Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bigize ibyumba bisukuye kandi ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi bitanga amashanyarazi rusange kandi ni ingenzi mu mikorere isanzwe n'umutekano w'icyumba icyo ari cyo cyose gisukuye.
Ibyumba bisukuye ni umusaruro w’iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga rishya, inzira nshya, n’ibicuruzwa bishya bihora bivuka, kandi ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa buri kwiyongera umunsi ku wundi, ibyo bigashyira imbere ibisabwa bikomeye mu isuku y’umwuka. Muri iki gihe, ibyumba bisukuye byakoreshejwe cyane mu gukora no gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nk’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, imiti ikoreshwa mu buvuzi, indege, n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Isuku y’umwuka w’icyumba gisukuye igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’ibisabwa mu isuku. Kubwibyo, imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu yo gusukura umwuka igomba gukomeza. Birumvikana ko igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bikozwe munsi y’isuku y’umwuka runaka gishobora kwiyongeraho 10% kugeza kuri 30%. Iyo umuriro w’amashanyarazi ubuze, umwuka wo mu nzu uzahita wandura, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa.
Ibyumba bisukuye ni ibyuma bifunze neza bifite ishoramari rinini n'ibiciro biri hejuru by'ibicuruzwa, kandi bisaba imikorere ihoraho, yizewe kandi ihamye. Ibura ry'amashanyarazi mu byumba bisukuye ritera ihagarara ry'umwuka, umwuka mwiza mu byumba ntushobora kongera kuzura, kandi imyuka mibi ntishobora gusohoka, ibi byangiza ubuzima bw'abakozi. Ndetse n'ibura ry'amashanyarazi ry'igihe gito rizatuma habaho ihagarara ry'igihe gito, rigatera igihombo gikomeye mu bukungu. Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bifite ibisabwa byihariye byo gutanga amashanyarazi mu byumba bisukuye akenshi biba bifite amashanyarazi adacika intege (UPS). Ibikoresho byitwa amashanyarazi bifite ibisabwa byihariye byo gutanga amashanyarazi ahanini bivuga ibidashobora kuzuza ibisabwa nubwo bakoresha uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bwikora cyangwa uburyo bwo gutangiza bwihutirwa bwa generator ya mazutu; ibidashobora kuzuza ibisabwa hamwe n'ibikoresho bihamye byo guhagarara n'ibikoresho bihoraho; sisitemu zo kugenzura mudasobwa mu gihe nyacyo na sisitemu yo kugenzura umuyoboro w'itumanaho, nibindi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibura ry'amashanyarazi ryabaye kenshi mu byumba bimwe na bimwe bisukuye mu gihugu no mu mahanga bitewe n'inkuba n'impinduka z'amashanyarazi ako kanya mu muvuduko w'amashanyarazi, bigatera igihombo kinini mu bukungu. Impamvu si ibura ry'amashanyarazi nyamukuru, ahubwo ni ibura ry'amashanyarazi ryo kugenzura. Amatara y'amashanyarazi nayo ni ingenzi mu miterere y'icyumba gisukuye. Ukurikije imiterere y'uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho by'icyumba gisukuye, ibyumba bisukuye muri rusange bikora akazi ko kureba neza, gasaba amatara akomeye kandi meza. Kugira ngo haboneke urumuri rwiza kandi ruhamye, uretse gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye nk'imiterere y'urumuri, aho urumuri ruturuka, n'urumuri rumurikira, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko amashanyarazi ahamye kandi ahamye; bitewe n'uko icyumba gisukuye kidahumeka cyane, icyumba gisukuye ntigisaba amashanyarazi gusa. Gukomeza no guhagarara kw'urumuri bitanga imikorere myiza kandi yizewe y'ibikoresho by'icyumba gisukuye no kwimura abakozi mu buryo bwiza kandi mu mutekano mu gihe habaye ikibazo. Amatara yo gusimbura, amatara yihutirwa, n'amatara yo gusohoka bigomba gutangwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza.
Ibyumba bigezweho bisukuye bifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, bihagarariwe n'ibyumba bisukuye byo gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga riciriritse, harimo ibyumba bisukuye byo gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima, ibyuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, imiti ikoreshwa neza n'ibindi bicuruzwa, ntibisaba gusa ko habaho isuku y'umwuka irushaho gukomera, ahubwo bisaba n'ibyumba bisukuye bifite ahantu hanini, ahantu hanini, n'ahantu hanini, ibyumba byinshi bisukuye bikoresha ibyuma. Uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho by'ibyumba bisukuye buragoye kandi bukora buri gihe amasaha yose. Uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa busaba gukoresha ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibintu bifite isuku nyinshi, bimwe muri byo bikaba ari imyuka ishobora gutwika, iturika n'uburozi cyangwa imiti: Imiyoboro y'umwuka yo gusukura icyuma gikonjesha mu cyumba gisukuye, imiyoboro isohora umwuka n'iy'ibikoresho byo gukora, hamwe n'imiyoboro itandukanye ya gazi n'amazi iranyuranamo. Iyo umuriro ubaye, uzanyura mu moko atandukanye y'imiyoboro y'umwuka ikwirakwira vuba. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'ubucucike bw'icyumba gisukuye, ubushyuhe butangwa ntibukorohera gucika, kandi umuriro uzakwirakwira vuba, bigatuma umuriro utera vuba. Ibyumba bisukuye bifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho akenshi bifite ibikoresho byinshi bihenze n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya neza. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'isuku y'abantu n'ibintu, inzira rusange mu bice bisukuye ziragoye kandi zigoranye gusohokamo. Kubwibyo, imiterere ikwiye y'ibikoresho birinda umutekano mu byumba bisukuye yarushijeho kwitabwaho cyane mu miterere, imyubakire n'imikorere y'ibyumba bisukuye. Ni nabyo kandi ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ba nyir'ibyumba bisukuye bagomba kwitondera.
Kugira ngo harebwe ibisabwa mu kugenzura ibidukikije bisukuye mu cyumba gisukuye, muri rusange hagomba gushyirwaho sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura yikora kugira ngo igenzure ibipimo bitandukanye by'imikorere n'ingufu bya sisitemu yo gusukura umwuka ushyushye, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi rusange n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ibikoresho bifite isuku nyinshi. Ikoreshwa, n'ibindi bigaragazwa, bigahindurwa kandi bigagenzurwa kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa bikomeye mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa byo mu cyumba gisukuye mu bijyanye n'ikorwa, kandi icyarimwe hagakorwa ibicuruzwa byagenwe bifite ubuziranenge n'ingano byemejwe hamwe n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke zishoboka (kuzigama ingufu).
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'amashanyarazi birimo: ibikoresho byo guhindura no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kongera ingufu, amashanyarazi adacika (UPS), ibikoresho byo guhindura no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi n'imirongo yo kohereza no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ku buryo bukomeye bw'amashanyarazi; ibikoresho bya telefoni, ibikoresho byo gusakaza, ibikoresho by'umutekano, nibindi ku buryo bw'umutekano w'itumanaho. Ibikoresho byo gukumira ibiza, ibikoresho byo kugenzura hagati, sisitemu y'insinga n'amatara. Abashushanya amashanyarazi mu byumba bisukuye, bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry'amashanyarazi, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura mudasobwa, ntibashobora gutanga gusa ingufu zihoraho kandi zizewe ku byumba bisukuye, ahubwo banatanga amahirwe yo gukora, kuyobora, kohereza no gukurikirana ibyumba bisukuye byikora. Ibikoresho byiza byo gufata birakenewe kugira ngo ibikoresho bikoreshwe mu buryo busanzwe n'ibikoresho by'inyongera mu byumba bisukuye, birinde ibiza bitandukanye kubaho no guteza imbere ibidukikije byiza byo gukora no gukoreramo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Ukwakira 2023