Mu bidukikije bifite isuku nyinshi cyane, nko mu byumba byo gukoreramo mu bitaro, mu byumba byo gukoreramo ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, no muri laboratwari z’ibinyabuzima, kubaka ibyumba byo gusukura ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho umusaruro utekanye n’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Si impanuka ko ibyumba byo gusukura bihora bifite umwanya usanzwe mu bwubatsi bw’ibyumba byo gusukura—bikemura ibibazo by’ibyumba byo gusukura ibyo ibyumba bisanzwe bigorana kuzuza, bikaba inkingi y’ingenzi mu kurinda ibyumba byo gusukura.
1. Kugenzura umwanda aho uturuka: kurandura "inkomoko z'umwanda zitagaragara" no gukomeza isuku.
Igisabwa cy'ingenzi mu kubaka icyumba cy'isuku ni "nta mwanda uhumanya," ariko ibibanza bisanzwe (nk'imbaho za gypsum n'ibiti) akenshi bigira inenge: byoroshye kwinjiza ubushuhe n'ibumba, bigasohora ivumbi byoroshye, ndetse n'icyuho kiri hagati y'ingingo gishobora kuba ahantu ho kubika ivumbi n'udukoko. Ibibanza by'isuku birinda burundu iki kibazo uhereye ku bikoresho, uhereye ku bikoresho kugeza ku bukorikori. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi nk'ubwoya bw'amabuye, manyeziyumu y'ibirahure, n'amabuye ya silica biratoranywa neza, ntibitanga ivumbi, ntibifata ubushuhe, kandi birwanya mikorobe, bityo ntibisohora imyanda. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga ryabyo ryo gufunga rirarushaho kwiyongera: ibikoresho byihariye byo gufunga n'ingingo zo mu rurimi no mu mwobo bikoreshwa iyo bihuza ibibanza, bigafunga burundu icyuho kandi bikabuza neza ivumbi na bagiteri bitwarwa n'umwuka wo hanze kwinjira mu cyumba cy'isuku, bigakuraho neza inzira z'umwanda aho isoko rituruka.
Byaba ari ukugenzura cyane ivumbi rigera ku rugero rwa micron mu mazu akorerwamo ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa se gusaba ahantu hadasukuye mu byumba byo gukoreramo mu bitaro, amabati yo mu byumba byo gusukura ni yo afasha mu isuku.
2. Byoroshye gusukura no kubungabunga: bibereye gusukura kenshi, bigabanya ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire.
Ibyumba byo gusukura bisaba gusukurwa no gusukurwa buri gihe (urugero, gusukurwa nyuma yo kubagwa mu byumba byo gukoreramo mu bitaro no gusukurwa buri munsi mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa). Ibice byo ku rukuta bigoranye kubungabunga ntabwo byongera gusa akazi ko gusukura ahubwo bishobora no gusiga umwanda mu "mfuruka zitarasukurwa," bigatera ingaruka mbi ku mutekano. Imiterere y'ibice byo gusukura ijyanye neza n'ibikenewe mu gusukura kenshi:
Ibikoresho biramba: Ibyuma bya galvanizi, ibyuma bifite amabara, n'ibindi bikoresho byoroshye bikunze gukoreshwa, bigatuma ubuso butagira imyenge kandi butagira umugozi. Imiti yica udukoko (nk'imiti yica udukoko ishingiye kuri alcool na chlorine) ntizangirika cyangwa ngo ihinduke nyuma yo guhanagura.
Isuku ikora neza cyane: Indabyo zo hejuru zishobora gukurwaho vuba hakoreshejwe igitambaro, bigatuma hatabaho gukoresha ibikoresho bigoye. Ibi bikuraho impande zapfuye aho umwanda n'imyanda bishobora kumara igihe kirekire, bigabanya cyane igihe cyo gusukura n'amafaranga y'abakozi, ndetse bikanagabanya kwangirika kw'ibipande mu gihe cyo gusukura.
3. Imikorere ihamye: ikwiriye ahantu habi, ishimangira ko ihora yizewe
Ahantu ho gukorera isuku mu cyumba cy’isuku akenshi ni umwihariko: amwe mu mazu y’ikoranabuhanga asaba ubushyuhe n’ubukonje bihoraho, ibyumba byo gukoreramo mu bitaro bikunze guhura n’imiti yica udukoko, kandi laboratwari z’ibinyabuzima zishobora guhura n’imyuka yangiza. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bishobora kwangirika no gusaza muri ibi bice bigoye uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigatera ikibazo cyo gufunga no kudahungabana kw’icyumba cy’isuku. Ibikoresho byo gukorera isuku bitanga imikorere ihamye ikwiranye n’ibintu byose:
Ubudahangarwa bukomeye mu ngero nyinshi: Ntabwo byujuje ibisabwa gusa ku gipimo cy’umuriro (urugero, ibishushanyo mbonera by’ikirahure-magnesium bigira igipimo cy’umuriro cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere), kandi birwanya ubushuhe, birwanya gusaza, kandi birwanya ingese. Ndetse no mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe n’ubukonje buhoraho igihe kirekire cyangwa bikunze gusukurwa, ntibikunze kwangirika, gucika intege no gushwanyagurika.
Ingufu zihagije z’inyubako: Ubukomezi bwinshi bw’inyubako muri rusange butuma zishobora kwihanganira imitwaro myinshi y’ibisenge n’ibice bigabanyamo ibice mu mishinga y’ibyumba byo gusukura, bikuraho gukenera kongera imbaraga no gukumira kwangirika kw’ibyumba byo gusukura bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’inyubako.
Ku byumba by'isuku bisaba imikorere ihamye igihe kirekire (nk'amaduka ya semiconductor asaba ibikorwa bihoraho cyangwa ibyumba byo gukoreramo mu bitaro bisaba amasaha 24), ubwiza bw'amapine y'ibyumba by'isuku bugena neza igihe umushinga w'ibyumba by'isuku uzamara.
4. Kubaka neza: kubaka modular bigabanya imikorere y'umushinga.
Imishinga yo gusukura ikunze guhura n'igihe ntarengwa cyo gukora—ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga bigomba gutangira gukora vuba bishoboka, kandi ibitaro bigomba gufungura ibyumba bishya byo gukorerwamo vuba bishoboka. Imirimo y'ubwubatsi irambye ishobora kugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku musaruro n'iterambere ry'ubuvuzi. Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo gusukura ikemura neza iki kibazo:
Urwego rwo hejuru rwo gushyiramo ibikoresho: Ibyuma byo mu cyumba cyo gusukura bikorerwa mu ruganda, bikuraho gukata no gusiga irangi aho biri (birinda ivumbi). Gushyiraho byihuse kandi byoroshye: Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibikoresho, abakozi bateranya gusa kandi bagafata neza ibyuma hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera. Ugereranyije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gusiga irangi aho biri, imikorere myiza y'ubwubatsi yiyongeraho hejuru ya 50%, bigatuma hubakwa icyumba cyo gusukura gifunze vuba.
Urugero, mu iduka ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga rya Class 1,000, gukoresha amabati yo gusukura mu kubaka inkuta zo kugabanyamo ibice n’ibisenge akenshi birangiza ishyirwaho ry’ingenzi mu byumweru 1-2, bigabanya cyane imikorere y’umushinga kandi bigatuma amasosiyete yinjira mu musaruro vuba.
Muri make: Paneli zo mu cyumba cyo gusukura si amahitamo; ni ngombwa!
Ishingiro ry'ubuhanga mu byumba byo gusukura ni "ibidukikije bisukuye bigenzurwa." Udupapuro two gusukura, dufite ibyiza bine by'ingenzi byo kurwanya umwanda, koroshya isuku, gutuza, no gukora neza cyane, twujuje neza iki gisabwa cy'ingenzi. Si "ibikoresho" byo kubaka ahantu ho gusukura gusa, ahubwo ni "igice cy'ingenzi" gihamya imikorere y'igihe kirekire kandi yizewe y'imishinga yo gusukura. Byaba ari mu rwego rwa tekiniki cyangwa mu gaciro k'ikoreshwa, utwuma two gusukura twahindutse "ihame" ry'ubuhanga mu byumba byo gusukura, amahitamo karemano yo guteza imbere inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 14-2025