Kubaka icyumba cy’isuku bikunze kuba bikubiyemo kubaka ahantu hanini mu nyubako y’ibanze. Hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo kurangiza bikwiye, icyumba cy’isuku gishyirwamo ibice bibiri kandi kigasharizwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa kugira ngo hakorwe icyumba cy’isuku cyujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye. Kugenzura umwanda mu cyumba cy’isuku bisaba imbaraga zihuriweho n’inzobere nka sisitemu zikonjesha n’izikoresha ikoranabuhanga. Inganda zitandukanye nazo zikenera ubufasha bwihariye. Urugero, ibyumba byo gukoreramo mu bitaro bisaba izindi sisitemu zo gutanga gazi zo kwa muganga (nka ogisijeni na azote); ibyumba byo gusukura imiti bisaba imiyoboro yo gutunganya kugira ngo bitange amazi adasembuye n’umwuka ufunze, hamwe n’imiyoboro yo gusukura amazi yanduye. Birumvikana ko kubaka icyumba cy’isuku bisaba ubufatanye mu gushushanya no kubaka amashami menshi (harimo ibyuma bikonjesha, sisitemu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, gazi, imiyoboro, n’imiyoboro y’amazi).
1. Sisitemu ya HVAC
Ni gute igenzura ry’ibidukikije ryagerwaho neza? Sisitemu yo gusukura umwuka ushyushye, igizwe n’ibikoresho byo gusukura umwuka ushyushye, imiyoboro yo gusukura, n’ibindi bikoresho by’amashanyarazi, igenzura ibipimo byo mu nzu nko mu bushyuhe, ubushuhe, isuku, umuvuduko w’umwuka, itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko w’umwuka, n’ubwiza bw’umwuka wo mu nzu.
Ibice bikora ku bikoresho bisukura umwuka birimo icyuma gifata umwuka (AHU), icyuma gikoresha umuyaga (FFU), n'icyuma gifata umwuka mwiza. Ibisabwa ku bikoresho by'imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu cyumba cyo gusukura: Icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya galvani (kidahura n'ingese), icyuma kidashonga (kikoreshwa mu gusukura cyane), ubuso bworoshye bw'imbere (kugira ngo ugabanye ubukana bw'umwuka). Ibice by'ingenzi by'inyongera ku mashini: Valve y'umwuka ihoraho (CAV) / Valve y'umwuka ihindagurika (VAV) - ikomeza ubwinshi bw'umwuka; valve ikoresha amashanyarazi (ihita ifunga byihutirwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa); valve igenzura ubwinshi bw'umwuka (kugira ngo iringanize umuvuduko w'umwuka kuri buri soketi y'umwuka).
2. Igenzura ryikora n'amashanyarazi
Ibisabwa byihariye mu gukwirakwiza urumuri n'amashanyarazi: Ibikoresho by'amatara bigomba kuba birinda umukungugu kandi bidashobora guturika (urugero, mu mashami y'ikoranabuhanga) kandi byoroshye gusukura (urugero, mu mashami y'imiti ya GMP). Umucyo ugomba kuba wujuje ibisabwa mu nganda (urugero, ≥500 lux ku nganda z'ikoranabuhanga). Ibikoresho bisanzwe: Amatara ya LED akozwe mu cyumba cyo gusukura (ashyirwamo igice cyo hasi, afite imirongo yo gufunga idakingirwa n'umukungugu). Ubwoko bw'umutwaro w'amashanyarazi: Gutanga ingufu ku bafana, ipompo, ibikoresho byo gutunganya, nibindi. Gutangira umuriro n'imikoreshereze ya harmonic (urugero, imitwaro ya inverter) bigomba kubarwa. Gukoresha ibikoresho by'ingenzi (urugero, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha) bigomba gukoreshwa n'imiyoboro ibiri cyangwa bifite UPS. Amashashi n'amasoko yo gushyiraho ibikoresho: Koresha icyuma kidafunze gifunze. Uburebure bwo gushyiraho n'aho biherereye bigomba kwirinda ahantu hadakora umwuka (kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi ryiyongera). Uburyo ibimenyetso bikorana: Inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi zisabwa gutanga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'igenzura (urugero, 4-20mA cyangwa Modbus communication) ku bikoresho by'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bya sisitemu y'umwuka, ibikoresho by'umuvuduko utandukanye, n'ibikoresho by'umuvuduko. Kugenzura Umuvuduko Utandukanye: Ihindura uburyo umwuka mwiza n'amavali asohora umwuka bifunguye hashingiwe ku byuma bipima umuvuduko bitandukanye. Kugereranya Ubunini bw'Umwotsi: Imashini ihindura umuvuduko w'umufana ihindura umuvuduko w'umufana kugira ngo ihuze n'aho umwuka uturuka, ugaruka, n'ingano y'umwuka usohoka.
3. Sisitemu yo gutunganya imiyoboro
Inshingano y'ingenzi y'imiyoboro y'amazi: Gutwara neza imyuka kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa mu cyumba cy'isuku, umuvuduko, n'amazi anyuramo (urugero: azote, ogisijeni) n'amazi (amazi yakuwemo iayoni, imiti isukura). Kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura no gusohoka kw'amazi, ibikoresho byo gufunga imiyoboro n'uburyo bwo kwirinda bigomba kwirinda gushonga kw'udusimba, kwangirika kw'imiti, no gukura kwa mikorobe.
4. Imitako n'ibikoresho byihariye
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Ihame rya "Six Nos" rirakomeye cyane. Nta mukungugu: Ibikoresho bisohora fibre (urugero: ikibaho cya gypsum, irangi risanzwe) birabujijwe. Ahantu ho gushyira ibyuma hamwe n'ibyuma bifite amabara arwanya bagiteri ni byo byiza. Nta mukungugu: Ubuso bugomba kuba budafite imyenge (urugero: hasi hashobora kwiyongerera ivumbi) kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi rishobora kwinjiza. Byoroshye Gusukura: Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira uburyo bwo gusukura nko gukoresha amazi menshi, alcool, na hydrogen peroxide (urugero: icyuma kitagira umuvuduko gifite impande zizengurutse). Kurwanya ingese: Birwanya aside, alkali, n'imiti yica udukoko (urugero: inkuta zitwikiriwe na PVDF). Impande zidafite umushongi/zifunga: Koresha imvange cyangwa ibifunga byihariye (urugero: silikoni) kugira ngo hirindwe ko mikorobe zikura. Kurwanya static: Hakenewe urwego ruyobora (urugero: gufunga foil y'umuringa) kugira ngo ibyumba byo gusukuramo bikoreshwe mu ikoranabuhanga.
Ibipimo by'akazi: Uburinganire busabwa ku rwego rwa milimetero. Ubugari: Ubuso bw'inkuta bugomba gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe lazeri nyuma yo gushyirwaho, bufite icyuho cya ≤ 0.5mm (2-3mm muri rusange byemewe mu nyubako zo guturamo). Gutunganya inguni zizengurutse: Inguni zose z'imbere n'inyuma zigomba kuba zizengurutswe na R ≥ 50mm (ugereranye n'inguni z'iburyo cyangwa imirongo yo gushushanya ya R 10mm mu nyubako zo guturamo) kugira ngo hatagira aho umwuka uhagarara. Uburinganire bw'umwuka: Amatara n'ibice bigomba gushyirwaho mbere, kandi ingingo zigomba gufungwa na kole (ishyirwa ku buso cyangwa imyenge y'umwuka, isanzwe mu nyubako zo guturamo).
Imikorere > Ubwiza. Gukuraho ibishushanyo: Imitako n'imiterere y'ibice bito n'ibinini (bikunze kugaragara mu nyubako z'abaturage, nko mu nkuta z'inyuma no mu gisenge) birabujijwe. Imiterere yose yagenewe koroshya isuku no gukumira umwanda. Igishushanyo mbonera gihishe: Umuyoboro w'amazi wo hasi ukoreshwa mu byuma bitagira umugese, ntugaragara, kandi igice cy'ibanze gifatanye n'urukuta (inkingi z'inyuma zigaragara mu nyubako z'abaturage).
Umwanzuro
Kubaka icyumba cy'isuku bisaba amashami menshi n'imyuga, bisaba ubufatanye bwa hafi hagati yabyo. Ibibazo biri mu isano iyo ari yo yose bizagira ingaruka ku ireme ry'inyubako z'icyumba cy'isuku.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 11 Nzeri 2025