Kubaka ubwiherero mubisanzwe bikubiyemo kubaka umwanya munini murwego nyamukuru rwimiterere. Ukoresheje ibikoresho bikwiye byo kurangiza, isuku iragabanijwe kandi irimbishijwe ukurikije ibisabwa kugirango habeho ubwiherero bujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye. Kurwanya umwanda mu isuku bisaba imbaraga zahujwe ninzobere nka konderasi hamwe na sisitemu yo gukoresha. Inganda zitandukanye nazo zisaba inkunga yihariye. Kurugero, ibyumba bikoreramo ibitaro bisaba gaze yubuvuzi (nka ogisijeni na azote) sisitemu yo gutanga; ubwiherero bwa farumasi busaba imiyoboro itunganijwe kugirango itange amazi ya deionion hamwe numwuka uhumanye, hamwe na sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi mabi. Ikigaragara ni uko kubaka ubwiherero bisaba gushushanya no kubaka ibyiciro byinshi (harimo ubukonje, sisitemu zo gukoresha, gaze, imiyoboro, hamwe n’amazi).
1. Sisitemu ya HVAC
Nigute dushobora kugenzura neza ibidukikije? Sisitemu yo guhumeka neza, igizwe nibikoresho byogeza ikirere, imiyoboro isukuye, hamwe nibikoresho bya valve, igenzura ibipimo byimbere nkubushyuhe, ubushuhe, isuku, umuvuduko wumwuka, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko, hamwe nubuziranenge bwimbere mu nzu.
Ibice bigize ibikoresho byoguhumeka birimo ibikoresho byo mu kirere (AHU), igice cyungurura umuyaga (FFU), hamwe nicyuma cyiza. Sisitemu yimyanda isabwa ibikoresho: Ibyuma bya galvaniside (birwanya ingese), ibyuma bitagira umwanda (kubisaba isuku nyinshi), imbere imbere neza (kugirango bigabanye ikirere). Ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi bigize ibikoresho: Umuyoboro uhoraho wumuyaga (CAV) / Impinduka zumuyaga mwinshi (VAV) - zigumana ubwinshi bwikirere; amashanyarazi azimya valve (gufunga byihutirwa kugirango wirinde kwanduzanya); ikirere cyo kugenzura ikirere (kuringaniza umuyaga kuri buri kirere gisohoka).
2. Igenzura ryikora n'amashanyarazi
Ibisabwa byihariye byo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza ingufu: Ibikoresho byo kumurika bigomba kuba bitarimo umukungugu kandi bitangiza ibintu (urugero, mu mahugurwa ya elegitoroniki) kandi byoroshye koza (urugero, mu mahugurwa ya farumasi ya GMP). Kumurika bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda (urugero, lux500 lux kubikorwa bya elegitoroniki). Ibikoresho bisanzwe: Isuku yihariye ya LED yamashanyarazi (isubirwamo ryashizweho, hamwe nimirongo ifunga umukungugu). Ubwoko bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi: Gutanga imbaraga kubafana, pompe, ibikoresho byo gutunganya, nibindi. Gutangira kwivanga kurubu no guhuza (urugero, imizigo ya inverter) bigomba kubarwa. Ubucucike: Ibikoresho by'ingenzi (urugero, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha) bigomba gukoreshwa n'imirongo ibiri cyangwa ifite UPS. Hindura na socket yo gushiraho ibikoresho: Koresha ibyuma bifunze ibyuma. Kuzamuka uburebure hamwe n’ahantu bigomba kwirinda ahantu hapfuye umwuka (kugirango wirinde umukungugu). Imikoreshereze yikimenyetso: Inzobere mu mashanyarazi zirasabwa gutanga amashanyarazi no kugenzura imiyoboro yerekana ibimenyetso (urugero, itumanaho rya 4-20mA cyangwa Modbus) kugirango ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu yubushyuhe hamwe nubushuhe bwubushuhe, ibyuma byumuvuduko utandukanye, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwangiza. Kugenzura Imyuka Itandukanye: Hindura gufungura umwuka mwiza hamwe na valise ziva hanze zishingiye ku byerekezo bitandukanye. Kuringaniza Umuyaga: Guhindura inshuro zihindura umuvuduko wabafana kugirango uhuze aho utanga, kugaruka, nubunini bwumwuka.
3. Sisitemu yo gutunganya imiyoboro
Igikorwa cyibanze cya sisitemu yo kuvoma: Gutwara neza itangazamakuru kugirango ryuzuze isuku yubwiherero, umuvuduko, hamwe nibisabwa kugirango gaze (urugero, azote, ogisijeni) hamwe namazi (amazi ya deyoniya, umusemburo). Kugira ngo wirinde kwanduza no kumeneka, ibikoresho byo kuvoma hamwe nuburyo bwo gufunga bigomba kwirinda kumeneka ibice, kwangirika kwimiti, no gukura kwa mikorobe.
4. Imitako yihariye nibikoresho
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Ihame rya "Batandatu Nose" rirakomeye cyane. Nta mukungugu: Ibikoresho bisohora fibre (urugero, ikibaho cya gypsumu, irangi risanzwe) birabujijwe. Birasabwa gufata ibyuma hamwe na antibacterial ibara ryometseho ibyuma bisabwa. Umukungugu utarimo umukungugu: Ubuso bugomba kuba butameze neza (urugero, epoxy yo kwishyiriraho igorofa) kugirango wirinde kwinjiza ivumbi. Biroroshye koza: Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira uburyo bwo gukora isuku nkindege zamazi yumuvuduko ukabije, inzoga, na hydrogène peroxide (urugero, ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite inguni zegeranye). Kurwanya ruswa: Kurwanya acide, alkalis, na disinfectant (urugero, inkuta za PVDF). Guhuriza hamwe / Gukomatanya: Koresha gusudira byuzuye cyangwa kashe yihariye (urugero, silicone) kugirango wirinde gukura kwa mikorobe. Anti-static: Harasabwa urwego ruyobora (urugero, umuringa wa fayili hasi) urasabwa mubwiherero bwa elegitoroniki.
Ibipimo byakazi: Millimetero-urwego rusobanutse neza. Uburinganire: Urukuta rugomba gusuzumwa nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, hamwe n’ibyuho ≤ 0.5mm (muri rusange 2-3mm biremewe mu nyubako zo guturamo). Kuvura impande zose: Inguni zose zimbere ninyuma zigomba kuzengurutswe na R ≥ 50mm (ugereranije nu mfuruka iburyo cyangwa imirongo ya R 10mm yo gushushanya mu nyubako zo guturamo) kugirango hagabanuke ahantu hatabona. Ubukonje: Itara hamwe na sock bigomba gushyirwaho mbere, kandi ingingo zigomba gufungwa hamwe na kole (hejuru yubuso cyangwa hamwe nu mwobo uhumeka, usanzwe mumazu yo guturamo).
Imikorere> Ubwiza. Kurangiza-gushushanya: Birashushanyijeho gushushanya no gushushanya hamwe na convex (bikunze kugaragara mu nyubako zo guturamo, nk'urukuta rw'inyuma n'urwego rwo hejuru). Ibishushanyo byose byateguwe mugusukura byoroshye no gukumira umwanda. Igishushanyo cyihishe: Umuyoboro wamazi wamazi ni ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ntibisohoka, kandi baseboard isukwa nurukuta (ibisate bisohoka bikunze kugaragara mumazu yo guturamo).
Umwanzuro
Kubaka ubwiherero birimo disipuline nubucuruzi byinshi, bisaba guhuza hafi yabo. Ibibazo mumurongo uwo ariwo wose bizagira ingaruka kumyubakire yubwiherero.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-11-2025