Icyumba gisukuye kigomba kuba cyujuje ubuziranenge bw’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bipimo ngenderwaho (ISO) kugira ngo bishyirwe mu byiciro. ISO yashinzwe mu 1947, yashinzwe hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa amahame mpuzamahanga ku bintu byoroshye by’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’ubucuruzi, nko gukorana n’imiti, ibikoresho bihindagurika, n’ibikoresho byoroshye. Nubwo umuryango washyizweho kubushake, amahame yashyizweho yashyizeho amahame shingiro ashyirwaho yubahwa nimiryango kwisi yose. Uyu munsi, ISO ifite ibipimo birenga 20.000 kugirango ibigo bikoreshe nkuyobora.
Icyumba cya mbere gisukuye cyakozwe kandi gishushanywa na Willis Whitfield mu 1960. Igishushanyo n’intego y’icyumba gisukuye ni ukurinda inzira n'ibirimo ibintu byose bidukikije. Abantu bakoresha icyumba nibintu byageragejwe cyangwa byubatswemo birashobora kubuza icyumba gisukuye kubahiriza ibipimo byisuku. Igenzura ryihariye rirasabwa gukuraho ibyo bintu bitera ibibazo bishoboka.
Ibyumba bisukuye mubyumba bipima urwego rwisuku mukubara ingano nubunini bwibice kuri cubic yumwuka. Ibice bitangirira kuri ISO 1 bikajya kuri ISO 9, hamwe na ISO 1 arirwo rwego rwo hejuru rwisuku mugihe ISO 9 ari umwanda. Ibyumba byinshi bisukuye bigwa muri ISO 7 cyangwa 8.
Umuryango mpuzamahanga woguhuza ibipimo ngenderwaho
| Icyiciro | Ibice ntarengwa / m3 | FED STD 209E Bingana | |||||
| > = 0.1 µm | > = 0.2 µm | > = 0.3 µm | > = 0.5 µm | > = 1 µm | > = 5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1.000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Icyiciro cya 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2.370 | 1.020 | 352 | 83 | Icyiciro cya 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100.000 | 23.700 | 10.200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Icyiciro cya 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1.000.000 | 237.000 | 102.000 | 35,200 | 8.320 | 293 | Icyiciro 1.000 |
| ISO 7 | 352.000 | 83,200 | 2.930 | Icyiciro 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520.000 | 832.000 | 29.300 | Icyiciro 100.000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200.000 | 8.320.000 | 293.000 | Icyumba cyo mu cyumba | |||
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya Leta 209 E - Ibyumba bisukura ibyumba
| Ibice ntarengwa / m3 | |||||
| Icyiciro | > = 0.5 µm | > = 1 µm | > = 5 µm | > = 10 µm | > = 25 µm |
| Icyiciro cya 1 | 3.000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Icyiciro cya 2 | 300.000 | 2000 | 30 | ||
| Icyiciro cya 3 | 1.000.000 | 20.000 | 4.000 | 300 | |
| Icyiciro cya 4 | 20.000 | 40.000 | 4.000 | ||
Nigute ushobora kubika ibyumba bisukuye
Kubera ko intego yicyumba gisukuye ari ukwiga cyangwa gukora kubintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye, birasa nkaho bidashoboka ko ikintu cyanduye cyinjizwa mubidukikije. Nyamara, burigihe hariho ibyago, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kubigenzura.
Hariho ibintu bibiri bihinduka bishobora kugabanya icyumba gisukuye. Impinduka ya mbere ni abantu bakoresha icyumba. Iya kabiri ni ibintu cyangwa ibikoresho byazanywemo. Hatitawe ku bwitange bw'abakozi bo mucyumba gisukuye, amakosa agomba kubaho. Iyo wihuta, abantu barashobora kwibagirwa gukurikiza protocole zose, kwambara imyenda idakwiye, cyangwa kwirengagiza ubundi buryo bwo kwita kubantu.
Mu kugerageza kugenzura ibyo bigenzurwa, ibigo bifite ibisabwa byubwoko bwimyambaro abakozi bo mucyumba gisukuye bagomba kwambara, bigira ingaruka kubikorwa bisabwa mucyumba gisukuye. Imyambarire isanzwe yicyumba irimo gutwikira ibirenge, ingofero cyangwa inshundura zumusatsi, kwambara ijisho, gants na gown. Ibipimo bikaze biteganya kwambara ikositimu yumubiri wuzuye ifite umwuka wonyine ubuza uwambaye kwanduza icyumba gisukuye numwuka wabo.
Ibibazo byo gukomeza ibyumba bisukuye
Ubwiza bwa sisitemu yo kuzenguruka ikirere mucyumba gisukuye nikibazo gikomeye cyane kijyanye no gukomeza ibyumba bisukuye. Nubwo icyumba gisukuye kimaze kubona ibyiciro, ibyo byiciro birashobora guhinduka byoroshye cyangwa gutakara burundu niba bifite sisitemu mbi yo kuyungurura ikirere. Sisitemu iterwa cyane numubare wa filteri isabwa nuburyo bwiza bwo gutembera kwumwuka.
Ikintu kimwe cyingenzi kigomba kwitabwaho ni ikiguzi, nigice cyingenzi cyo kubungabunga icyumba gisukuye. Mugutegura kubaka icyumba gisukuye kurwego runaka, ababikora bakeneye kuzirikana ibintu bike. Ikintu cya mbere ni umubare wa filteri zisabwa kugirango ubungabunge ikirere cyicyumba. Ikintu cya kabiri ugomba gusuzuma ni uburyo bwo guhumeka kugirango ubushyuhe buri imbere mucyumba gisukuye bugume buhamye. Hanyuma, ikintu cya gatatu nigishushanyo cyicyumba. Mubihe byinshi cyane, ibigo bizasaba icyumba gisukuye kinini cyangwa gito kuruta ibyo bakeneye. Kubwibyo, igishushanyo cyicyumba gisukuye kigomba gusesengurwa neza kugirango cyuzuze ibisabwa byateganijwe.
Ni izihe nganda zisaba ibyumba bisukuye cyane?
Mugihe ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere, hari ibintu byingenzi bijyanye no gukora ibikoresho bya tekiniki. Kimwe mubibazo byingenzi nukugenzura ibintu bya miniscule bishobora guhungabanya imikorere yigikoresho cyoroshye.
Ikigaragara cyane ku bidukikije bidafite umwanda ni uruganda rukora imiti aho imyuka cyangwa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bishobora kwangiza uruganda rukora imiti. Inganda zitanga imashanyarazi ntoya cyane kubikoresho nyabyo bigomba kwizezwa ko gukora no guteranya birinzwe. Izi ni ebyiri gusa mu nganda nyinshi zikoresha ibyumba bisukuye. Abandi ni ikirere, optique, na nanotehnologiya. Ibikoresho bya tekiniki byabaye bito kandi byoroshye kuruta mbere hose, niyo mpamvu ibyumba bisukuye bizakomeza kuba ikintu cyingenzi mubikorwa no gukora neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-29-2023