igitutu cyiza, icyumba gikoreramo igitutu, icyumba gikoreramo, n’ibindi.
(2). Sukura icyumba cyo gukoreramo
Mubisanzwe, uburyo bwurutoki rufite imiyoboro myinshi ihumanya koridoro yo kugarura imiterere. Ahantu hasukuye kandi handuye mucyumba cyo gukoreramo haragabanijwe neza, kandi abantu nibintu byinjira mucyumba cyo gukoreramo binyuze mumirongo itandukanye. Ahantu ho gukorera hagomba gutegurwa hakurikijwe ihame rya zone eshatu ninzira ebyiri zibitaro byindwara zandura. Abakozi barashobora kugabanwa ukurikije koridoro yimbere isukuye (umuyoboro usukuye) hamwe na koridor yo hanze yanduye (umuyoboro usukuye). Umuhanda w'imbere usukuye ni igice cyanduye, naho koridor yo hanze yanduye ni ahantu handuye.
(3). Gutandukanya agace gakoreramo
Abarwayi badahumeka barashobora kwinjira muri koridor yimbere isukuye banyuze mubyumba bisanzwe bihindura uburiri hanyuma bakajya mukarere keza gakoreramo. Abarwayi b'ubuhumekero bakeneye kunyura muri koridor yo hanze yanduye kugera ahantu hakorerwa umuvuduko mubi. Abarwayi badasanzwe bafite indwara zikomeye zandura bajya ahantu hakorerwa umuvuduko mubi bakoresheje umuyoboro udasanzwe kandi bagakora kwanduza no kuboneza urubyaro mu nzira.
4. Ibipimo byo kweza ICU
(1). Urwego rw'isuku
ICU laminar itemba ibyumba bisukuye mubisanzwe bikenera guhura nicyiciro cyisuku 100 cyangwa irenga. Ibi bivuze ko hatagomba kubaho ibice 100 bya 0.5 micron ibice kuri metero kibe yumuyaga.
(2). Umuvuduko mwiza wo gutanga umwuka
ICU laminar itemba ibyumba bisukuye mubisanzwe bikomeza umuvuduko mwiza kugirango wirinde kwanduza hanze kwinjira mubyumba. Gutanga umwuka mwiza birashobora gutuma umwuka mwiza utembera hanze kandi bikabuza umwuka wo hanze kwinjira.
(3). Akayunguruzo
Sisitemu yo gukoresha ikirere cya ward igomba kuba ifite filteri ya hepa kugirango ikureho uduce duto na mikorobe. Ibi bifasha gutanga umwuka mwiza.
(4). Guhumeka neza no kuzenguruka ikirere
Icyumba cya ICU kigomba kugira uburyo bukwiye bwo guhumeka kugira ngo umwuka uhindurwe kandi usohoke kugira ngo umwuka mwiza utemba.
(5). Gutandukanya igitutu cyiza
Kubihe bimwe bidasanzwe, nko kuvura abarwayi bafite indwara zanduza, ishami rya ICU rishobora gukenera kugira ubushobozi bubi bwo kwigunga kugirango birinde ikwirakwizwa rya virusi mubidukikije.
(6). Ingamba zikomeye zo kurwanya indwara
Icyumba cya ICU gikeneye gukurikiza byimazeyo politiki n’uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara, harimo gukoresha neza ibikoresho birinda umuntu ku giti cye, kwanduza buri gihe ibikoresho n’ibibanza, hamwe n’isuku y’amaboko.
(7). Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bikwiye
Icyumba cya ICU gikeneye gutanga ibikoresho nibikoresho bikwiye, birimo ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukurikirana, gutanga ogisijeni, sitasiyo zita ku bageze mu za bukuru, ibikoresho byangiza, n'ibindi, kugira ngo bikurikiranwe neza kandi byita ku barwayi.
(8). Kubungabunga buri gihe no gukora isuku
Ibikoresho nibikoresho byikigo cya ICU bigomba guhora bibungabunzwe kandi bigasukurwa kugirango bikore neza kandi bisukure.
(9). Amahugurwa n'uburere
Abakozi bo mu cyumba cy’ubuvuzi bakeneye amahugurwa n’uburere bikwiye kugira ngo basobanukirwe n’ingamba zo kurwanya indwara n’uburyo bukoreshwa kugira ngo bakore neza kandi bafite isuku.
5. Ibipimo byubwubatsi bwa ICU
(1). Aho uherereye
ICU igomba kugira ahantu hihariye h’imiterere kandi ikaba iri mu gace korohereza kwimura abarwayi, kwisuzumisha no kuvurwa, kandi hitabwa ku bintu bikurikira: kuba hafi y’ibiro bikuru bya serivisi, ibyumba bikoreramo, amashami yerekana amashusho, laboratoire na banki y’amaraso, n'ibindi.
(2). Isuku ry'ikirere
ICU igomba kugira umwuka mwiza no kumurika. Nibyiza ko hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kweza ikirere hamwe nicyerekezo cyogutwara ikirere kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, gishobora kwigenga kugenzura ubushyuhe nubushuhe mubyumba. Urwego rwo kwezwa muri rusange ni 100.000. Sisitemu yo guhumeka ya buri cyumba kimwe igomba kugenzurwa yigenga. Igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byo gukaraba intoki hamwe nibikoresho byangiza.
(3). Ibishushanyo mbonera
Igishushanyo mbonera cya ICU kigomba gutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kureba abakozi bo mubuvuzi hamwe numuyoboro wo kuvugana nabarwayi vuba bishoboka. ICU igomba kuba ifite ubuvuzi bwuzuye burimo abakozi binjira hamwe nibikoresho, cyane cyane binyuze mumihanda itandukanye yo gusohoka no gusohoka kugirango hagabanuke inzitizi zitandukanye nindwara zanduza.
(4). Imitako
Imitako yinyubako yibyumba bya ICU igomba gukurikiza amahame rusange yo kutagira umukungugu, nta kwegeranya umukungugu, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya ubushuhe no kurwanya indwara, kurwanya anti-static, gusukura byoroshye no gukingira umuriro.
(5). Sisitemu y'itumanaho
ICU igomba gushyiraho sisitemu yitumanaho yuzuye, urusobe nubuvuzi bwo gucunga amakuru, sisitemu yo gutangaza amakuru, hamwe na sisitemu yo guhamagara.
(6). Imiterere rusange
Imiterere rusange ya ICU igomba gutuma agace k’ubuvuzi gashyirwa ibitanda, agace k’ibyumba by’abafasha mu buvuzi, agace k’imyanda y’imyanda hamwe n’abakozi b’ubuvuzi batuye mu byumba by’abafasha byigenga ugereranije no kugabanya kwivanga no koroshya kurwanya indwara.
(7). Igenamiterere rya Ward
Intera iri hagati yigitanda gifunguye muri ICU ntabwo iri munsi ya 2.8M; buri ICU ifite ibikoresho byibura icyumba kimwe gifite ubuso buri munsi ya 18M2. Ishyirwaho ry’ingutu n’ingutu zitari nziza muri buri ICU birashobora kugenwa hakurikijwe isoko yihariye y’umurwayi hamwe n’ibisabwa n’ishami rishinzwe ubuzima. Mubisanzwe, 1 ~ 2 ibyiciro bibi byo kwigunga bifite ibikoresho. Ukurikije ubushobozi bwabantu hamwe namafaranga ahagije, ibyumba byinshi cyangwa ibyumba bigabanijwe bigomba gutegurwa.
(8). Ibyumba by'abafasha by'ibanze
Ibyumba by’ubufasha by’ibanze bya ICU birimo ibiro by’umuganga, ibiro by’umuyobozi, icyumba cy’abakozi, aho bakorera, icyumba cyo kuvura, icyumba cyo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge, icyumba cy’ibikoresho, icyumba cyo kwambariramo, icyumba cy’isuku, icyumba cyo gutunganya imyanda, icyumba cy’imirimo, ubwiherero, n’ibindi.
(9). Kugenzura urusaku
Usibye ibimenyetso byo guhamagara umurwayi hamwe nijwi ryo gutabaza igikoresho cyo gukurikirana, urusaku muri ICU rugomba kugabanuka kurwego rwo hasi rushoboka. Igorofa, urukuta hamwe nigisenge bigomba gukoresha ibikoresho byiza byo kubaka inyubako nziza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-20-2025