Ivuriro ryihuta (ICU) ni ahantu heza ho gutanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi ku barwayi barembye cyane. Abenshi mu barwayi bakirwa ni abantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke kandi bashobora kwandura indwara, ndetse bashobora no kuba bafite bagiteri na virusi byangiza. Iyo hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'udukoko tugenda mu kirere kandi umubare watwo ukaba munini, ibyago byo kwandura indwara zitandukanye biba byinshi. Kubwibyo, imiterere ya ICU igomba guha agaciro cyane ubwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu.
1. Ibisabwa ku isuku y'umwuka muri ICU
(1). Ibisabwa ku bwiza bw'umwuka
Umwuka uri muri ICU ugomba kuba wujuje ibisabwa ku isuku yo hejuru. Ubusanzwe bisaba ko ubwinshi bw'uduce duto (nk'umukungugu, mikorobe, nibindi) mu kirere bugenzurwa mu rugero runaka kugira ngo habeho umutekano n'ubuzima bw'abarwayi. Dukurikije ingano y'uduce, nko hakurikijwe ibipimo bya ISO14644, urwego rwa ISO 5 (uduce 0.5μm ntiturenga 35/m³) cyangwa urwego rwo hejuru rushobora kuba rukenewe muri ICU.
(2). Uburyo bw'umwuka utembera
Sisitemu yo guhumeka muri ICU igomba gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo guhumeka, nko gutembera mu kirere, gutembera mu kirere, umuvuduko mwiza, nibindi, kugira ngo igenzure neza kandi ikurweho imyanda.
(3). Kugenzura ibicuruzwa byinjira n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga
ICU igomba kugira inzira zikwiye zo kwinjiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kandi ikaba ifite inzugi zifunguye cyangwa uburyo bwo kugenzura ko ibintu binyuramo bidashobora kwinjira cyangwa gusohoka.
(4). Ingamba zo kwica udukoko
Ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ibitanda, hasi n'ahandi hantu, hagomba kubaho ingamba zijyanye no kwiyica udukoko ndetse na gahunda zo kwiyica udukoko buri gihe kugira ngo habeho isuku mu bidukikije bya ICU.
(5). Kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe
ICU igomba kugira ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bukwiye, akenshi bigasaba ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 20 na 25 n'ubushuhe buri hagati ya 30% na 60%.
(6). Kugenzura urusaku
Ingamba zo gukumira urusaku zigomba gufatwa muri ICU kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka z'urusaku ku barwayi.
2. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gushushanya icyumba gisukuye cya ICU
(1). Igabanywa ry'akarere
ICU igomba kugabanywamo ibice bitandukanye by’imikorere, nko mu cyumba cyita ku barwayi barembye cyane, aho kubaga, ubwiherero, nibindi, kugira ngo icungwe neza kandi ikore neza.
(2). Imiterere y'umwanya
Teganya neza imiterere y'aho hantu kugira ngo habeho ahantu hahagije ho gukorera n'ahantu ho gukorera abakozi b'abaganga kugira ngo bakore ibikorwa byo kuvura, gukurikirana no gutabara mu gihe cy'impanuka.
(3). Sisitemu yo guhumeka ikoresheje ingufu
Hakwiye gushyirwaho uburyo bwo guhumeka buhagije kugira ngo habeho umwuka mwiza uhagije kandi hirindwe ko imyanda ikomeza kwiyongera.
(4). Imiterere y'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi
Ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bikenewe, nk'ibikoresho byo kugenzura, imashini zifasha guhumeka, imashini zitanga umwuka, n'ibindi, bigomba gushyirwaho hakurikijwe ibyo bikenewe, kandi imiterere y'ibikoresho igomba kuba ikwiye, yoroshye kuyikoresha no kuyibungabunga.
(5). Amatara n'umutekano
Tanga urumuri ruhagije, harimo n'urumuri rusanzwe n'amatara y'ubukorano, kugira ngo abakozi b'ubuvuzi bashobore gukurikirana no kuvura neza, kandi barebe neza ingamba z'umutekano, nko kwirinda inkongi z'umuriro n'ibikoresho by'ubutabazi bwihutirwa.
(6). Kurwanya ubwandu
Gushyiraho ibikoresho nk'ubwiherero n'ibyumba byo kwisukura, no gushyiraho uburyo bukwiye bwo gukora kugira ngo hagenzurwe neza ibyago byo kwandura indwara.
3. Ahantu ho gukorera isuku muri ICU
(1). Ibikoresho byo mu nyubako isukuye
Abaganga n'abaforomo basukura aho ibiro by'inyongera, aho abakozi b'abaganga n'abaforomo bahindurirwa, aho hashobora kwanduzwa n'umwanda, aho kubaga hafite umuvuduko mwiza, aho kubaga hafite umuvuduko mubi, aho kubaga hafite icyumba cy'inyongera, n'ibindi.
(2). Imiterere y'icyumba cyo kubariramo isukuye
Muri rusange, uburyo bwo kugarura inzira y’umwanda ikoresha intoki bukoreshwa mu gusana inzira y’umwanda. Ahantu hasukuye n’ahanduye mu cyumba cyo kubaga hagabanijwemo ibice bitandukanye, kandi abantu n’ibintu binjira mu cyumba cyo kubaga binyuze mu mirongo itandukanye y’amazi. Ahantu ho kubaga hagomba gushyirwaho hakurikijwe ihame ry’uturere dutatu n’inzira ebyiri z’ibitaro by’indwara zandura. Abakozi bashobora kugabanywa hakurikijwe inzira y’imbere isukuye (umuyoboro usukuye) n’inzira y’inyuma yanduye (umuyoboro usukuye). Aho kubaga ni ahantu hasukuye gato, naho aho kubaga ni ahantu handuye.
(3). Gusukura ahantu ho gukorera
Abarwayi badahumeka bashobora kwinjira mu cyumba cy’imbere gisukuye banyuze mu cyumba gisanzwe cyo kwamburiramo ibitanda bakajya mu gice cyo kubaga gifite umuvuduko mwiza. Abarwayi bahumeka bagomba kunyura mu gice cyo hanze cyanduye bakajya mu gice cyo kubaga gifite umuvuduko mubi. Abarwayi badasanzwe bafite indwara zikomeye zandura bajya mu gice cyo kubaga gifite umuvuduko mubi banyuze mu muyoboro wihariye hanyuma bagakoresha imiti yica udukoko no gukingira indwara mu nzira.
4. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusukura ICU
(1). Urwego rw'isuku
ICU laminar flow icukura ibyumba bikunze kuba byujuje isuku yo mu cyiciro cya 100 cyangwa irenga. Ibi bivuze ko hagomba kuba hari ibice birenga 100 bya mikoroni 0.5 kuri buri metero kibe y'umwuka.
(2). Ingufu nziza zo mu mwuka
ICU laminar flow supply mu byumba isanzwe igumana igitutu cyiza kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwanda wo hanze winjira mu cyumba. Ingufu nziza zitanga umwuka mwiza zishobora gutuma umwuka mwiza usohoka kandi zikabuza umwuka wo hanze kwinjira.
(3). Imashini ziyungurura gazi (Hepa filters)
Uburyo bwo gufata umwuka mu cyumba cy’ubuhumekero bugomba kuba bufite ibyuma biyungurura umwuka bya hepa kugira ngo bikureho uduce duto n’udukoko. Ibi bifasha gutanga umwuka mwiza.
(4). Guhumeka neza no gutembera neza kw'umwuka
Icungamutungo rikwiye kugira uburyo bukwiye bwo guhumeka kugira ngo umwuka utembera neza kandi uhumeke neza kugira ngo umwuka ukomeze gutembera neza.
(5). Gutandukanya neza igitutu kibi n'umuvuduko mubi
Ku bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye, nko kuvura abarwayi barwaye indwara zandura, icyumba cy’indembe gishobora kuba gikeneye ubushobozi bwo kwitandukanya n’umuvuduko mubi kugira ngo hirindwe ko indwara zandura zakwirakwira mu bidukikije.
(6). Ingamba zikomeye zo kurwanya ubwandu
Inzu y’abarwayi ikeneye gukurikiza cyane politiki n’amabwiriza yo kurwanya ubwandu, harimo gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo kwirinda indwara, gusukura ibikoresho n’ahantu hose buri gihe, no kugira isuku y’intoki.
(7). Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bikwiye
Icyumba cy’abarwayi barembye cyane kigomba gutanga ibikoresho n’ibikoresho bikwiye, birimo ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kugenzura, gutanga umwuka wa ogisijeni, aho abantu barwarira, ibikoresho byo kwica udukoko, nibindi, kugira ngo abarwayi bakurikiranwe kandi bitabweho neza.
(8). Gutunganya no gusukura buri gihe
Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho by'icyumba cy'indembe bikeneye gusukurwa buri gihe kugira ngo bikore neza kandi bigire isuku isanzwe.
(9). Amahugurwa n'uburezi
Abaganga bo mu cyumba cy’ubuvuzi bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa n’inyigisho bikwiye kugira ngo basobanukirwe ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu n’uburyo bwo kubaga kugira ngo ahantu ho gukorera habe heza kandi hafite isuku.
5. Amabwiriza y'ubwubatsi ya ICU
(1). Aho ibintu biherereye
ICU igomba kugira ahantu hihariye kandi ikaba iherereye ahantu horoshye kwimurirwa, gusuzumwa no kuvurwa n'abarwayi, kandi ikazirikana ibi bikurikira: kuba hafi y'aho umurwayi atuye, ibyumba byo kubaga, amashami ashinzwe gufata amashusho, laboratwari n'ububiko bw'amaraso, nibindi. Iyo "ubucucike" butambitse budashobora kugerwaho, "ubucucike" buhagaze hejuru no hasi nabwo bugomba kwitabwaho.
(2). Gusukura umwuka
ICU igomba kugira umwuka mwiza n'urumuri. Ni byiza kugira sisitemu yo gusukura umwuka ifite icyerekezo cy'umwuka uva hejuru ujya hasi, ishobora kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu cyumba. Ubusanzwe urwego rwo gusukura ni 100.000. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya buri cyumba igomba kugenzurwa ukwayo. Igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byo gukaraba intoki hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gusukura intoki.
(3). Ibisabwa ku gishushanyo mbonera
Ibisabwa mu gishushanyo mbonera cya ICU bigomba gutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gukurikirana abakozi b'abaganga n'imiyoboro yo guhamagara abarwayi vuba bishoboka igihe bibaye ngombwa. ICU igomba kugira uburyo bwo kuvura bukwiye burimo uburyo abakozi bajyana n'ibikoresho, byaba byiza binyuze mu nzira zitandukanye zo kwinjira no gusohoka kugira ngo bigabanye ibibazo bitandukanye n'ubwandu butandukanye.
(4). Imitako y'inyubako
Imitako y'inyubako z'ibyumba bya ICU igomba gukurikiza amahame rusange yo kudakora ivumbi, kudakora ivumbi, kudakora ingese, kudakora ubushuhe n'ibihumyo, kudakora isuku, koroshya isuku no kwirinda inkongi.
(5). Sisitemu y'itumanaho
ICU igomba gushyiraho uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutumanaho, uburyo bwo gucunga amakuru y’imiyoboro n’amakuru y’ubuvuzi, uburyo bwo gusakaza amakuru, na sisitemu yo guhamagara.
(6). Imiterere rusange
Imiterere rusange y’icyumba cy’ubuvuzi gikorerwamo ibizamini bya muganga (ICU) igomba gutuma ahantu ho kwa muganga hashyirwa ibitanda, ahantu ho gukorera ibyumba by’ubuvuzi by’inyongera, aho gusukura imyanda n’aho abakozi b’abaganga baba mu byumba by’inyongera biba byigenga kugira ngo bigabanye ukwivanga kw’abantu no koroshya kurwanya ubwandu.
(7). Imiterere y'aho umuntu atuye
Intera iri hagati y'ibitanda bifunguye muri ICU ntabwo iri munsi ya metero 2.8; buri ICU ifite nibura icyumba kimwe gifite ubuso butari munsi ya metero 2.2. Gushyiraho icyumba cyo kwimura umuvuduko mwiza n'icy'umuvuduko mubi muri buri ICU bishobora kugenwa hakurikijwe aho umurwayi aturuka n'ibisabwa n'ishami rishinzwe ubuzima. Ubusanzwe, icyumba cyo kwimura umuvuduko mubi 1-2 kiba gifite ibikoresho. Hashingiwe ku bakozi n'amafaranga ahagije, hagomba gutegurwa ibyumba byinshi cyangwa ibyumba bigizwemo ibice.
(8). Ibyumba by'ibanze by'inyongera
Ibyumba by'ibanze by'inyongera bya ICU birimo ibiro bya muganga, ibiro by'umuyobozi, icyumba cy'abakozi, aho bakorera, icyumba cyo kuvura, icyumba cyo gutanga imiti, icyumba cyo kwambariramo ibikoresho, icyumba cyo gusukura, icyumba cyo gusukura imyanda, icyumba cy'imyitozo, icyumba cyo kwiyuhagiriramo, nibindi. ICU zifite imiterere y'umubiri zishobora gushyirwamo ibindi byumba by'inyongera, harimo ibyumba byo kwerekana, ibyumba byo kwakira imiryango, laboratoire, ibyumba byo gutegura imirire, nibindi.
(9). Kugenzura urusaku
Uretse ikimenyetso cy'umurwayi cyo guhamagara n'ijwi ry'inzogera ry'igikoresho cyo gukurikirana, urusaku rwo mu cyumba cy'indembe (ICU) rugomba kugabanuka ku rugero rwo hasi rushoboka. Hasi, ku rukuta no ku gisenge bigomba gukoresha ibikoresho byiza byo gusiga amajwi mu nyubako uko bishoboka kose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-20-2025