Icyumba gisukuye kigomba kuba cyujuje ibisabwa n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubuziranenge (ISO) kugira ngo gishyirwe mu byiciro. ISO, yashinzwe mu 1947, yashinzwe kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa amahame mpuzamahanga ku bintu by’ingenzi by’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’imikorere y’ubucuruzi, nko gukorana n’imiti, ibikoresho bihindagurika, n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo umuryango washinzwe ku bushake, amahame yashyizweho yashyizeho amahame shingiro yubahirizwa n’imiryango ku isi yose. Muri iki gihe, ISO ifite amahame arenga 20.000 y’ibigo yo gukoresha nk’ubuyobozi.
Icyumba cya mbere cy’isuku cyakozwe kandi gishushanywa na Willis Whitfield mu 1960. Igishushanyo mbonera n'intego by'icyumba cy’isuku ni ukurinda imikorere yacyo n'ibirimo ibintu byose bidafite aho bihuriye n'ibidukikije. Abantu bakoresha icyumba n'ibikoresho byapimwe cyangwa byubatswemo bishobora kubangamira icyumba cy’isuku kuzuza amahame y’isuku yacyo. Hakenewe uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura kugira ngo ibyo bintu bitera ibibazo bikureho uko bishoboka kose.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’icyumba gisukuye ripima urwego rw’isuku hakoreshwa kubara ingano n’ingano y’uduce duto kuri buri gipimo cy’umwuka. Ibice bitangirira kuri ISO 1 bikajya kuri ISO 9, aho ISO 1 ari yo isuku yo hejuru mu gihe ISO 9 ari yo yanduye cyane. Ibyumba byinshi bisukuye biri mu cyiciro cya ISO 7 cyangwa 8.
Amahame Mpuzamahanga y’Ubuziranenge ku Bice Bisanzwe
| Ishuri | Ibice ntarengwa / m3 | FED STD 209E Igipimo kingana | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Icyiciro cya 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Icyiciro cya 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100.000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Icyiciro cya 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237.000 | 102.000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Icyiciro cya 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352.000 | 83.200 | 2,930 | Icyiciro cya 10.000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832.000 | 29.300 | Icyiciro cya 100.000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293.000 | Umwotsi wo mu cyumba | |||
Amabwiriza ya Leta 209 E – Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’Amabwiriza agenga Icyumba Gisukuye
| Ibice ntarengwa / m3 | |||||
| Ishuri | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | >=10 µm | >=25 µm |
| Icyiciro cya 1 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Icyiciro cya 2 | 300.000 | 2,000 | 30 | ||
| Icyiciro cya 3 | 1,000,000 | 20.000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Icyiciro cya 4 | 20.000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Uburyo bwo gukomeza gushyira mu byiciro icyumba gisukuye
Kubera ko intego y'icyumba gisukuye ari ukwiga cyangwa gukora ku bice byoroshye kandi byoroshye, bisa nkaho bidashoboka ko ikintu cyanduye cyashyirwa muri bene icyo kintu. Ariko, hari ingaruka zihari, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kukigenzura.
Hari ibintu bibiri bishobora kugabanya ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’icyumba gisukuye. Ikintu cya mbere ni abantu bakoresha icyumba. Icya kabiri ni ibintu cyangwa ibikoresho bizanwamo. Nubwo abakozi bo mu cyumba gisukuye baba babigizemo uruhare, amakosa ashobora kubaho. Iyo abantu bihutiye, bashobora kwibagirwa gukurikiza amabwiriza yose, kwambara imyenda idakwiriye, cyangwa kwirengagiza ikindi kintu cyo kwita ku buzima bwabo.
Mu rwego rwo kugenzura ibi bibazo, amasosiyete afite ibisabwa ku bwoko bw'imyenda abakozi bo mu cyumba gisukuye bagomba kwambara, ibyo bikaba bigirwaho ingaruka n'ibikorwa bisabwa mu cyumba gisukuye. Imyambarire isanzwe isukuye irimo umwambaro w'ibirenge, ingofero cyangwa inzitiramibu, kwambara amaso, uturindantoki n'ikanzu. Amabwiriza akomeye agena kwambara amakoti yuzuye afite umwuka wigenga ubuza uwambaye kwanduza icyumba gisukuye n'umwuka we.
Ibibazo byo kubungabunga isuku mu cyumba
Ubwiza bw'uburyo umwuka utembera mu cyumba gisukuye ni cyo kibazo gikomeye kijyanye no kubungabunga uburyo icyumba gisukuye gishyirwa mu byiciro. Nubwo icyumba gisukuye cyamaze gushyirwa mu byiciro, ubwo buryo bushobora guhinduka cyangwa gutakaza burundu mu gihe gifite uburyo bubi bwo kuyungurura umwuka. Ubu buryo bushingiye cyane ku mubare w'ibikoresho bisukura bikenewe n'ubushobozi bw'umwuka wabyo.
Ikintu kimwe cy'ingenzi kigomba kwitabwaho ni ikiguzi, ari na cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyo kubungabunga icyumba gisukuye. Mu gutegura kubaka icyumba gisukuye ku rugero runaka, abakora ibikoresho bagomba kuzirikana ibintu bike. Ikintu cya mbere ni umubare w'amafiriti asabwa kugira ngo umwuka mwiza w'icyumba ukomeze kuba mwiza. Ikintu cya kabiri kigomba kwitabwaho ni sisitemu yo gukonjesha kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'icyumba gisukuye bukomeze kuba bwiza. Amaherezo, ikintu cya gatatu ni imiterere y'icyumba. Mu bihe byinshi, amasosiyete asaba icyumba gisukuye kinini cyangwa gito ugereranyije n'icyo akeneye. Kubwibyo, imiterere y'icyumba gisukuye igomba gusesengurwa neza kugira ngo yuzuze ibisabwa neza n'ikoreshwa ryacyo.
Ni izihe nganda zisaba gushyira mu byiciro ibyumba bisukuye neza cyane?
Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, hari ibintu by'ingenzi bijyanye no gukora ibikoresho bya tekiniki. Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ni ukugenzura ibintu bito bishobora kubangamira imikorere y'igikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga.
Igikenewe cyane kugira ngo ibidukikije bitagira umwanda ni inganda zikora imiti aho imyuka cyangwa imyuka ihumanya ikirere bishobora kwangiza ikorwa ry'imiti. Inganda zikora imiyoboro mito ihambaye yo gukoresha ibikoresho nyabyo zigomba kwemeza ko inganda n'iteranya birinzwe. Izi ni ebyiri gusa mu nganda nyinshi zikoresha ibyumba bisukuye. Izindi ni indege, optique, na nanotechnology. Ibikoresho bya tekiniki byarushijeho kuba bito kandi byoroshye cyane kurusha mbere hose, niyo mpamvu ibyumba bisukuye bizakomeza kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda no mu mikorere myiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-29-2023