Mu myaka ya vuba aha, amasafuriya y'ibyuma akoreshwa cyane nk'amasafuriya yo ku rukuta no ku gisenge cy'icyumba kandi yabaye ingenzi mu kubaka ibyumba bisukuye by'inganda zitandukanye.
Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu "Amabwiriza agenga igishushanyo mbonera cy’inyubako zo gusukura" (GB 50073), inkuta n’ibisenge by’icyumba bisukuye hamwe n’ibikoresho byabyo by’ibanze bigomba kuba bitagishobora gushya, kandi ibikoresho by’umwimerere ntibigomba gukoreshwa; Imipaka yo kurwanya umuriro ku nkuta n’ibisenge ntibigomba kuba munsi y’amasaha 0.4, kandi imipaka yo kurwanya umuriro ku bisenge mu nzira yo kuva mu nzu ntigomba kuba munsi y’amasaha 1.0. Igisabwa cy’ibanze mu guhitamo ubwoko bw’ibisenge by’icyuma mu gihe cyo gushyiraho icyumba gisukuye ni uko abatujuje ibisabwa byavuzwe haruguru batagomba gutoranywa. Mu mahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu "Amabwiriza agenga ubwubatsi n’ubwiza bw’imyitozo yo gusukura" (GB 51110), hari ibisabwa n’amabwiriza agenga ishyirwaho ry’ibisenge by’icyumba gisukuye.
(1) Mbere yo gushyiraho amabati yo ku gisenge, gushyiraho imiyoboro itandukanye, ibikoresho by'imikorere, n'ibikoresho biri mu gisenge gihagaze, ndetse no gushyiraho inkoni zo gufunga imiyoboro n'ibice bifungitse, harimo gukumira inkongi, kurwanya ingese, kurwanya ububobere, ingamba zo gukumira ivumbi, n'indi mirimo ihishe ijyanye n'igisenge gihagaze, bigomba gusuzumwa no gutangwa, kandi inyandiko zigasinywa hakurikijwe amabwiriza. Mbere yo gushyiraho amabati yo ku gisenge, inzira zo gutanga uburebure bw'icyumba, kuzamura imyobo, no kuzamura imiyoboro, ibikoresho, n'ibindi bishyigikizo biri mu gisenge gihagaze bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Kugira ngo hamenyekane umutekano w'ikoreshwa ry'amabati yo ku gisenge adafite ivumbi kandi agabanye umwanda, ibice bifungitse, ibyuma bifunga imigozi n'ibifunga by'icyuma bigomba gukorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukumira ingese cyangwa kurwanya ingese; Iyo igice cyo hejuru cy'amabati yo ku gisenge gikoreshejwe nk'agasanduku k'umuvuduko udahinduka, guhuza ibice bifungitse n'ubutaka cyangwa urukuta bigomba gufungwa.
(2) Inkoni zo guhagarara, imigozi, n'uburyo bwo guhuza mu buhanga bwo gufunga ni ibintu by'ingenzi kandi bifatwa kugira ngo hubakwe neza kandi umutekano w'igisenge. Ibice byo gufunga no kumanika by'igisenge bimanitse bigomba guhuzwa n'inyubako nyamukuru, kandi ntibigomba guhuzwa n'ibikoresho n'ibishyigikizo by'imiyoboro; Ibice bimanitse by'igisenge bimanitse ntibigomba gukoreshwa nk'ibishyigikizo by'imiyoboro cyangwa ibishyigikizo by'ibikoresho cyangwa ibishingizo. Intera iri hagati y'ibishingizo igomba kuba ntoya kurusha metero 1.5. Intera iri hagati y'inkingi n'iherezo ry'igisenge cy'ingenzi ntigomba kurenza mm 300. Gushyiraho inkoni zo guhagarara, imigozi, n'ibice by'imitako bigomba kuba bitekanye kandi bikomeye. Uburebure, urwego, arch camber, n'icyuho kiri hagati y'ibice by'igisenge bimanitse bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Icyuho kiri hagati y'ibice bigomba kuba bingana, hamwe n'ikosa ritarenze mm 0.5 hagati ya buri gipande, kandi bigomba gufungwa neza hakoreshejwe kole isukuye y'icyumba; Muri icyo gihe, bigomba kuba bigororotse, byoroshye, biri hasi gato y'ubuso bw'ibice, nta cyuho cyangwa umwanda. Ibikoresho, ubwoko, imiterere, nibindi by'imitako yo ku gisenge bigomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere, kandi ibicuruzwa biri aho bigomba kugenzurwa. Impande z'imigozi n'imigozi by'icyuma bigomba kuba bimwe kandi bihuye, kandi impande zombi zigomba kuba zihuye. Ahantu hazengurutse h'imashini ziyungurura umwuka, amatara, imashini zipima umwotsi, n'imiyoboro itandukanye inyura mu gisenge bigomba kuba birambuye, bifunganye, bisukuye, kandi bifunze n'ibikoresho bidashya.
(3) Mbere yo gushyiraho imbuga zo ku rukuta, hagomba gupimwa neza aho hantu, kandi hagashyirwaho imirongo neza hakurikijwe ibishushanyo mbonera. Inguni z'urukuta zigomba kuba zifatanye mu buryo buhagaze, kandi ubugari bw'urukuta ntibugomba kurenza 0.15%. Gushyiraho imbuga zo ku rukuta bigomba kuba bikomeye, kandi imyanya, ingano, ibisobanuro, uburyo bwo guhuza, n'uburyo bwo kurwanya static bw'ibice byashyizwemo n'ibihuza bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mu nyandiko z'igishushanyo. Gushyiraho ibice by'ibyuma bigomba kuba bihagaze, bigororotse, kandi biri mu mwanya ukwiye. Ingamba zo kurwanya gucika zigomba gufatwa aho imbuga zo ku gisenge n'inkuta zijyanye nabyo zihurira, kandi imbuga zigomba gufungwa. Icyuho kiri hagati y'imbuga zo ku rukuta kigomba kuba gihamye, kandi ikosa ry'icyuho cya buri mbuga ntirigomba kurenza 0.5mm. Gigomba gufungwa neza hakoreshejwe agafunga ku ruhande rw'umuvuduko mwiza; Agafunga kagomba kuba gahagaze, koroshye, kandi kari munsi gato y'ubuso bw'imbuga, nta cyuho cyangwa umwanda. Ku buryo bwo kugenzura imbuga zo ku rukuta, hagomba gukoreshwa igenzura ryo kureba, gupima urwego, no gupima urwego. Ubuso bw'urukuta rw'icyuma kimeze nk'urukuta bugomba kuba buringaniye, bworoshye kandi bufite ibara rihamye, kandi bugomba kuba bumeze neza mbere yuko agapfukamunwa ko mu maso k'urukuta gacika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-18-2023