1. Isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibyumba birebire bifite isuku
(1). Ibyumba birebire bisukuye bifite imiterere yabyo. Muri rusange, icyumba kirekire gisukuye gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gikorwa cyo nyuma yo gukora, kandi muri rusange gikoreshwa mu guteranya ibikoresho binini. Ntibisaba isuku nyinshi, kandi ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ntibihagije. Ibikoresho ntibitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo gukora, kandi abantu ni bake cyane.
(2). Ibyumba birebire bifite isuku akenshi biba bifite inyubako nini, kandi akenshi bikoresha ibikoresho byoroheje. Isahani yo hejuru muri rusange ntiyoroshye kuyitwara bitewe n'umutwaro munini.
(3). Ikorwa n'ikwirakwizwa ry'uduce tw'umukungugu Ku byumba birebire bisukuye, isoko nyamukuru y'umwanda itandukanye n'iy'ibyumba bisukuye bisanzwe. Uretse ivumbi rikorwa n'abantu n'ibikoresho bya siporo, ivumbi ryo hejuru rigira uruhare runini. Dukurikije amakuru atangwa n'ibitabo, ivumbi rikorwa iyo umuntu ahagaze ni uduce 105/(umuntu muto), kandi ivumbi rikorwa iyo umuntu arimo kugenda ribarwa inshuro 5 kurusha iyo umuntu ahagaze. Ku byumba bisukuye bifite uburebure busanzwe, ivumbi rikorwa hejuru ribarwa kuko ivumbi rikorwa hejuru rya 8m2 ringana n'ivumbi rikorwa n'umuntu uri kuruhuka. Ku byumba birebire bisukuye, umutwaro wo gusukura uba munini mu gice cyo hasi cy'akazi k'abakozi kandi ukaba muto mu gice cyo hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'imiterere y'umushinga, ni ngombwa gufata ikintu gikwiye cyo kwirinda no gutekereza ku ivumbi ritunguranye. Ivumbi rikorwa hejuru ry'uyu mushinga rishingiye ku ivumbi rikorwa hejuru rya 6m2 ry'ubutaka, ringana n'ivumbi rikorwa n'umuntu uri kuruhuka. Uyu mushinga ubarwa hashingiwe ku bantu 20 bakora ku nshuro imwe, kandi ivumbi ry’abakozi ringana na 20% by’ivumbi ryose rikorwa, mu gihe ivumbi ry’abakozi mu cyumba gisukuye ringana na 90% by’ivumbi ryose rikorwa.
2. Imitako myiza y'icyumba cy'amaduka maremare
Imitako y'icyumba gisukuye muri rusange ikubiyemo hasi mu cyumba gisukuye, inkuta, ibisenge, n'ibikoresho bitanga umwuka mwiza, amatara, uburinzi bw'inkongi, amazi n'imiyoboro y'amazi n'ibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano n'ibyumba bisukuye. Dukurikije ibisabwa, ibahasha y'inyubako n'imitako y'imbere mu cyumba gisukuye bigomba gukoresha ibikoresho bifite umwuka mwiza kandi bidafite ubushyuhe bwinshi iyo ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bihindutse. Imitako y'inkuta n'ibisenge mu byumba bisukuye igomba kuzuza ibi bikurikira:
(1). Ubuso bw'inkuta n'ibisenge mu byumba bisukuye bugomba kuba buringaniye, bworoshye, budafite ivumbi, butagira urumuri, bworoshye gukuraho ivumbi, kandi bufite ubuso budasa neza.
(2). Ibyumba bisukuye ntibigomba gukoresha inkuta z'amabuye n'inkuta zikozweho sima. Iyo bibaye ngombwa kuzikoresha, hagomba gukorwa imirimo yumye kandi hagakoreshwa amahame yo gusigwa sima yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Nyuma yo gusigwa ku nkuta, ubuso bw'irangi bugomba gusigwa irangi, kandi irangi ritangiza umuriro, ridafite imyanya, rishobora kozwa, rikoroha, kandi ritoroshye kwinjiza amazi, rigahinduka, kandi hagatoranywa ifu. Muri rusange, imitako y'icyumba isukuye ihitamo ahanini ibyuma byiza byo ku nkuta nk'ibikoresho byo gushariza imbere. Ariko, ku nganda nini z'ahantu, bitewe n'uburebure bwo hasi, gushyiraho ibice by'ibyuma ku nkuta biragoye cyane, bifite imbaraga nke, bihenze, kandi ntibishobora kwihanganira uburemere. Uyu mushinga wasesenguye imiterere y'ibyumba bisukuye mu nganda nini n'ibisabwa kugira ngo icyumba gisukure. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusigwa imbere mu nkuta z'icyuma ntibwakoreshejwe. Hashyizweho epoxy coating ku nkuta z'umwimerere z'ubwubatsi. Nta gisenge cyashyizweho mu mwanya wose kugira ngo cyongere umwanya ukoreshwa.
3. Gutunganya uburyo umwuka unyuramo mu byumba birebire bifite isuku
Nk’uko inyandiko zibivuga, ku byumba birebire bisukuye, gukoresha sisitemu yo gukonjesha mu cyumba gisukuye bishobora kugabanya cyane ingano y’umwuka wose utangwa muri sisitemu. Mu kugabanuka k’ingano y’umwuka, ni ngombwa cyane gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhumeka neza kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwiza bwo guhumeka neza. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko umwuka uhuzwa n’umwuka ugaruka, kugabanya umuvuduko w’umwuka n’umwuka uzenguruka ahantu hasukuye, no kunoza imiterere y’umwuka uhuzwa kugira ngo habeho ingaruka nziza zo gukonjesha kw’umwuka uhuzwa. Mu mahugurwa maremare asukuye afite ibisabwa mu isuku ya 10.000 cyangwa 100.000, igitekerezo cy’imiterere y’ahantu harehare n’ahanini ho guhumeka neza gishobora kuvugwa, nko gukoresha utuzu duto mu myanya minini nko ku bibuga by’indege no mu byumba by’imurikagurisha. Hakoreshejwe utuzu duto n’umwuka wo ku ruhande, umwuka uhuzwa ushobora gukwirakwira kure. Umuvuduko w’umwuka uhuzwa n’utuzu ni uburyo bwo kugera ku mwuka binyuze mu gukoresha indege zihuta cyane zisohoka mu tuzu. Ukoreshwa cyane cyane ahantu hakonjesha mu byumba birebire bisukuye cyangwa mu nyubako rusange zifite uburebure buhanitse. Umuyoboro ufata umwuka wo ku ruhande, maze umuyoboro n'aho umwuka usohoka bishyirwa ku ruhande rumwe. Umwuka usohoka cyane uturutse mu minomero myinshi iri mu mwanya ku muvuduko mwinshi n'ingano y'umwuka mwinshi. Umuyoboro usubira inyuma nyuma y'intera runaka, ku buryo agace kose gafite icyuma gikonjesha kaba mu gace gakonjesha, hanyuma umuyoboro ugarura umwuka wo hasi ukawusubiza mu cyuma gikonjesha. Ibiranga ni umuvuduko mwinshi w'umwuka no kureshya. Umuyoboro utwara umwuka wo mu nzu kugira ngo wivange cyane, umuvuduko ugenda ugabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi umwuka munini uzenguruka ukorwa mu nzu, ku buryo agace gafite icyuma gikonjesha gafite urwego rumwe rw'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko.
4. Urugero rw'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubuhanga
Ahantu heza ho gukorera isuku (uburebure bwa metero 40, ubugari bwa metero 30, uburebure bwa metero 12) hasaba ahantu hasukuye ho gukorera munsi ya metero 5, hafite urwego rwo gusukura rwa metero 10.000 n'uburebure bwa metero 100.000, ubushyuhe bwa metero 22 ± 3 ℃, n'ubushyuhe bwa metero 30% ~ 60%.
(1). Kugena imiterere y'umwuka utembera n'inshuro zo guhumeka
Ukurikije imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'iki cyumba kirekire gisukuye, gifite ubugari bwa metero zirenga 30 kandi kidafite igisenge, uburyo busanzwe bwo gutanga umwuka usukuye mu iduka buragoye kuzuza ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa. Uburyo bwo gutanga umwuka usukuye bushingiye ku mazuru bukoreshwa kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe, ubushuhe n'isukura by'ahantu hasukuye ho gukorera (munsi ya metero 5). Igikoresho cyo gutanga umwuka usukuye gishyirwa ku rukuta rwo ku ruhande, kandi igikoresho cyo gusohora umwuka ugaruka gifite urwego rwo guhumeka gishyirwa ku rugero rumwe ku burebure bwa metero 0.25 uvuye ku butaka ku gice cyo hasi cy'urukuta rwo ku ruhande rw'iduka, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo gutunganya umwuka aho agace k'akazi gasubira mu mazuru kagasubira ku ruhande rwo hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka uri mu gace kadasukuye gakorera hejuru ya metero 5 utagira aho ukorera hapfuye mu bijyanye n'isuku, ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, kugabanya ingaruka z'ubukonje n'imirasire y'ubushyuhe iva mu gisenge cyo hanze ku gice cyo gukoreramo, no gusohora ku gihe uduce tw'umukungugu twakozwe n'icyuma cyo hejuru mu gihe cyo gukora, no gukoresha neza umwuka mwiza ukwirakwizwa kugeza kuri metero zirenga 5, umurongo w'imiyoboro mito y'umwuka ugaruka ushyirwa mu gace kadasukuye gakonjesha, bigashyiraho sisitemu nto y'umwuka ugaruka, ishobora kugabanya cyane umwanda w'agace ko hejuru kadasukuye kajya mu gace ko hasi gasukuye gakoreramo.
Dukurikije urwego rw'isuku n'imyanda ihumanya, uyu mushinga ukoresha inshuro zo guhumeka za 16 h-1 ku gice gisukuye kiri munsi ya metero 6, kandi ugakoresha imyuka ijyanye n'agace ko hejuru kadasukuye, aho umwuka uhumeka ari munsi ya 4 h-1. Mu by'ukuri, inshuro zo guhumeka z'uruganda rwose ni 10 h-1. Muri ubu buryo, ugereranije n'umwuka usukuye w'icyumba cyose, uburyo bwo gutanga umwuka usukuye bufite umurongo ugororotse ntibutuma gusa habaho inshuro zo guhumeka z'agace gasukuye kandi bugahura n'uburyo umwuka uhuzwa n'uruganda runini, ahubwo bunatuma sisitemu ibasha guhumeka neza, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha n'imbaraga z'abafana.
(2). Kubara umwuka utangwa n'imiyoboro yo ku ruhande
Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka utangwa
Ingano y'umwuka ukoreshwa mu gukonjesha mu cyumba gisukuye ni nini cyane kuruta iy'ikonjesha rusange. Kubwibyo, gukoresha neza ingano nini y'umwuka usukuye mu cyumba gisukuye no kugabanya itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka utangwa n'imashini zitanga umwuka ntibishobora gusa kuzigama ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho n'ikiguzi cyo gukora, ahubwo binatuma birushaho kuba byiza mu kwemeza ko ahantu hasukuye mu cyumba gisukuye ari heza. Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka utangwa ryabazwe muri uyu mushinga ni ts= 6℃.
Icyumba gisukuye gifite uburebure bunini, gifite ubugari bwa metero 30. Ni ngombwa kugenzura ko ibikenewe mu gice cyo hagati no kwemeza ko agace k'akazi ko gutunganya ibintu gaherereye mu gace k'umwuka ugaruka. Muri icyo gihe, ibisabwa ku rusaku bigomba kwitabwaho. Umuvuduko w'umwuka w'uyu mushinga ni metero 5/s, uburebure bw'umuyoboro ni metero 6, kandi umwuka utembera uturutse mu muyoboro mu cyerekezo kitambitse. Uyu mushinga wabaze uburyo umwuka utembera mu muyoboro. Umurambararo w'umuyoboro ni metero 0.36. Dukurikije inyandiko, umubare wa Archimedes ubarwa kuri 0.0035. Umuvuduko w'umwuka utembera mu muyoboro ni metero 4.8/s, umuvuduko w'umuyoboro ku iherezo ni metero 0.8/s, umuvuduko mpuzandengo ni metero 0.4/s, kandi umuvuduko mpuzandengo w'umuyoboro ugaruka ni munsi ya metero 0.4/s, ibi bikaba byujuje ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa ry'ibikorwa.
Kubera ko ingano y'umwuka usohoka mu kirere ari munini kandi itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka usohoka ari rito, ni hafi kimwe n'indege ya isothermal, bityo uburebure bw'indege biroroshye kwemeza. Dukurikije umubare wa Archimedean, intera iri hagati ya x/ds = 37m ishobora kubarwa, ishobora guhaza ibisabwa bya metero 15 z'umwuka usohoka mu kirere utandukanye.
(3). Ubuvuzi bw'ikibazo cy'umwuka ushyushye
Bitewe n'imiterere y'ubwinshi bw'umwuka utangwa n'itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka mu buryo busukuye, hakoreshwa umwuka ugaruka burundu, kandi umwuka ugaruka mbere na mbere ukurwa mu buryo bwo kuvura umwuka ushyushye mu mpeshyi. Igice kinini cy'umwuka ugaruka kabiri gikoreshwa, kandi umwuka mwiza uvurwa rimwe gusa hanyuma ukavangwa n'umwuka mwinshi ugaruka kabiri, bityo bigakuraho kongera gushyushya no kugabanya ubushobozi n'ingufu zikoreshwa n'ibikoresho.
(4). Ibisubizo by'ibipimo by'ubuhanga
Nyuma y’uko uyu mushinga urangiye, hakozwe ikizamini cyuzuye cy’ubuhanga. Ibipimo 20 by’ubutambitse n’ubutambitse byashyizwe mu ruganda rwose. Umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, isuku, urusaku, n’ibindi by’uruganda rusukuye byageragejwe mu buryo butaziguye, kandi ibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima byari byiza. Ibisubizo byapimwe mu buryo bw’imiterere y’akazi ni ibi bikurikira:
Umuvuduko mpuzandengo w'umwuka unyura mu gice cy'umwuka ni 3.0 ~ 4.3m / s, naho umuvuduko unyura mu gice cy'umwuka unyuramo ni 0.3 ~ 0.45m / s. Inshuro zo guhumeka mu gice gisukuye cyo gukoreramo zigomba kuba inshuro 15 / h, kandi isuku yacyo ipimwa mu cyiciro cya 10.000, byujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo.
Urusaku rwo mu nzu rwo mu rwego rwa A ni 56 dB ku gice cy'umwuka gisohoka, naho ahandi hantu hose hari munsi ya 54dB.
5. Umwanzuro
(1). Ku byumba birebire bifite isuku kandi bidasaba cyane, imitako yoroshye ishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo hagerwe ku bisabwa mu ikoreshwa ndetse n'ibisabwa mu isuku.
(2). Ku byumba birebire bifite isuku bisaba gusa urwego rw'isuku ruri munsi y'uburebure runaka kugira ngo bibe icyiciro cya 10.000 cyangwa 100.000, uburyo bwo gutanga umwuka hakoreshejwe imiyoboro isukuye ifite imiterere iciriritse ni uburyo buhendutse, bufatika kandi bufite akamaro.
(3). Kuri ubu bwoko bw'ibyumba birebire bisukuye, umurongo w'aho umwuka ugaruka ushyirwa hejuru y'aho gukorera hatasukuye kugira ngo ukureho ivumbi rituruka hafi y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi no kugabanya ingaruka z'ubukonje n'ubushyuhe biva ku gisenge ku gice cyo gukoreramo, ibi bikaba bishobora gutuma ahantu ho gukorera harushaho kuba isuku, ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe.
(4). Uburebure bw'icyumba kirekire gisukuye ni inshuro zirenga enye z'icyumba gisukuye rusange. Mu bihe bisanzwe byo gukora ivumbi, byagombye kuvugwa ko umutwaro wo gusukura umwanya w'icyumba ari muto cyane ugereranyije n'icyumba gisukuye gito. Kubwibyo, dukurikije iyi ngingo, inshuro zo guhumeka zishobora kugenwa ko ziri munsi y'inshuro zo guhumeka z'icyumba gisukuye zisabwa n'amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu ya GB 73-84. Ubushakashatsi n'isesengura bigaragaza ko ku byumba birebire bisukuye, inshuro zo guhumeka ziratandukanye bitewe n'uburebure butandukanye bw'ahantu hasukuye. Muri rusange, 30% ~ 80% by'inshuro zo guhumeka zisabwa n'amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu zishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gusukura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare 18-2025