Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19, abaturage basobanukiwe neza amahugurwa ajyanye no gukora udupfukamunwa, imyenda yo kwirinda n’urukingo rwa COVID-19, ariko ntabwo yuzuye.
Ishuri risukura ryabanje gukoreshwa mu nganda za gisirikare, hanyuma rigenda ryaguka buhoro buhoro rigera mu nzego nk'ibiribwa, ubuvuzi, imiti, optique, electronics, laboratwari, nibindi, bitera imbere cyane mu kunoza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa. Kuri ubu, urwego rw'umushinga w'icyumba gisukura mu mashuri asukura rwabaye ihame ryo gupima urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rw'igihugu. Urugero, Ubushinwa bushobora kuba igihugu cya gatatu ku isi cyohereje abantu mu isanzure, kandi gukora ibikoresho byinshi n'ibice bifatika ntibishobora gutandukanywa n'amashuri asukura. None se, ishuri risukura ni iki? Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ishuri risukura n'ishuri risanzwe ni irihe? Reka turebere hamwe!
Ubwa mbere, tugomba gusobanukirwa ibisobanuro n'ihame ry'imikorere y'ikigo gisukuye.
Ibisobanuro by'ahantu ho gukorera isuku: Ahantu ho gukorera isuku, hazwi kandi nka ahakorerwa isuku hatagira ivumbi cyangwa icyumba gisukuye, bivuga icyumba cyagenewe byihariye gikuraho imyanda nk'uduce duto, umwuka wangiza, na bagiteri mu kirere binyuze mu buryo bufatika, bw'amatara, bwa chimique, bwa mekanike, n'ubundi buryo bw'umwuga mu rwego runaka rw'ahantu, kandi kikagenzura ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu, isuku, umuvuduko w'umwuka, umuvuduko w'umwuka, urusaku, guhindagura, amatara, n'amashanyarazi adahindagurika mu byiciro bimwe na bimwe by'ibikenewe.
Ihame ry'imikorere yo gusukura: ikirere gitembera → ubuvuzi bw'ibanze → ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha → ubuvuzi bw'umwuka buciriritse → amashanyarazi → umuyoboro wo gusukura → inzira yo gusohora umwuka ikora neza cyane → icyumba gisukuye → gukuraho uduce tw'umukungugu (umukungugu, bagiteri, nibindi) → subiza umuyoboro w'umwuka → ubuvuzi bw'umwuka wavuwe → ubuvuzi bw'umwuka mwiza → ubuvuzi bw'ibanze bw'umwuka. Subiramo ibi byavuzwe haruguru kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo gusukura.
Icya kabiri, sobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y'amahugurwa asukuye n'amahugurwa asanzwe.
- Amahitamo atandukanye y'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi
Amazu asanzwe yo gukoreramo nta mategeko yihariye agira ku bijyanye n'amabaraza yo gukoreramo, hasi, n'ibindi. Ashobora gukoresha inkuta z'amabuye y'agaciro, terrazzo, n'ibindi.
Muri rusange, ububiko bw'ibikoresho bikora sandwich bukozwe mu cyuma gifite ibara ry'amabara, kandi ibikoresho byo mu gisenge, inkuta n'ubutaka bigomba kuba bidashobora kuvumbirwa n'umukungugu, birwanya ingese, birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, bidashobora gusenyuka, kandi ntibigomba koroha gutanga amashanyarazi adahinduka, kandi nta mfuruka zigomba kuba zipfuye mu bubiko bw'ibikoresho. Inkuta n'ibisenge bimanitse by'ububiko bw'ibikoresho bikora ibyuma bisukuye bikoresha ibyuma bifite ubugari bwa mm 50, kandi ubutaka bukoresha cyane cyane epoxy self-leveling pack cyangwa pulasitiki igezweho idashira. Niba hari ibisabwa mu kwirinda kudahinduka, ubwoko bwa anti-static burashobora gutoranywa.
2. Inzego zitandukanye z'isuku y'umwuka
Amahugurwa asanzwe ntashobora kugenzura isuku y'umwuka, ariko amahugurwa asukuye ashobora kwemeza no kubungabunga isuku y'umwuka.
(1) Mu gikorwa cyo kuyungurura umwuka mu icupa ry’ibikoresho byo gusukura, uretse gukoresha ibyuma biyungurura umwuka bikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ibanze n’ubuciriritse, hakorwa kandi uburyo bwo kuyungurura umwuka neza kugira ngo habeho kwica udukoko duto mu kirere, bityo habeho isuku mu icupa ry’ibikoresho.
(2) Mu buhanga mu byumba bisukuye, umubare w’impinduka z’umwuka ni munini cyane ugereranije n’impinduka zisanzwe. Muri rusange, mu mahugurwa asanzwe, hakenewe impinduka z’umwuka 8-10 ku isaha. Amashuri asukuye, bitewe n’inganda zitandukanye, afite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku rwego rw’isuku y’umwuka n’impinduka z’umwuka zitandukanye. Dufashe urugero rw’inganda zikora imiti, zigabanyijemo urwego rune: ABCD, D-urwego inshuro 6-20/H, C-urwego inshuro 20-40/H, B-urwego inshuro 40-60/H, n’umuvuduko w’umwuka wo ku rwego rwa A wa 0.36-0.54m/s. Amashuri asukuye ahora afite igitutu cyiza kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyanda yo hanze yinjira mu gace gasukuye, katahabwa agaciro n’amashuri asanzwe.
3. Imiterere itandukanye y'imitako
Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ahantu n'imitako, ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mazu meza ni ugutandukanya amazi meza n'amazi yanduye, hamwe n'imiyoboro yihariye yo gukwirakwizamo abakozi n'ibintu kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa. Abantu n'ibintu ni byo bivamo ivumbi rinini, bityo ni ngombwa kugenzura no gukuraho imyanda ihambiriyeho kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyanda igera ahantu hasukuye kandi ikagira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gusukura imishinga y'ibyumba bisukuye.
Urugero, mbere yo kwinjira mu iduka risukuye, buri wese agomba guhindura inkweto, guhindura imyenda, guhumeka no kwiyuhagira, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no kwiyuhagira. Ibicuruzwa bigomba guhanagurwa iyo byinjira, kandi umubare w'abakozi ugomba kuba muto.
4. Ubuyobozi butandukanye
Gucunga amahugurwa asanzwe muri rusange bishingiye ku byo bakeneye mu buryo bwabo, ariko gucunga ibyumba bisukuye biragoye cyane.
Iyi workshop isukuye ishingiye ku ma workshop asanzwe kandi igenzura neza uburyo umwuka ucukurwa, ingano y’umwuka utangwa, umuvuduko w’umwuka, abakozi n’ibikoresho bisohoka binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga risukuye ry’ubuhanga mu ma workshop kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu, isuku, umuvuduko w’umwuka wo mu nzu, umuvuduko w’umwuka n’ikwirakwizwa ry’umwuka, urusaku n’ihindagurika ry’umwuka, hamwe n’uburyo amatara acungwa neza biri mu rugero runaka.
Amazu yo gukoreramo isuku afite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku nganda zitandukanye n'uburyo bwo gukora, ariko muri rusange agabanyijemo icyiciro cya 100, icyiciro cya 1000, icyiciro cya 10000, icyiciro cya 100000, n'icyiciro cya 1000000 hashingiwe ku isuku y'umwuka.
Bitewe n'iterambere ry'umuryango, ikoreshwa ry'ibigo bisukuye mu musaruro wacu w'inganda ugezweho n'ubuzima burimo gukwirakwira cyane. Ugereranyije n'ibigo bisanzwe bisanzwe, bifite ingaruka nziza cyane ku rwego rwo hejuru n'umutekano, kandi urwego rw'umwuka wo mu nzu narwo ruzaba rwujuje ibisabwa n'ibicuruzwa.
Ibiryo byinshi by’icyatsi kibisi kandi bifite isuku, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bifite imikorere myiza kurushaho, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bifite umutekano kandi bifite isuku, amavuta yo kwisiga ahura n’umubiri w’umuntu, n’ibindi byose birakorwa mu mushinga wo gusukura icyumba cy’isuku cy’aho bakorera isuku.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-31-2023