1. Gusesengura ibiranga ibyumba birebire bisukuye
(1). Ibyumba birebire bisukuye bifite imiterere yabyo. Muri rusange, icyumba kirekire gisukuye gikoreshwa cyane cyane nyuma yumusaruro, kandi muri rusange gikoreshwa muguteranya ibikoresho binini. Ntibisaba isuku ryinshi, kandi kugenzura neza ubushyuhe nubushuhe ntabwo biri hejuru. Ibikoresho ntabwo bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyo gukora, kandi hariho abantu bake.
(2). Ibyumba birebire bisukuye mubisanzwe bifite imiterere nini, kandi akenshi ukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje. Isahani yo hejuru ntabwo byoroshye kwihanganira umutwaro munini.
(3). Kubyara no gukwirakwiza ivumbi Kubyumba birebire bisukuye, isoko nyamukuru ihumanya itandukanye niyibyumba rusange bisukuye. Usibye ivumbi ryakozwe nabantu nibikoresho bya siporo, ivumbi ryo hejuru rifite igice kinini. Dukurikije amakuru yatanzwe nubuvanganzo, kubyara umukungugu iyo umuntu ahagaze ni ibice 105 / (min · umuntu), naho ivumbi ryumukungugu iyo umuntu yimutse abarwa nkinshuro 5 iyo umuntu ahagaze. Kubyumba bisukuye byuburebure busanzwe, kubyara umukungugu wo hejuru ubarwa nkumukungugu wubutaka bwa 8m2 wubutaka uhwanye numukungugu wumuntu uri kuruhuka. Kubyumba birebire bisukuye, umutwaro wo kweza ni munini mubikorwa byabakozi bo hasi kandi bito mubice byo hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'ibiranga umushinga, birakenewe gufata ingamba z'umutekano zikwiye z'umutekano no gutekereza ku ihumana ry'umukungugu ritunguranye. Gukuramo ivumbi hejuru yuyu mushinga bishingiye ku ivumbi ryubutaka bwa 6m2 yubutaka, ibyo bikaba bihwanye no kubyara umukungugu wumuntu uruhutse. Uyu mushinga ubarwa ushingiye ku bantu 20 bakora kuri buri mwanya, kandi ivumbi ryabakozi rifite 20% gusa yumubyimba wuzuye, mugihe ivumbi ryabakozi mubyumba rusange bisukuye bingana na 90% yumubyimba wuzuye.
2. Sukura icyumba cyo gushushanya amahugurwa maremare
Imitako y'icyumba isukuye muri rusange ikubiyemo amagorofa asukuye, ibisenge by'urukuta, ibisenge, hamwe no gushyigikira ubukonje, gucana, kurinda umuriro, gutanga amazi n'amazi n'ibindi bintu bijyanye n'ibyumba bisukuye. Ukurikije ibisabwa, ibahasha yinyubako nubusharire bwimbere bwicyumba gisukuye bigomba gukoresha ibikoresho bifite umwuka mwiza hamwe no guhindura ibintu bito mugihe ubushyuhe nubushuhe bihindutse. Imitako yinkuta nigisenge mubyumba bisukuye bigomba kuba byujuje ibi bikurikira:
(1). Ubuso bwurukuta nigisenge mubyumba bisukuye bigomba kuba biringaniye, byoroshye, bitarimo ivumbi, bidafite urumuri, byoroshye kuvanaho umukungugu, kandi bifite ubuso buke butaringaniye.
(2). Ibyumba bisukuye ntibigomba gukoresha inkuta zubakishijwe inkuta. Iyo bibaye ngombwa kubikoresha, imirimo yumye igomba gukorwa kandi hagomba gukoreshwa ibipimo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Nyuma yo guhomesha inkuta, hejuru y irangi hagomba gusigwa irangi, hanyuma hagatoranywa irangi ririnda umuriro, ridafite amashanyarazi, ryogejwe, ryoroshye, kandi ntiroroshye gufata amazi, kwangirika, no kubumba. Muri rusange, imitako yicyumba isukuye cyane cyane ihitamo icyuma cyometseho ifu yicyuma nkibikoresho byo gushushanya imbere. Nyamara, ku nganda nini zo mu kirere, bitewe n'uburebure bwo hejuru, gushyiramo ibice by'urukuta rw'ibyuma biragoye, hamwe n'imbaraga nke, igiciro kinini, no kudashobora kwihanganira ibiro. Uyu mushinga wasesenguye ibiranga ivumbi biranga ibyumba bisukuye mu nganda nini n'ibisabwa kugira isuku y'ibyumba. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kurukuta rw'icyuma imbere ntabwo bwakoreshejwe. Epoxy coating yakoreshejwe kurukuta rwubwubatsi bwa mbere. Nta gisenge cyashyizwe mumwanya wose kugirango wongere umwanya ukoreshwa.
3. Gutunganya ikirere cyibyumba birebire bisukuye
Ukurikije ubuvanganzo, ku byumba birebire bisukuye, gukoresha sisitemu yo guhumeka ibyumba bisukuye birashobora kugabanya cyane ubwinshi bwogutanga ikirere cya sisitemu. Kugabanuka kwijwi ryumwuka, ni ngombwa cyane cyane gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo guhumeka ikirere kugirango ubone ingaruka nziza zo guhumeka neza. Birakenewe kwemeza uburinganire bwogutanga ikirere no kugaruka kwikirere, kugabanya umuyaga hamwe nu mwuka uzunguruka ahantu hakorerwa isuku, no kuzamura ibiranga ikwirakwizwa ryimyuka ihumeka kugirango bigire uruhare runini muguhindura ingaruka zoguhumeka kwikirere. Mu mahugurwa maremare afite isuku hamwe n’ibyiciro 10,000 cyangwa 100.000 bisabwa kugira isuku, igitekerezo cyo gushushanya ahantu hanini kandi hanini hagamijwe guhumeka neza hashobora kuvugwa, nko gukoresha urusaku ahantu hanini nko ku bibuga byindege ndetse n’ahantu herekanwa. Ukoresheje urusaku hamwe no gutanga umwuka kuruhande, umwuka urashobora gukwirakwira intera ndende. Gutanga ikirere cya Nozzle nuburyo bwo kugera ku kirere hishimikijwe indege yihuta yasohotse muri nozzles. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ahantu hakonjesha ibyumba birebire bisukuye cyangwa ahantu hubatswe rusange hamwe nuburebure bwo hejuru. Nozzle ifata ikirere cyo kuruhande, kandi nozzle hamwe nugusubira mu kirere byateguwe kuruhande rumwe. Umwuka usohokana cyane muri nozzles nyinshi zashyizwe mumwanya kumuvuduko mwinshi nubunini bunini bwikirere. Indege isubira inyuma nyuma yintera runaka, ku buryo ahantu hose hashyizwemo umwuka haba ahantu hagarukira, hanyuma umwuka wo kugaruka ugashyirwa hepfo ukayisubiza mu gice cyoguhumeka. Ibiranga ni umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutanga ikirere hamwe nintera ndende. Indege itwara umwuka wo mu nzu kuvanga cyane, umuvuduko ugenda ugabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi umwuka munini uzunguruka ukorwa mu nzu, ku buryo agace gafite ikirere kibona ubushyuhe bumwe hamwe n'umurima wihuta.
4. Urugero rwo gushushanya
Amahugurwa maremare asukuye (m 40 z'uburebure, m 30 z'ubugari, metero 12 z'uburebure) akenera ahantu hasukuye munsi ya m 5, hamwe nurwego rwo kweza rwa static 10,000 kandi rufite imbaraga 100.000, ubushyuhe tn = 22 ℃ ± 3 ℃, nubushuhe bugereranije fn = 30% ~ 60%.
(1). Kugena ishyirahamwe ryimyuka hamwe numwanya wo guhumeka
Urebye imikoreshereze iranga iki cyumba kirekire gisukuye, gifite ubugari burenga 30m z'ubugari kandi kidafite igisenge, uburyo busanzwe bwo gutanga amahugurwa asukuye mu kirere biragoye kuzuza ibisabwa. Uburyo bwa nozzle butanga uburyo bwo gutanga ikirere bwakoreshejwe kugirango ubushyuhe, ubushuhe n’isuku byahantu hasukuye (munsi ya m 5). Igikoresho cyo gutanga ikirere cya nozzle cyo guhuha gitunganijwe neza kurukuta rwuruhande, kandi igikoresho cyo gusubira mu kirere hamwe n’igitambambuga gitondekanye neza ku burebure bwa metero 0,25 uvuye ku butaka ku gice cyo hepfo y’urukuta rw’uruhande rw’amahugurwa, bigakora ifishi y’umuryango uva mu kirere aho akazi gakorera gasubira muri nozzle hanyuma kakagaruka kuva ku ruhande rwibanze. Muri icyo gihe, mu rwego rwo gukumira umwuka w’ahantu hatari hasukuye hejuru ya m 5 kugira ngo habe ahantu hapfuye mu bijyanye n’isuku, ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe, kugabanya ingaruka z’imishwarara ikonje n’ubushyuhe biva mu gisenge hanze y’ahantu hakorerwa, kandi ugasohora ku gihe ivu ry’umukungugu ryatewe na crane yo hejuru mu gihe cyo gukora, kandi ugakoresha mu buryo bwuzuye umuyaga usukuye ukwirakwizwa ahantu hatuje hasubijwe umuyaga utunganijwe neza. sisitemu, irashobora kugabanya cyane umwanda wahantu hahanamye hatari hasukuye kugeza aho bakorera hasukuye.
Ukurikije urwego rw’isuku n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, uyu mushinga ukoresha inshuro nyinshi zo guhumeka zingana na 16 h-1 ahantu hasukuye ikirere hasukuye munsi ya m 6, kandi ugafata umuyaga ukwiye ahantu hahanamye hatari hasukuye, hamwe n’umuyaga uhumeka uri munsi ya 4 h-1. Mubyukuri, impuzandengo yo guhumeka yikimera cyose ni 10 h-1. Muri ubu buryo, ugereranije nubushuhe busukuye bwicyumba cyose, uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ikirere cya nozzle ntigishobora gusa kwemeza neza guhumeka ikirere cyahantu hasukuye ikirere kandi gihura nishirahamwe ryogutwara ikirere cyuruganda runini, ariko kandi rizigama cyane sisitemu yumwuka, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha hamwe nimbaraga zabafana.
(2). Kubara impande zozzle zitanga ikirere
Tanga itandukaniro ryubushyuhe bwikirere
Umuyaga uhumeka usabwa kugirango icyumba cyogeza icyumba gisukuye ni kinini cyane kuruta icyuma rusange. Kubwibyo, gukoresha neza ubwinshi bwumwuka mwinshi wicyumba cyoguhumeka neza no kugabanya itandukaniro ryubushyuhe bwikirere bwogutanga ikirere ntigishobora gusa kuzigama ubushobozi bwibikoresho nigiciro cyogukora, ariko kandi birashobora no gutuma habaho uburyo bwo guhumeka neza neza mubyumba bisukuye neza. Itangwa ryubushyuhe bwikirere butandukanye muri uyu mushinga ni ts = 6 ℃.
Icyumba gisukuye gifite umwanya munini ugereranije, ufite ubugari bwa m 30. Birakenewe kwemeza ibisabwa byuzuzanya mu gice cyo hagati no kwemeza ko aho imirimo ikorerwa igarukira mu kirere. Mugihe kimwe, ibisabwa byurusaku bigomba gusuzumwa. Umuvuduko wo gutanga ikirere cyuyu mushinga ni 5 m / s, uburebure bwa nozzle ni 6 m, naho umwuka woherejwe woherejwe uva muri nozzle werekeza kuri horizontal. Uyu mushinga wabaze nozzle itanga ikirere. Diameter ya nozzle ni 0.36m. Ukurikije ibitabo, umubare wa Archimedes ubarwa ni 0.0035. Umuvuduko wo gutanga umwuka wa nozzle ni 4.8m / s, umuvuduko wa axial kumpera ni 0.8m / s, umuvuduko ugereranije ni 0.4m / s, naho umuvuduko mpuzandengo wo kugaruka uri munsi ya 0.4m / s, wujuje ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe inzira.
Kubera ko ubwinshi bwumwuka wogutanga umwuka mwinshi ari munini kandi itandukaniro ryubushyuhe bwo gutanga ikirere ni rito, birasa nkindege ya isothermal, bityo uburebure bwindege biroroshye kubyemeza. Ukurikije umubare wa Archimedean, ugereranije intera x / ds = 37m irashobora kubarwa, ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa bya 15m guhuzagurika kuruhande rutanga umwuka utembera.
(3). Kuvura ikirere
Urebye ibiranga ubwinshi bwikirere gitanga hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwo gutanga ikirere muburyo bwo gushushanya ibyumba bisukuye, ikoreshwa ryuzuye rikorwa mwuka wo kugaruka, kandi umwuka wambere wo kugaruka ukurwaho muburyo bwo kuvura ikirere. Umubare ntarengwa wumwuka wongeye kugaruka wemewe, kandi umwuka mwiza uvurwa rimwe gusa hanyuma ukavangwa numwuka mwinshi wo kugaruka kwa kabiri, bityo bikuraho ubushyuhe no kugabanya ubushobozi nogukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mubikoresho.
(4). Ibisubizo byo gupima ubwubatsi
Nyuma yuyu mushinga urangiye, hakozwe ikizamini cyuzuye cyubuhanga. Ingingo 20 zose zipimye kandi zihagaritse zashyizweho mubihingwa byose. Umuvuduko w umuvuduko, umurima wubushyuhe, isuku, urusaku, nibindi byigihingwa gisukuye byageragejwe mubihe bihamye, kandi ibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima byari byiza. Ibisubizo byapimwe mubishushanyo mbonera byakazi ni ibi bikurikira:
Impuzandengo yumuvuduko wumwuka uva mukirere ni 3.0 ~ 4.3m / s, naho umuvuduko uhuza ibice bibiri bihabanye ni 0.3 ~ 0.45m / s. Inshuro zoguhumeka ahantu hasukuye hashobora kuba inshuro 15 / h, kandi isuku yayo ikapimwa ko iri mubyiciro 10,000, byujuje ibisabwa neza.
Urusaku rwo mu nzu A urwego ni 56 dB mugusubira mu kirere, naho ahandi ukorera byose biri munsi ya 54dB.
5. Umwanzuro
(1). Kubyumba birebire bisukuye bidafite ibyangombwa byinshi cyane, imitako yoroshye irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango igere kubikenewe hamwe nibisabwa kugira isuku.
(2). Kubyumba birebire bisukuye bisaba gusa urwego rwisuku yubuso buri munsi yuburebure runaka kugirango bibe ibyiciro 10,000 cyangwa 100.000, uburyo bwo gutanga ikirere cyoguhumeka neza kandi ni uburyo bwubukungu, bufatika kandi bunoze.
(3). Kuri ubu bwoko bwibyumba birebire bisukuye, umurongo wibisohoka byindege byashyizwe mumwanya wo hejuru udafite isuku kugirango ukureho umukungugu uturuka hafi ya gari ya moshi kandi bigabanye ingaruka ziterwa nimirasire yubukonje nubushyuhe biva mumisenge kumurimo wakazi, ibyo bikaba bishobora kurushaho kugira isuku nubushyuhe nubushuhe bwumurimo.
(4). Uburebure bwicyumba kirekire gisukuye burenze inshuro 4 icyumba rusange gisukuye. Mugihe gisanzwe cyumusaruro wumukungugu, hakwiye kuvugwa ko umutwaro wo gutunganya umwanya uri munsi cyane ugereranije nicyumba rusange gisukuye. Kubwibyo, ukurikije iyi myumvire, inshuro zo guhumeka zirashobora kugenwa kuba munsi yumuvuduko uhumeka wicyumba gisukuye wasabwe na GB 73-84 yigihugu. Ubushakashatsi nisesengura byerekana ko mubyumba birebire bisukuye, inshuro zo guhumeka ziratandukana bitewe nuburebure butandukanye bwahantu hasukuye. Mubisanzwe, 30% ~ 80% yumwanya wo guhumeka wasabwe nuburinganire bwigihugu birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo kwezwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-18-2025