Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki:
Hamwe niterambere rya mudasobwa, microelectronics hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryamakuru, inganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoronike zateye imbere byihuse, kandi tekinoroji yicyumba isukuye nayo yaratewe imbere. Muri icyo gihe, ibisabwa byo hejuru byashyizwe imbere kugirango habeho icyumba gisukuye. Igishushanyo cyicyumba gisukuye mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki nubuhanga bwuzuye. Gusa mugusobanukirwa neza ibishushanyo mbonera biranga icyumba gisukuye mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki no gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bishobora kugabanuka ku bicuruzwa bitagira ingano mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigabanuka kandi umusaruro ukagenda neza.
Ibiranga icyumba gisukuye mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki:
Urwego rwisuku rusabwa ni rwinshi, kandi ubwinshi bwumwuka, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko, hamwe nubushyuhe bwibikoresho bigenzurwa nkuko bikenewe. Kumurika n'umuvuduko wumwuka wicyumba gisukuye bigenzurwa ukurikije igishushanyo cyangwa ibisobanuro. Byongeye kandi, ubu bwoko bwicyumba gisukuye bufite ibisabwa cyane kumashanyarazi. Ibisabwa kugirango ubuhehere burakabije. Kuberako amashanyarazi ahamye kubyara byoroshye muruganda rwumye cyane, bitera kwangirika kwa CMOS. Muri rusange, ubushyuhe bwuruganda rwa elegitoronike bugomba kugenzurwa hafi 22 ° C, nubushuhe bugereranije bugomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 50-60% (hariho amabwiriza yubushyuhe nubushuhe bijyanye nicyumba cyihariye gisukuye). Muri iki gihe, amashanyarazi ahamye arashobora kuvaho neza kandi abantu nabo bakumva bamerewe neza. Amahugurwa yo gukora chip, icyumba cyogusukura cyuzuzanya hamwe nu mahugurwa yo gukora disiki nibintu byingenzi bigize icyumba gisukuye mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kubera ko ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bifite ibisabwa cyane kubidukikije byo mu kirere no mu bwiza mu gihe cyo gukora no kubyaza umusaruro, byibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura uduce duto ndetse n’umukungugu ureremba, kandi bikagira n'amabwiriza akomeye ku bushyuhe, ubushuhe, ubwinshi bw’umwuka mwiza, urusaku, n’ibidukikije. .
1. Urusaku rwurusaku (leta yubusa) murwego rwicyumba 10,000 gisukuye cyuruganda rukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki: ntigomba kurenza 65dB (A).
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4. Ingano yumwuka mwiza mubyiciro 10,000 byogusukura inganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigomba gufata ntarengwa mubintu bibiri bikurikira:
① Kwishyura igiteranyo cyumubare wimbere wimbere hamwe numwuka wumwuka usabwa kugirango ugumane agaciro keza murugo.
② Menya neza ko umubare wumwuka mwiza uhabwa icyumba gisukuye kumuntu kumasaha atari munsi ya 40m3.
Ubushuhe bwa sisitemu isukura ibyumba bisukuye byoguhumeka neza munganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigomba kuba bifite umwuka mwiza hamwe nubushyuhe burenze ubushyuhe. Niba ingingo yo guhumeka ikoreshwa, hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo bwo kurinda amazi. Ahantu hakonje, sisitemu yumwuka mwiza igomba kuba ifite ingamba zo kwirinda ubukonje. Ingano yo gutanga ikirere cyicyumba gisukuye igomba gufata agaciro ntarengwa yibintu bitatu bikurikira: ingano yo gutanga ikirere kugirango urwego rwisuku rwikirere rwicyumba gisukuye cyuruganda rukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki; ubwinshi bwo gutanga umwuka mubyumba bisukuye byuruganda rwa elegitoronike bigenwa ukurikije ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo kubara; ingano yumuyaga mwiza uhabwa icyumba gisukuye cyuruganda rukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Inganda zikora ibinyabuzima:
Ibiranga inganda zikomoka ku binyabuzima:
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2. Ibyago by’ibinyabuzima bishobora kugaragara mubikorwa byo kubyara umusaruro, cyane cyane ingaruka zandura, bagiteri zapfuye cyangwa selile zapfuye hamwe nibigize cyangwa metabolisme kumubiri wumuntu hamwe nibindi binyabuzima uburozi, ubukangurambaga nibindi bitekerezo byibinyabuzima, uburozi bwibicuruzwa, ubukangurambaga nibindi bitekerezo biologiya, ibidukikije Ingaruka.
Ahantu hasukuye: Icyumba (agace) aho umukungugu wanduye hamwe na mikorobe yanduye mubidukikije bigomba kugenzurwa. Imiterere yinyubako, ibikoresho nogukoresha bifite umurimo wo gukumira kwinjiza, kubyara no kugumana imyanda ihumanya muri kariya gace.
Airlock: Umwanya witaruye ufite inzugi ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi hagati yibyumba bibiri cyangwa byinshi (nkibyumba bifite urwego rwisuku zitandukanye). Intego yo gushiraho indege ni ukugenzura ikirere mugihe abantu cyangwa ibikoresho byinjiye kandi bisohoka. Indege zigabanijwemo indege zabakozi hamwe nindege yibikoresho.
Ibintu byingenzi biranga icyumba gisukuye cya biofarmaceuticals: ibice byumukungugu na mikorobe bigomba kuba ibintu bigenzura ibidukikije. Isuku yamahugurwa yimiti yimiti igabanijwemo ibyiciro bine: icyiciro cyaho 100, icyiciro 1000, icyiciro 10000 nicyiciro 30000 munsi yicyiciro cya 100 cyangwa icyiciro 10000.
Ubushyuhe bwicyumba gisukuye: nta bisabwa bidasanzwe, kuri dogere 18 ~ 26, nubushuhe bugereranijwe bugenzurwa kuri 45% ~ 65%. Kurwanya umwanda wamahugurwa asukuye ya biofarmaceutical: kugenzura inkomoko y’umwanda, kugenzura uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza, no kurwanya kwanduza. Tekinoroji yingenzi yubuvuzi bwicyumba gisukuye cyane cyane kugenzura ivumbi na mikorobe. Nkumwanda, mikorobe nicyo kintu cyambere cyambere cyo kugenzura ibidukikije byicyumba. Imyanda ihumanya yegeranijwe mu bikoresho no mu miyoboro ahantu hasukuye y’uruganda rwa farumasi irashobora kwanduza imiti mu buryo butaziguye, ariko ntabwo igira ingaruka ku kizamini cy’isuku. Urwego rwisuku ntirukwiriye kuranga ibintu bifatika, imiti, radio ikora nibintu byingenzi byahagaritswe. Ntabwo umenyereye uburyo bwo gukora ibiyobyabwenge, ibitera umwanda n’ahantu umwanda uhurira, nuburyo nuburyo bwo gusuzuma bwo gukuraho umwanda.
Ibihe bikurikira biramenyerewe muguhindura ikoranabuhanga rya GMP ryibiti bya farumasi:
Bitewe no kutumva neza ibintu bifatika, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga risukuye mugikorwa cyo kurwanya umwanda ntago ari byiza, kandi amaherezo uruganda rukora imiti rwashoramari cyane muguhindura, ariko ireme ryibiyobyabwenge ntiryigeze ryiyongera cyane.
Igishushanyo mbonera no kubaka uruganda rukora imiti isukuye, gukora no gushyira ibikoresho nibikoresho mu bimera, ubwiza bwibikoresho fatizo n’ibikoresho bifasha n’ibikoresho byo gupakira bikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa, no gushyira mu bikorwa nabi uburyo bwo kugenzura abantu bafite isuku n’ibikoresho bisukuye. bizagira ingaruka ku bwiza bwibicuruzwa. Impamvu zigira ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa mubwubatsi nuko hariho ibibazo murwego rwo kugenzura ibikorwa, kandi hari akaga kihishe mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho no kubaka, aribyo bikurikira:
Wall Urukuta rw'imbere rw'umuyoboro w'ikirere wa sisitemu yo guhumeka neza ntabwo rufite isuku, ihuriro ntirifunze, kandi igipimo cyo kumeneka ikirere ni kinini cyane;
Structure Imiterere y'ibyuma by'ibara ry'icyuma ntabwo ifunze, ingamba zo gufunga icyumba gisukuye na mezzanine tekinike (igisenge) ntabwo gikwiye, kandi umuryango ufunze ntabwo ari umuyaga;
Profiles Umwirondoro wo gushushanya hamwe n'imiyoboro itunganijwe ikora inguni zapfuye hamwe no kwirundanya umukungugu mucyumba gisukuye;
Ahantu hamwe ntabwo hubatswe hakurikijwe ibisabwa kandi ntibishobora kubahiriza ibisabwa n'amabwiriza bijyanye;
Quality Ubwiza bwa kashe yakoreshejwe ntabwo bugera kurwego rusanzwe, byoroshye kugwa, no kwangirika;
Kugaruka no gusohora ibara ryicyuma cya plaque aisles irahujwe, kandi umukungugu winjira mumiyoboro yo kugaruka iva mumyuka;
W Urukuta rw'imbere rwo gusudira ntirukora iyo gusudira imiyoboro y'isuku idafite ibyuma nk'amazi asukuye n'amazi yo gutera;
Check Kugenzura imiyoboro yumuyaga yananiwe gukora, kandi gusubira inyuma kwumwuka bitera umwanda;
Quality Ubwiza bwo kwishyiriraho sisitemu yo kumena amazi ntibujuje ubuziranenge, kandi imiyoboro ya pipe nibindi bikoresho biroroshye kwegeranya umukungugu;
Difference Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wicyumba gisukuye nticyujuje ibisabwa kandi ntirishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mubikorwa.
Inganda zo gucapa no gupakira:
Hamwe niterambere ryumuryango, ibicuruzwa byinganda zicapura ninganda zipakira nabyo byateye imbere. Ibikoresho binini byo gucapa byinjiye mu musarani, bishobora kuzamura cyane ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byacapwe kandi bikongerera cyane igipimo cyibicuruzwa. Ubu kandi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo guhuza inganda zo kweza no gucapa. Gucapura byerekana cyane cyane ubushyuhe nubushuhe bwibicuruzwa mubidukikije bitwikiriye, umubare wumukungugu, kandi bigira uruhare runini mubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa no ku gipimo cyujuje ibisabwa. Inganda zipakira zigaragarira cyane cyane ku bushyuhe n’ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije, umubare w’umukungugu uri mu kirere, hamwe n’amazi meza mu gupakira ibiryo no gupakira imiti. Nibyo, uburyo bukoreshwa mubikorwa byabakozi bashinzwe umusaruro nabyo ni ngombwa cyane.
Gutera umukungugu utarimo umukungugu ni amahugurwa yigenga afunze agizwe nibikoresho bya sandwich, bishobora gushungura neza umwanda w’ikirere kibi ku bicuruzwa no kugabanya ivumbi mu gace katewe ndetse n’igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa. Gukoresha tekinoroji idafite ivumbi irusheho kunoza isura yibicuruzwa, nka TV / mudasobwa, igendanwa rya terefone igendanwa, DVD / VCD, imashini yimikino, imashini yerekana amashusho, mudasobwa ya PDA, igikonoshwa, amajwi, yumisha umusatsi, MD, maquillage , ibikinisho nibindi bikorwa. Inzira: ahantu hapakirwa → gukuramo intoki intoki removal Gukuraho umukungugu wa electrostatike → intoki / gutera imashini → ahantu humye → agace gakiza amarangi → agace gakonjesha area ahantu hacapirwa ecran area ahantu hagenzurwa ubuziranenge → aho bakirira.
Kugirango ugaragaze ko ibiryo bipfunyika ibiryo bitagira umukungugu bikora neza, bigomba kwerekana ko byujuje ibisabwa bikurikira:
Volume Ubwinshi bwogutanga ikirere cyibikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo bitarimo ivumbi birahagije kugirango bigabanye cyangwa bikureho umwanda uva mu ngo.
Umwuka uri mu biryo bipfunyika ibiryo bitagira ivumbi bitemba biva ahantu hasukuye bigana mukarere gafite isuku nke, umuvuduko wumwuka wanduye uragabanuka, kandi icyerekezo cyoguhumeka kumuryango no munzu yo murugo nibyo.
Supply Gutanga umwuka wibiryo bipfunyika ibiryo bitarimo ivumbi ntabwo bizongera cyane umwanda murugo.
Imiterere yimyuka yimbere murugo mumafunguro apfunyika ibiryo bitarimo ivumbi birashobora kwemeza ko ntahantu hateranira cyane mucyumba gifunze. Niba icyumba gisukuye cyujuje ibyangombwa byavuzwe haruguru, ubunini bwacyo cyangwa ubukana bwa mikorobe (nibiba ngombwa) burashobora gupimwa kugirango hamenyekane ko bwujuje ubuziranenge bwicyumba gisukuye.
Inganda zipakira ibiryo:
1. Gutanga ikirere hamwe nubunini bwuzuye: Niba ari icyumba gisukuye cyuzuye, noneho umwuka wacyo hamwe nubunini bwacyo bigomba gupimwa. Niba ari icyumba gisukuye kidafite icyerekezo, umuvuduko wumuyaga ugomba gupimwa.
2. Kugenzura ikirere hagati ya zone: Kugirango werekane ko icyerekezo cyoguhumeka hagati ya zone ari cyo, ni ukuvuga ko kiva ahantu hasukuye kigana mukarere gifite isuku nke, ni ngombwa kugerageza:
Difference Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko hagati ya buri karere nukuri;
Icyerekezo cyumuyaga uva kumuryango cyangwa gukingura kurukuta, hasi, nibindi nibyo, ni ukuvuga ko biva ahantu hasukuye bigana mukarere hamwe nisuku nke.
3. Akayunguruzo ko kumeneka: Akayunguruzo keza cyane hamwe n’ikigero cyacyo cyo hanze bigomba kugenzurwa kugirango umwanda uhagaritswe utazanyura:
Akayunguruzo kangiritse;
Ikinyuranyo hagati ya filteri n'ikadiri yacyo yo hanze;
③ Ibindi bice byigikoresho cyo kuyungurura no gutera icyumba.
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5. Kugenzura imyuka yo mu nzu: Ubwoko bwikizamini cyo kugenzura ikirere giterwa nuburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere cyicyumba gisukuye - cyaba ari imivurungano cyangwa icyerekezo kimwe. Niba icyumba gisukuye umwuka uhumeka neza, ugomba kugenzurwa ko nta gace kari mucyumba aho umwuka uhagije. Niba ari icyumba gisukuye kidafite icyerekezo, hagomba kugenzurwa ko umuvuduko wumuyaga nicyerekezo cyumuyaga cyicyumba cyose byujuje ibyashizweho.
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7. Ibindi bizamini: Usibye ibizamini byo kurwanya umwanda byavuzwe haruguru, kimwe cyangwa byinshi mubizamini bikurikira bigomba rimwe na rimwe gukorwa: ubushyuhe; ugereranije n'ubushuhe; ubushobozi bwo gushyushya no gukonjesha mu nzu; agaciro k'urusaku; kumurika; agaciro kunyeganyega.
Inganda zipakira imiti:
1. Ibisabwa kugenzura ibidukikije:
Tanga urwego rwo kweza ikirere gikenewe kugirango habeho umusaruro. Umubare wumukungugu wo mu kirere hamwe na mikorobe nzima mu mushinga wo gutunganya ibikoresho byo gupakira bigomba gupimwa buri gihe kandi bikandikwa. Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko uhagaze hagati yo gupakira amahugurwa yinzego zitandukanye agomba kubikwa mugiciro cyagenwe.
② Ubushyuhe nubushuhe bugereranije bwumushinga wo gutunganya ibikoresho byo gupakira bigomba kuba bihuye nibisabwa kugirango bikorwe.
Area Ahantu hakorerwa penisiline, imiti ya allergeque na anti-tumeri igomba kuba ifite sisitemu yigenga yo guhumeka, kandi gaze isohoka igomba kwezwa.
④ Kubyumba bitanga umukungugu, ibikoresho byiza byo gukusanya ivumbi bigomba gushyirwaho kugirango birinde kwanduza umukungugu.
⑤ Kubyumba byibyumba bifasha nkububiko, ibikoresho byo guhumeka nubushyuhe nubushuhe bigomba kuba bihuye nibisabwa nibikorwa bya farumasi no gupakira.
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Level Urwego rwo kweza hamwe nu mwuka uhumeka wamahugurwa yimiti nogupakira ibikoresho Isuku yumwuka wumushinga wo kweza uruganda rukora imiti nogupakira ibintu bigabanijwe mubice bine: icyiciro 100, icyiciro 10,000, icyiciro 100.000 nicyiciro 300.000. Kugirango umenye umuyaga uhumeka wicyumba gisukuye, birakenewe kugereranya ingano yumwuka wa buri kintu hanyuma ugafata agaciro ntarengwa. Mu myitozo, inshuro zo guhumeka zo mu cyiciro 100 ni 300-400 inshuro / h, icyiciro 10,000 ni inshuro 25-35 / h, naho 100.000 ni inshuro 15-20 / h.
Zonone yisuku yumushinga wubwiherero bwamahugurwa yo gupakira imiti. Agace kihariye k’isuku y’umusaruro w’imiti n’ibidukikije bipakira bishingiye ku gipimo cy’igihugu cyo kweza.
Kugena ibindi bipimo by ibidukikije byumushinga wogusukura amahugurwa yo gupakira.
Em Ubushyuhe nubushuhe bwumushinga wubwiherero bwamahugurwa yo gupakira. Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bugereranije bw'icyumba gisukuye bigomba kubahiriza uburyo bwo gukora imiti. Ubushyuhe: 20 ~ 23 ℃ (icyi) kumasomo 100 nicyiciro 10,000 isuku, 24 ~ 26 ℃ kumasomo 100.000 nicyiciro 300,000 isuku, 26 ~ 27 ℃ kubice rusange. Icyiciro cya 100 na 10,000 isuku ni ibyumba byubusa. Ubushuhe bugereranije: 45-50% (icyi) kumiti ya hygroscopique, 50% ~ 55% kumyiteguro ikomeye nkibinini, 55% ~ 65% mugutera inshinge namazi yo mumanwa.
Pressure Sukura igitutu cyicyumba kugirango ugumane isuku murugo, igitutu cyiza kigomba kuguma mumazu. Ku byumba bisukuye bitanga umukungugu, ibintu byangiza, kandi bigatanga imiti ya allergine yo mu bwoko bwa penisiline, umwanda wo hanze ugomba gukumirwa cyangwa hagomba kubaho umuvuduko ukabije hagati y’uturere. Umuvuduko uhagaze wibyumba bifite urwego rwisuku zitandukanye. Umuvuduko wimbere murugo ugomba gukomeza kuba mwiza, hamwe nibitandukaniro birenga 5Pa nicyumba cyegeranye, kandi itandukaniro ryumuvuduko uhagaze hagati yicyumba gisukuye nikirere cyo hanze bigomba kuba birenze 10Pa.
Inganda zibiribwa:
Ibiryo nibyo byambere abantu bakeneye, kandi indwara ziva mumunwa, bityo umutekano nisuku byinganda zibiribwa bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Umutekano n’isuku byibiribwa bigomba ahanini kugenzurwa mubice bitatu: icya mbere, imikorere isanzwe yabakozi bakora; icya kabiri, kurwanya ihumana ry’ibidukikije hanze (hashobora gushyirwaho ahantu hasukuye hasukuye. Icya gatatu, isoko yamasoko igomba kuba idafite ibikoresho bibisi bitera ibibazo.
Ubuso bw'amahugurwa yo gutanga ibiribwa bwahujwe n'umusaruro, hamwe n'imiterere ikwiye kandi itwara amazi neza; igorofa y'amahugurwa yubatswe hamwe n'ibitanyerera, bikomeye, bidashobora kwangirika kandi birwanya ruswa, kandi biraringaniye, bitarimo amazi, kandi bikomeza kugira isuku; gusohoka mu mahugurwa hamwe n’amazi yo guhumeka no guhumeka ahujwe n’isi afite ibikoresho byo kurwanya imbeba, kurwanya isazi no kurwanya udukoko. Inkuta, igisenge, inzugi n'amadirishya mumahugurwa bigomba kubakwa bitarimo uburozi, ibara ryoroshye, ridafite amazi, ridashobora kwangirika, ridasuka kandi ryoroshye-gusukura. Inguni zinkuta, imfuruka zubutaka nu mfuruka zo hejuru zigomba kugira arc (radiyo ya curvature ntigomba kuba munsi ya 3cm). Imeza ikora, imikandara ya convoyeur, ibinyabiziga bitwara ibikoresho nibikoresho muri ayo mahugurwa bigomba kuba bikozwe mubidafite uburozi, birwanya ruswa, bidafite ingese, byoroshye-gusukura no kwanduza, hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye. Umubare uhagije wo gukaraba intoki, kwanduza no gukanika intoki ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho bigomba gushyirwaho ahantu hakwiye, kandi robine igomba kuba idahindura intoki. Ukurikije ibikenerwa mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa, hagomba kubaho ibikoresho byo kwanduza inkweto, inkweto n’ibiziga ku bwinjiriro bw’amahugurwa. Hagomba kubaho icyumba cyo kwambariramo gihujwe n'amahugurwa. Ukurikije ibikenerwa gutunganya ibicuruzwa, ubwiherero n’ibyumba byo kwiyuhagiriramo bifitanye isano n’amahugurwa nabyo bigomba gushyirwaho.
Optoelectronics:
Ubwiherero bwibicuruzwa bya optoelectronic mubusanzwe bikwiranye nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, mudasobwa, inganda zikoresha igice cya kabiri, inganda zimodoka, inganda zo mu kirere, fotolitografiya, inganda za microcomputer nizindi nganda. Usibye isuku y’ikirere, birakenewe kandi ko ibisabwa kugirango ikurwaho ry’amashanyarazi rihamye ryujujwe. Ibikurikira nintangiriro kumahugurwa atagira umukungugu munganda za optoelectronics, dufata inganda za LED zigezweho nkurugero.
LED isuku yimyubakire yumushinga hamwe nisesengura ryubwubatsi: Muri iki gishushanyo, bivuga kwishyiriraho amahugurwa amwe atagira umukungugu utagira ivumbi kubikorwa byanyuma, kandi isuku yayo yo kwisukura muri rusange ni icyiciro 1.000, icyiciro 10,000 cyangwa icyiciro 100.000 cyamahugurwa yubwiherero. Kwishyiriraho amahugurwa yerekana isuku yinyuma yibikoresho byibanze cyane cyane kubitera kashe, guterana hamwe nandi mahugurwa yubwiherero bwibicuruzwa nkibi, kandi isuku yabyo muri rusange ni ibyiciro 10,000 cyangwa ibyiciro 100.000 byogusukura. Ikirere cyo mu kirere gisabwa kugirango LED isukure amahugurwa:
1. Ibisabwa n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe: Ubushyuhe muri rusange ni 24 ± 2 and, naho ubuhehere bugereranije ni 55 ± 5%.
. amahugurwa; ingano yumuyaga mwiza usabwa kugirango wishyure umunaniro wo mu nzu kandi ugumane agaciro keza mu nzu; menya neza ko umwuka mwiza wo murugo uri kumuntu kumasaha ni ≥40m3 / h.
3. Ingano nini yo gutanga ikirere. Kugirango huzuzwe isuku nubushyuhe nubushuhe buringaniye mumahugurwa yubwiherero, harasabwa ingano nini yo gutanga ikirere. Ku mahugurwa ya metero kare 300 afite uburebure bwa metero 2,5, niba ari amahugurwa 10,000 yo mu cyumba cy’isuku, ingano yo gutanga ikirere igomba kuba 300 * 2.5 * 30 = 22500m3 / h (inshuro zihindura ikirere ni times25 / h ); niba ari icyiciro 100.000 cyamahugurwa yisuku, ingano yo gutanga ikirere igomba kuba 300 * 2.5 * 20 = 15000m3 / h (inshuro zo guhindura ikirere ni times15 / h).
Ubuvuzi n'ubuzima:
Ikoranabuhanga risukuye nanone ryitwa tekinoroji yicyumba. Usibye kuzuza ibisabwa bisanzwe byubushyuhe nubushuhe mubyumba bikonjesha, ibikoresho bitandukanye byubuhanga nubuhanga hamwe nubuyobozi bukomeye bikoreshwa mugucunga ibice byimbere mu nzu, umwuka wumuyaga, umuvuduko, nibindi murwego runaka. Ubu bwoko bwicyumba bwitwa icyumba gisukuye. Icyumba gisukuye cyubatswe kandi gikoreshwa mubitaro. Hamwe niterambere ryubuvuzi nubuvuzi nubuhanga buhanitse, tekinoroji isukuye ikoreshwa cyane mubidukikije, kandi ibisabwa na tekinike ubwayo nabyo biri hejuru. Ibyumba bisukuye bikoreshwa mubuvuzi bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: ibyumba byo gukoreramo bisukuye, inzu zita ku bageze mu za bukuru na laboratoire zisukuye.
Icyumba cyo gukoreramo:
Icyumba cyo gukoreramo gisanzwe gifata mikorobe yo mu nzu nkintego yo kugenzura, ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibipimo byerekana ibyiciro, kandi isuku yo mu kirere nikintu gikenewe cyingwate. Icyumba cyo gukoreramo gishobora kugabanywamo urwego rukurikira ukurikije urugero rwisuku:
1. Icyumba cyihariye cyo gukoreramo: Isuku yahantu ikorera ni icyiciro cya 100, naho agace kegereye ni icyiciro 1.000. Irakwiriye kubikorwa bya aseptic nko gutwika, guhinduranya ingingo, guhinduranya ingingo, kubaga ubwonko, kuvura amaso, kubaga plastique no kubaga umutima.
2. Icyumba cyo gukoreramo cyubusa: Isuku yakarere ikoreramo ni icyiciro cya 1000, naho agace kegeranye ni 10,000. Irakwiriye kubikorwa bya aseptic nko kubaga thoracic, kubaga plastique, urologiya, kubaga hepatobiliary na pancreatic kubaga, kubaga amagufwa no kugarura amagi.
3. Icyumba rusange gikorerwamo ibikorwa: Isuku yahantu ikorera ni icyiciro 10,000, naho agace kegeranye nicyiciro 100.000. Irakwiriye kubagwa muri rusange, dermatology no kubaga inda.
4. Usibye urwego rwisuku hamwe na bagiteri yibanda kumyumba ikoreramo isuku, ibipimo bya tekiniki bijyanye nabyo bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza abigenga. Reba ibipimo nyamukuru bya tekiniki imbonerahamwe yibyumba murwego rwose murwego rushinzwe ibikorwa bisukuye. Imiterere yindege yicyumba cyo gukoreramo igomba kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: ahantu hasukuye n’ahantu hatari hasukuye ukurikije ibisabwa muri rusange. Icyumba cyo gukoreramo n'ibyumba bikora bikorera mucyumba cyo gukoreramo bigomba kuba biri ahantu hasukuye. Iyo abantu nibintu banyuze ahantu hatandukanye hasukuye mubyumba bikorerwamo ibikorwa, indege, ibyumba bya buffer cyangwa agasanduku kanyuramo. Icyumba cyo gukoreramo muri rusange kiri mubice byingenzi. Indege yimbere hamwe numuyoboro bigomba kubahiriza amahame yimikorere ikora no gutandukanya neza isuku numwanda.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwabaforomo basukuye mubitaro:
Inzu zita ku baforomo zisukuye zigabanyijemo ibice by’akato hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukomeye. Icyumba cyo kwigunga kigabanyijemo ibice bine ukurikije ingaruka z’ibinyabuzima: P1, P2, P3, na P4. Icyumba cya P1 ahanini ni kimwe n’icyumba gisanzwe, kandi nta tegeko ryihariye ribuza abo hanze kwinjira no gusohoka; Icyumba cya P2 kirakomeye kuruta icyiciro cya P1, kandi abantu bo hanze barabujijwe kwinjira no gusohoka; P3 ward itandukanijwe hanze ninzugi ziremereye cyangwa ibyumba bya buffer, kandi umuvuduko wimbere wicyumba ni mubi; Icyumba cya P4 gitandukanijwe n’ahantu hitaruye, kandi umuvuduko mubi wo murugo uhoraho kuri 30Pa. Abakozi bo kwa muganga bambara imyenda ikingira kugirango birinde kwandura. Ibice byita ku barwayi barimo ICU (ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi bukomeye), CCU (ishami ryita ku barwayi b'umutima n'imitsi), NICU (ishami ryita ku bana batagejeje igihe), icyumba cya leukemia, n'ibindi. Ubushyuhe bw'icyumba cy'icyumba cya leukemia ni 242, umuvuduko w'umuyaga ni 0.15-0.3 / m / s, ubushuhe bugereranije buri munsi ya 60%, kandi isuku nicyiciro cya 100. Muri icyo gihe, umwuka usukuye watanzwe ugomba kubanza kugera kumutwe wumurwayi, kugirango aho guhumeka umunwa nizuru biri kuri uruhande rutanga ikirere, kandi gutambuka gutambutse nibyiza. Ibipimo bya bagiteri byapimwe muri salle yaka byerekana ko gukoresha imigezi ihagaritse ya laminari ifite ibyiza bigaragara mubuvuzi bweruye, hamwe ninshinge ya laminari yihuta ya 0.2m / s, ubushyuhe bwa 28-34, nurwego rwisuku rwicyiciro cya 1000. Ubuhumekero ibice by'ingingo ntibisanzwe mu Bushinwa. Ubu bwoko bwa ward bufite ibisabwa cyane kubushyuhe bwo murugo nubushuhe. Ubushyuhe bugenzurwa kuri 23-30 ℃, ubushuhe bugereranije ni 40-60%, kandi buri cyumba gishobora guhinduka ukurikije ibyo umurwayi akeneye. Urwego rwisuku rugenzurwa hagati yicyiciro cya 10 nicyiciro 10000, kandi urusaku ruri munsi ya 45dB (A). Abakozi binjira mu cyumba bagomba kwisukura nko guhindura imyenda no kwiyuhagira, kandi icyumba kigomba gukomeza igitutu cyiza.
Laboratoire:
Laboratoire zigabanyijemo laboratoire zisanzwe na laboratoire ya biosafety. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri laboratoire isanzwe ntabwo yanduye, ariko ibidukikije birasabwa kutagira ingaruka mbi kubushakashatsi ubwabwo. Kubwibyo, nta bikoresho bikingira muri laboratoire, kandi isuku igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa byubushakashatsi.
Laboratoire ya biosafety ni igeragezwa ryibinyabuzima hamwe nibikoresho byambere byo kurinda bishobora kugera ku burinzi bwa kabiri. Ubushakashatsi bwa siyanse bwose mubijyanye na mikorobi, biomedicine, ubushakashatsi bukora, hamwe na gene recombination bisaba laboratoire yibinyabuzima. Intandaro ya laboratoire yibinyabuzima ni umutekano, igabanijwemo inzego enye: P1, P2, P3, na P4 ukurikije urugero rw’ibinyabuzima.
Laboratoire ya P1 ikwiranye na virusi zimenyerewe cyane, zidakunze gutera indwara kubantu bakuze bazima kandi ziteza akaga gake kubakozi bakora ubushakashatsi nibidukikije. Urugi rugomba gufungwa mugihe cyibigeragezo kandi ibikorwa bigomba gukorwa ukurikije ubushakashatsi bwa mikorobe isanzwe; Laboratoire ya P2 ikwiranye na virusi zishobora kuba mbi ku bantu no ku bidukikije. Kugera kumwanya wubushakashatsi birabujijwe. Ubushakashatsi bushobora gutera aerosole bugomba gukorwa mu kabari ka biosafeti yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri, kandi autoclave igomba kuboneka; Laboratoire ya P3 ikoreshwa mubuvuzi, gusuzuma, kwigisha, cyangwa ibikoresho. Imirimo ijyanye na endogenous na exogenous pathogens ikorwa kururu rwego. Guhura no guhumeka virusi bizatera indwara zikomeye kandi zishobora guhitana abantu. Laboratoire ifite inzugi ebyiri cyangwa indege hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakorewe hanze. Abatari abakozi barabujijwe kwinjira. Laboratoire irashyizweho igitutu rwose. Akabati ka biosafety yo mucyiciro cya kabiri ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi. Akayunguruzo ka Hepa gakoreshwa mu kuyungurura umwuka wo mu nzu no kuruha hanze. Laboratoire ya P4 ifite ibisabwa bikomeye kuruta laboratoire ya P3. Indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na virusi zifite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura laboratoire n'indwara zangiza ubuzima ziterwa no kwanduza aerosol. Imirimo ijyanye nayo igomba gukorerwa muri laboratoire ya P4. Imiterere yakarere kigenga yigenga mu nyubako nigice cyo hanze cyemewe. Umuvuduko mubi ukomeza mu nzu. Akabati ka III ka biosafety akoreshwa mubushakashatsi. Ibikoresho byo kugabana ikirere hamwe nibyumba byo kwiyuhagiriramo byashyizweho. Abakoresha bagomba kwambara imyenda ikingira. Abatari abakozi barabujijwe kwinjira. Intandaro yo gushushanya laboratoire ya biosafeti ni ukwigunga gukomeye, kandi ingamba zo gusohora nibyo byibandwaho. Kwanduza ku rubuga birashimangirwa, kandi hitabwa ku gutandukanya amazi meza kandi yanduye kugira ngo hatabaho gukwirakwira ku mpanuka. Birasabwa kugira isuku mu rugero.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-26-2024