Kuva yatangazwa mu 1992, "Uburyo bwiza bwo Gukora Ibiyobyabwenge" (GMP) mu nganda z’imiti mu Bushinwa byamenyekanye buhoro buhoro, byemerwa kandi bishyirwa mu bikorwa n’inganda zikora imiti. GMP ni politiki y’igihugu iteganijwe ku mishinga, kandi ibigo bitujuje ibyangombwa mu gihe cyagenwe bizahagarika umusaruro.
Ibyingenzi bikubiye muri GMP nicyemezo cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Ibirimo birashobora gukusanyirizwa mubice bibiri: gucunga software nibikoresho byuma. Inyubako yicyumba gisukuye nikimwe mubice byingenzi byishoramari mubikoresho byuma. Nyuma yo kuzuza inyubako yicyumba gisukuye, niba ishobora kugera ku ntego zishushanyije kandi yujuje ibyangombwa bya GMP igomba kwemezwa hakoreshejwe ibizamini.
Mu gihe cyo kugenzura icyumba gisukuye, bamwe muri bo bananiwe kugenzura isuku, bamwe bari hafi y’uruganda, abandi ni umushinga wose. Niba ubugenzuzi butujuje ibyangombwa, nubwo impande zombi zageze kubisabwa binyuze mugukosora, gukemura, gusukura, nibindi, akenshi bitesha imbaraga abakozi benshi nibikoresho, bidindiza igihe cyubwubatsi, kandi bidindiza inzira yo gutanga ibyemezo bya GMP. Impamvu zimwe ninenge birashobora kwirindwa mbere yo kwipimisha. Mubikorwa byacu nyirizina, twasanze impamvu nyamukuru ningamba zo kunoza isuku yujuje ibyangombwa no kunanirwa kwa GMP harimo:
1. Igishushanyo mbonera kidafite ishingiro
Ibi bintu ntibisanzwe, cyane cyane mukubaka ibyumba bito bisukuye bifite isuku nke. Amarushanwa mubyumba byubwubatsi busukuye arakaze cyane ubu, kandi ibice bimwe byubwubatsi byatanze amagambo make mumasoko yabo kugirango babone umushinga. Mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyubwubatsi, ibice bimwe byakoreshejwe mu guca inguni no gukoresha amashanyarazi yo hasi yubushyuhe bwo guhumeka no guhumeka umuyaga bitewe n'ubumenyi buke bwabo, bigatuma ingufu zitangwa zidahuye hamwe n’ahantu hasukuye, bigatuma isuku itujuje ibyangombwa. Indi mpamvu nuko uyikoresha yongeyeho ibisabwa bishya hamwe nisuku nyuma yubushakashatsi nubwubatsi bitangiye, bizanatuma igishushanyo cyumwimerere kidashobora kuzuza ibisabwa. Iyi nenge ivuka iragoye kuyitezimbere kandi igomba kwirindwa mugihe cyubwubatsi.
2. Gusimbuza ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nibicuruzwa byo hasi
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa akayunguruzo ka hepa mu byumba bisukuye, igihugu giteganya ko hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwo gutunganya isuku y’ikirere hamwe n’isuku igera ku 100000 cyangwa irenga, hagomba gukoreshwa akayunguruzo k’ibice bitatu by’ibanze, hagati, na hepa. Mugihe cyo kwemeza, byagaragaye ko umushinga munini wicyumba gisukuye wakoresheje akayunguruzo ka hepa yo mu kirere kugirango usimbuze akayunguruzo ka hepa kurwego rwisuku 10000, bikavamo isuku itujuje ibyangombwa. Hanyuma, urwego rwohejuru rwunguruzi rwasimbuwe kugirango rwuzuze ibisabwa na GMP.
3. Gufunga nabi umuyoboro utanga ikirere cyangwa akayunguruzo
Ibi bintu biterwa nubwubatsi bubi, kandi mugihe cyo kwemerwa, birashobora kugaragara ko icyumba runaka cyangwa igice cya sisitemu imwe itujuje ibyangombwa. Uburyo bwo kunoza ni ugukoresha uburyo bwikizamini cyo kumeneka kumuyoboro woguhumeka ikirere, kandi akayunguruzo gakoresha agace kagereranya gusikana ibice, gufunga kashe, hamwe no gushiraho akayunguruzo, kumenya aho byasohotse, no kubifunga neza.
4. Igishushanyo mbonera no gutangiza imiyoboro yo kugaruka cyangwa guhumeka ikirere
Kubijyanye nimpamvu zishushanyije, rimwe na rimwe bitewe n’umwanya muto, ikoreshwa rya "top supply side return" cyangwa umubare udahagije wogusubira mu kirere ntabwo bishoboka. Nyuma yo gukuraho impamvu zishushanyije, gukemura ibibazo byo guhumeka ikirere nabyo ni umuhuza wubwubatsi. Niba gusohora atari byiza, kurwanya umuyaga usohoka ni mwinshi cyane, kandi ubwinshi bwumwuka wo kugaruka ni munsi yubunini bwikirere butanga, bizanatera isuku yujuje ibyangombwa. Byongeye kandi, uburebure bwikirere gisubira mu butaka mugihe cyubwubatsi nabwo bugira ingaruka ku isuku.
5. Igihe kidahagije cyo kwisukura kuri sisitemu yicyumba gisukuye mugihe cyo kwipimisha
Ukurikije ibipimo byigihugu, imbaraga zipimisha zizatangira nyuma yiminota 30 sisitemu yo guhumeka neza ikora bisanzwe. Niba igihe cyo kwiruka ari gito cyane, kirashobora kandi gutera isuku itujuje ibyangombwa. Muri iki gihe, birahagije kongera igihe cyo gukora cya sisitemu yo guhumeka neza.
6. Sisitemu yo guhumeka ikirere ntabwo yasukuwe neza
Mugihe cyubwubatsi, gahunda yose yo guhumeka ikirere, cyane cyane itangwa nogusubiza imiyoboro yumuyaga, ntabwo irangizwa rimwe, kandi abubatsi nubwubatsi bwubwubatsi birashobora guteza umwanda kumiyoboro yumuyaga no kuyungurura. Niba bidasukuwe neza, bizagira ingaruka kubisubizo byikizamini. Igipimo cyo kunoza ni ugusukura mugihe cyubaka, kandi nyuma yicyiciro kibanza cyo gushyiramo imiyoboro isukuwe neza, firime ya plastike irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango uyifunge kugirango wirinde umwanda uterwa nibidukikije.
7. Amahugurwa asukuye ntabwo asukuwe neza
Nta gushidikanya, amahugurwa asukuye agomba gusukurwa neza mbere yuko ikizamini gikomeza. Saba abakozi bahanagura bwa nyuma kwambara imyenda yakazi isukuye kugirango bakureho umwanda uterwa numubiri wabantu bashinzwe isuku. Ibikoresho byogusukura birashobora kuba amazi ya robine, amazi meza, ibishishwa kama, ibikoresho bitagira aho bibogamiye, nibindi kubantu bafite ibyangombwa birwanya anti-static, bahanagura neza hamwe nigitambara cyinjijwe mumazi arwanya static.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-26-2023