Icyumba gisukuye kigomba kuba cyujuje ibipimo byumuriringanize mpuzamahanga wabisanzwe (ISO) kugirango tumenyere. ISO, yashinze mu 1947, yashyizweho hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa amahame mpuzamahanga ahantu mu bushakashatsi mu bumenyi n'ubucuruzi, nko gukorana n'imiti, ibikoresho bihindagurika, n'ibikoresho bihindagurika, n'ibikoresho byiza. Nubwo umuryango wakozwe kubushake, ibipimo byashyizweho byashyizeho amahame yurutonde haba bubashywe n'imiryango isi yose. Uyu munsi, ISO ifite ibipimo birenga 20.000 byamasosiyete akoresha nkuyobora.
Icyumba cya mbere gisukuye cyateguwe kandi cyateguwe na Willis Whitfield mu 1960. Igishushanyo n'intego by'icyumba gisukuye ni ukurengera inzira zacyo n'ibiri mu bintu byose byo hanze. Abantu bakoresha icyumba nibintu bigeragezwa cyangwa byubatswe muri Irashobora kubangamira icyumba gisukuye kubahiriza ibipimo byayo. Igenzura ryihariye rirasabwa kugirango ukureho ibi bibazo bishoboka.
Icyumba gisukuye cyiciro Impamyabumenyi urwego rwisuku mugukaba ingano nubunini bwibice kuri cubic ingano yumwuka. Ibice bitangira ISO 1 hanyuma tujye muri ISO 9, hamwe na iso 1 kuba urwego rwo hejuru rwisuku mugihe ISO 9 ni umwanda. Ibyumba bisukuye cyane bigwa muri ISO 7 cyangwa 8.
Ishirahamwe Mpuzamahanga RY'IBIKORWA BIKURIKIRA
| Icyiciro | Ibice byinshi / m3 | Fed STD 209E Bihwanye | |||||
| > = 0.1 μm | > = 0.2 μm | > = 0.3 μm | > = 0.5 μm | > = 1 μm | > = 5 μm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1.000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Icyiciro 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1.020 | 352 | 83 | Icyiciro cya 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100.000 | 23.700 | 10,200 | 3.520 | 832 | 29 | Icyiciro cya 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1.000.000 | 237.000 | 102.000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Icyiciro 1.000 |
| ISO 7 | 352.000 | 83.200 | 2,930 | Icyiciro 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3.520.000 | 832.000 | 29.300 | Icyiciro 100.000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200.000 | 8,320.000 | 293.000 | Icyumba | |||
Ibipimo ngenderwaho 209 E - Ibipimo bisukuye Icyiciro
| Ibice byinshi / m3 | |||||
| Icyiciro | > = 0.5 μm | > = 1 μm | > = 5 μm | > = 10 μm | > = 25 μm |
| Icyiciro 1 | 3.000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Icyiciro cya 2 | 300.000 | 2000 | 30 | ||
| Icyiciro cya 3 | 1.000.000 | 20.000 | 4000 | 300 | |
| Icyiciro cya 4 | 20.000 | 40.000 | 4000 | ||
Nigute wakomeza kwitondera icyumba cyiza
Kubera ko intego yicyumba gisukuye ari ukugira ngo yige cyangwa gukora muburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye, birasa nkaho bidashoboka ko ikintu cyanduye cyinjizwa mubidukikije. Ariko, burigihe hariho ibyago, kandi hagomba kubaho ibyago, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kubigenzura.
Hano haribintu bibiri bihinduka bishobora kugabanya ibyiciro bisukuye. Impinduka ya mbere ni abantu bakoresha icyumba. Iya kabiri ni ibintu cyangwa ibikoresho biyinjizwamo. Utitaye ku kwiyegurira abakozi b'icyumba gisukuye, amakosa agomba kubaho. Iyo umuntu yihuta, abantu barashobora kwibagirwa gukurikiza protocole zose, bambara imyenda idakwiye, cyangwa yirengagiza ibindi bice bimwe byita kugiti cyabo.
Kugerageza kugenzura aya marenga, amasosiyete afite ubwoko bwubwoko bwimiterere yicyumba abakozi bafite isuku bagomba kwambara, bigira ingaruka kubikorwa bisabwa mucyumba gisukuye. Icyumba gisanzwe cyucyumba kirimo igipfukisho cyamaguru, ingofero cyangwa inshundura zumusatsi, kwambara amaso, gants nicyatsi. Ibipimo bikomeye byerekana kwambara umubiri-umubiri wuzuye ufite ikirere cyihishe kibuza uwambaye kuba umwanda icyumba gisukuye hamwe no guhumeka.
Ibibazo byo Kugumana Icyumba Cyera
Ubwiza bwa sisitemu yo kuzenguruka ikirere mucyumba cyiza nikibazo gikomeye kijyanye no gukomeza icyumba gisukuye. Nubwo icyumba gisukuye kimaze kubona ibyiciro, ibyo byiciro birashobora guhinduka byoroshye cyangwa kuzimira burundu niba ifite sisitemu mbi yo kurwara umwuka. Sisitemu iterwa cyane numubare wayafilige nibikorwa byikirere cyabo.
Ikintu kimwe cyingenzi gisuzumwa nigiciro, nikihe gice cyingenzi cyo kubungabunga icyumba gisukuye. Mugutegura kubaka icyumba gisukuye kubipimo byihariye, abakora bakeneye gufata ibintu bike. Ikintu cya mbere ni umubare wayaruzinguzi usabwa kubungabunga ubuziranenge bwicyumba. Ikintu cya kabiri cyo gusuzuma ni uburyo bwo guhuza ikirere kugirango tumenye ko ubushyuhe bwimbere mucyumba gisukuye bugumaho. Hanyuma, ikintu cya gatatu nigishushanyo cyicyumba. Mubihe byinshi, amasosiyete azasaba icyumba gisukuye cyangwa gito kuruta ibyo bakeneye. Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera cyicyumba gisukuye kigomba gusesengurwa neza kugirango byujuje ibyangombwa nyabyo byateganijwe.
Ni izihe nganda zisaba icyiciro cyicyumba gikomeye?
Mugihe tekinoroji yiterambere, hariho ibintu byingenzi bijyanye no gukora ibikoresho bya tekiniki. Kimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi ni igenzura ry'ibintu bya miniscule bishobora guhungabanya imikorere yigikoresho cyihariye.
Ibyifuzo bigaragara cyane kugirango ibidukikije bidasagureho ni inganda za farumasi aho imyuka cyangwa imyanya ihungantego zishobora kwangiza gukora imiti. Inganda zitanga imirongo minisiteri ikomeye mubikoresho byateganijwe bigomba kwizezwa ko gukora no guterana birinzwe. Izi ni ebyiri gusa munganda zikoresha ibyumba bisukuye. Abandi ni aeropace, optics, na nanotechnology. Ibikoresho bya tekiniki byahindutse bito kandi byunvikana kuruta mbere hose, niyo mpamvu ibyumba bisukuye bizakomeza kuba ikintu gikomeye mugukora neza no gukora umusaruro mwiza.
Igihe cya nyuma: Werurwe-29-2023