Mu bidukikije bifite isuku ihanitse cyane, nk'ibyumba bikoreramo ibitaro, amahugurwa ya chip ya elegitoroniki, na laboratoire y’ibinyabuzima, kubaka ubwiherero ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho umusaruro utekanye n’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Ntabwo ari impanuka ko imbaho z'isuku zihora zifite umwanya usanzwe mu iyubakwa ry’isuku - zikemura ibibazo by’isuku ibyumba bisanzwe birwanira kubahiriza, biba ibuye rikomeza imfuruka yo kurinda isuku.
1. Kurwanya umwanda ku isoko: kurandura "amasoko atagaragara y’umwanda" no gukomeza umurongo w’isuku.
Icyifuzo cyibanze mu iyubakwa ry’isuku ni "umwanda wa zeru," ariko imbaho zisanzwe (nk'ikibaho cya gypsumu gakondo n'ibiti) akenshi zifite inenge zavukijwe: zoroha byoroshye ubuhehere no kubumba, kumena umukungugu byoroshye, ndetse no gutandukanya ingingo bishobora guhinduka ahantu h'umukungugu na mikorobe. Ikibaho cyisuku wirinde rwose iki kibazo uhereye kubintu bifatika, uhereye kubikoresho kugeza mubukorikori. Ibikoresho byingenzi nkubwoya bwamabuye, magnesium yikirahure, hamwe na silika ya silika byatoranijwe neza, mubisanzwe bidatanga umukungugu, ntibikurura amazi, na anti-mikorobe, bityo ntibirekure umwanda. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji yabo yo gufunga yongerewe imbaraga: kashe yihariye hamwe nururimi-na-groove bifashishwa mugihe bifatanije hamwe, bikafunga burundu icyuho kandi bikarinda neza ivumbi na bagiteri bitwarwa numwuka wo hanze kwinjira mubwiherero, bikuraho neza inzira zanduza zituruka.
Byaba ari ukugenzura cyane ivumbi ryo mu rwego rwa micron mu mahugurwa ya elegitoroniki cyangwa gukenera ibidukikije mu byumba bikoreramo ibitaro, imbaho z’isuku zitanga umurongo wa mbere wo kwirinda isuku.
2. Biroroshye koza no kubungabunga: bikwiranye no gukora isuku kenshi, kugabanya ibiciro byigihe kirekire.
Ubwiherero busaba kwanduza no gukora isuku buri gihe (urugero, kwanduza nyuma yo kubaga mu byumba bikoreramo ibitaro no gukora isuku ya buri munsi mu nganda zitunganya ibiryo). Biragoye-kubungabunga ibibaho hejuru ntabwo byongera imirimo yumurimo gusa ahubwo birashobora no gusiga umwanda "mu mpande zanduye", bikaba byangiza umutekano. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byisuku birahuye neza nibisabwa kenshi:
Ibikoresho biramba biramba: Ibyuma bya Galvanised, ibyuma bisize amabara, nibindi bikoresho byoroshye bikoreshwa kenshi, bikavamo ubuso butagira pore kandi butagira ikizinga. Imiti yica udukoko (nk'inzoga na chlorine ishingiye kuri chlorine) ntizishobora kwangirika cyangwa guhinduka nyuma yo guhanagura.
Gukora neza cyane: Ikirangantego gishobora gukurwaho vuba nigitambara, bikuraho ibikoresho bikenewe. Ibi bivanaho inguni zapfuye aho umwanda na grime bishobora gutinda, bikagabanya cyane igihe cyogusukura nigiciro cyakazi mugihe nanone bigabanya ibyangiritse kumwanya mugihe cyogusukura.
3. Imikorere ihamye: ibereye ibidukikije bikaze, byemeza igihe kirekire
Ibidukikije byogukora isuku akenshi birihariye: amahugurwa ya elegitoroniki amwe akenera ubushyuhe nubushuhe burigihe, ibyumba bikoreramo ibitaro birashobora guhura kenshi na disinfectant, kandi laboratoire yibinyabuzima irashobora guhura na gaze yangirika. Ikibaho gisanzwe kirashobora guhinduka no gusaza muri ibi bidukikije bigoye mugihe, bikabangamira kashe hamwe numutekano wubwiherero. Ikibaho cyogusukura gitanga imikorere ihamye ibereye ibintu byose:
Kurwanya imbaraga nyinshi cyane: Ntabwo zujuje gusa ibipimo byerekana umuriro (urugero, ibirahuri-magnesium yibikoresho byogusukura bigera ku cyiciro cy’umuriro A), birwanya kandi ubushuhe, birinda gusaza, kandi birwanya ruswa. Ndetse no mubidukikije bifite ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire nubushuhe cyangwa kwanduza kenshi, ntibishobora guhinduka cyane, guhinduka, gucika, no gushira.
Imbaraga zubatswe zihagije: Ikibaho kinini muri rusange kibafasha kwihanganira imitwaro ya gisenge hamwe nibice mumishinga yubwiherero, bikuraho ibikenerwa byongerwaho imbaraga kandi bikarinda kunanirwa kwi suku kubera ihinduka ryimiterere.
Ku bwiherero busaba gukora igihe kirekire (nk'amahugurwa ya semiconductor asaba umusaruro uhoraho cyangwa ibyumba bikoreramo ibitaro bisaba amasaha 24 yo kuboneka), ituze ryibikoresho byisuku bigena neza ubuzima bwumushinga wubwiherero.
4. Ubwubatsi bunoze: ubwubatsi bwa modular bugabanya inzinguzingo zumushinga.
Imishinga yisuku ikunze guhura nigihe ntarengwa - ibigo bya elegitoroniki bigomba gutangira umusaruro byihuse, kandi ibitaro bigomba gufungura ibyumba bishya bikoreramo vuba bishoboka. Inzira zigihe kirekire zubaka zirashobora kugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku musaruro niterambere ryubuvuzi. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byogusukura gikemura neza iyi ngingo yububabare:
Urwego rwo hejuru rwo gutunganya: Ibikoresho byogusukura byateguwe muruganda, bikuraho gukenera gukata no gusya (gukumira umwanda). Kwishyiriraho byihuse kandi byoroshye: Ukoresheje uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho moderi, abakozi bateranya gusa kandi bakarinda panne ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera. Ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwo guhomesha no gusiga amarangi, imikorere yubwubatsi yiyongera hejuru ya 50%, bigatuma hashyirwaho byihuse ubwiherero bufunze.
Kurugero, mu mahugurwa ya elegitoroniki yo mu cyiciro cya 1.000, ukoresheje imbaho zogusukura kugirango wubake urukuta rwibice hamwe nigisenge mubisanzwe birangiza kwishyiriraho ibyumweru 1-2, bigabanya cyane ukwezi kwumushinga kandi bigafasha ibigo kwinjira mubikorwa byihuse.
Muncamake: Ikibaho cyisuku ntabwo ari amahitamo; ni ngombwa!
Intangiriro yubwubatsi bwubwiherero n "ibidukikije bigenzurwa neza." Ibikoresho by'isuku, hamwe nibyiza bine byingenzi byo kurwanya umwanda, koroshya isuku, gutuza, no gukora neza, byujuje neza iki cyifuzo gikenewe. Ntabwo ari "ibikoresho" byo kubaka umwanya w’isuku, ahubwo ni "ibyingenzi" byemeza imikorere yigihe kirekire, yizewe yimishinga yubwiherero. Haba muburyo bwa tekiniki cyangwa agaciro gakoreshwa mubikorwa, isuku yi suku yahindutse "igipimo" cyubwubatsi bwisuku, amahitamo karemano yo guteza imbere inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-14-2025