Nkuko bizwi, igice kinini cyinganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, zisobanutse kandi zateye imbere ntizishobora gukora hatabayeho icyumba gisukuye cyuzuye umukungugu, nka CCL umuzunguruko wa substrate umuringa wambaye umuringa, imbaho zicapye za PCB, amashanyarazi ya LCD na LED, amashanyarazi na bateri ya 3C ya litiro. , hamwe n’inganda zimwe na zimwe zimiti n’ibiribwa.
Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bifashwa ninganda zikora inganda burahora butezwa imbere. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora inganda ntibakeneye gusa guhanga ibicuruzwa byabo muburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, ahubwo bakeneye no kunoza ibidukikije by’ibicuruzwa, kubahiriza byimazeyo ibyumba by’ibidukikije bisukuye, no kuzamura ubuziranenge n’ibicuruzwa.
Yaba ari ukuvugurura inganda zisanzwe kubera kuzamura ibicuruzwa cyangwa kwagura inganda bitewe n’isoko rikenewe ku isoko, abakora inganda bazahura n’ibibazo bikomeye bijyanye n’ejo hazaza h’uruganda, nko gutegura umushinga.
Kuva mubikorwa remezo kugeza gushyigikira imitako, kuva mubukorikori kugeza kugura ibikoresho, urukurikirane rwibikorwa bigoye. Muri iki gikorwa, impungenge zingenzi zishyaka ryubaka zigomba kuba ubwiza bwumushinga nigiciro cyuzuye.
Ibikurikira bizasobanura muri make ibintu byinshi byingenzi bigira ingaruka kubiciro byicyumba cyubusa cyubusa mugihe cyo kubaka inganda zinganda.
1.Ibintu Umwanya
Ikibanza kigizwe nibintu bibiri: ahantu h'icyumba gisukuye hamwe nuburebure bwicyumba gisukuye, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye kubiciro byo gushushanya imbere no kuzitira: inkuta zigabanije ubwiherero hamwe nigisenge cy’isuku. Igiciro cyishoramari cyumuyaga, ingano isabwa yumutwaro woguhumeka, uburyo bwo kugarura no kugaruka muburyo bwo guhumeka, icyerekezo cyumuyaga cyoguhumeka, hamwe nubunini bwimyuka ihumeka.
Kugirango wirinde kongera ishoramari ryumushinga bitewe nimpamvu zumwanya, uwateguye arashobora gusuzuma ibintu bibiri byuzuye: umwanya wakazi wibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutunganya umusaruro (harimo uburebure cyangwa ubugari buringaniye bwo kugenda, kubungabunga no gusana) hamwe nicyerekezo cyabakozi nibitemba.
Kugeza ubu, inyubako zubahiriza amahame yo kubungabunga ubutaka, ibikoresho n’ingufu, bityo icyumba gisukuye cyuzuye ivumbi ntabwo byanze bikunze ari kinini gishoboka. Mugihe witegura kubaka, birakenewe gusuzuma ibikoresho byayo bwite byo gutunganya nibikorwa byayo, bishobora kwirinda neza ibiciro byishoramari bitari ngombwa.
2.Ubushyuhe, Ubushuhe hamwe n’ibintu bisukura ikirere
Ubushyuhe, ubuhehere, n’isuku y’ikirere ni ibyumba bisukuye by’ibidukikije by’ibidukikije bigenewe ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda, ibyo bikaba aribyo shingiro ryiza ry’icyumba gisukuye hamwe n’ingwate zikomeye ku gipimo cy’ibicuruzwa no guhagarara neza. Ibipimo biriho bigabanijwemo ibipimo byigihugu, ibipimo byaho, amahame yinganda, hamwe nibikorwa byimbere mu gihugu.
Ibipimo nk’isuku ry’isuku hamwe n’ibipimo bya GMP ku nganda zikoreshwa mu bya farumasi ni ibipimo by’igihugu. Ku nganda nyinshi zikora, ibipimo byicyumba gisukuye mubikorwa bitandukanye byakozwe bigenwa cyane cyane kubiranga ibicuruzwa.
Kurugero, ubushyuhe nubushuhe bwo kwerekana, firime yumye, hamwe na masike yagurishijwe munganda za PCB kuva kuri 22 + 1 ℃ kugeza kuri 55 + 5%, hamwe nisuku iri hagati yicyiciro cya 1000 kugeza mucyiciro 100000. Inganda za batiri ya lithium zishimangira cyane kugenzura ubushyuhe buke, hamwe nubushyuhe bugereranije muri rusange munsi ya 20%. Amahugurwa amwe n'amwe akomeye yo guterwa inshinge zigomba kugenzurwa hafi ya 1%.
Kugaragaza ibipimo ngenderwaho byibidukikije mubyumba bisukuye nicyo kintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku ishoramari ryumushinga. Ishyirwaho ryurwego rwisuku rigira ingaruka kubiciro byo gushushanya: bishyirwa mubyiciro 100000 no hejuru yacyo, bisaba icyumba gikenewe cyicyumba gisukuye, inzugi z isuku nidirishya, abakozi nibicuruzwa byogukwirakwiza umuyaga, ndetse nigorofa ihenze cyane. Muri icyo gihe, binagira ingaruka ku giciro cyo guhumeka: uko isuku irenze, niko umubare w’imihindagurikire y’ikirere usabwa kugira ngo wuzuze ibisabwa kugira ngo usukure, niko ubwinshi bw’ikirere busabwa kuri AHU, hamwe n’imyuka myinshi ya hepa kuri iherezo ryumuyaga.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ishyirwaho ry'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje mu mahugurwa ntabwo bikubiyemo gusa ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, ahubwo binagira uruhare mu kugenzura neza. Nibisobanuro byuzuye, niko byuzuza ibikoresho nkenerwa bikenewe. Iyo igipimo cy’ubushuhe kigereranijwe neza kuri + 3% cyangwa ± 5%, ibikoresho bisabwa byo guhumanya no gutesha agaciro bigomba kuba byuzuye.
Ishyirwaho ryubushyuhe bwamahugurwa, ubuhehere, nisuku ntabwo bigira ingaruka kubushoramari bwambere, ahubwo binagira ingaruka kumikorere mugihe cyanyuma cyuruganda rufite umusingi wicyatsi kibisi. Kubwibyo rero, ukurikije ibiranga ibicuruzwa byayo bwite, bihujwe n’ibipimo by’igihugu, amahame y’inganda, n’ibipimo by’imbere mu kigo, gushyiraho mu buryo bwuzuye ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibidukikije byujuje ibyifuzo byayo ni intambwe y’ibanze mu kwitegura kubaka amahugurwa y’icyumba gisukuye .
3.Ibindi bintu
Usibye ibintu bibiri byingenzi bisabwa umwanya n’ibidukikije, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigira ingaruka ku iyubahirizwa ry’amahugurwa y’ibyumba bisukuye akenshi birengagizwa n’amasosiyete akora ibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa ubwubatsi, bikavamo ubushyuhe bukabije n’ubushuhe. Kurugero, gusuzuma neza ikirere cyo hanze, ntuzirikane ubushobozi bwo gusohora ibikoresho, kubyara ubushyuhe bwibikoresho, kubyara ivumbi nubushobozi bwo guhumeka biturutse kubakozi benshi, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-12-2023