IBISABWA BY'INGENZI BYO KWEMERERWA ICYUMBA GISHYA

1. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu yo kwemerera imishinga y’ibyumba bisukuye, agomba gukoreshwa hamwe n’amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu ariho ubu "Amahame Ngenderwaho y’Ubwiza bw’Imishinga y’Ubwubatsi". Hari amabwiriza cyangwa ibisabwa bisobanutse ku bintu by’ingenzi bigenzurwa nko kwemerera no kugenzura umushinga.

Igenzura ry'imishinga y'ubwubatsi bw'icyumba gisukuye rigamije gupima/gupima, n'ibindi, imiterere n'imikorere y'imishinga yihariye y'ubwubatsi, no kugereranya ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi n'ibiteganywa/ibisabwa mu bipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo hemezwe niba yujuje ibisabwa.

Urwego rugenzura rugizwe n'umubare runaka w'ibipimo byakusanyijwe mu buryo bumwe bwo gukora/kubaka cyangwa bigakusanyirizwa mu buryo bwagenwe kugira ngo bigenzurwe.

Kwemerwa k'umushinga bishingiye ku igenzura ry'ishami ry'ubwubatsi kandi bigategurwa n'ushinzwe kwemerwa k'ubuziranenge bw'umushinga, hamwe n'amashami abishinzwe agira uruhare mu kubaka umushinga. Ikora igenzura ry'ingero ku bwiza bw'amatsinda y'igenzura, ibintu bito, amashami, imishinga y'amashami n'imishinga ihishe. Suzuma inyandiko za tekiniki z'ubwubatsi n'izakirwa, kandi yemeze mu nyandiko niba ubuziranenge bw'umushinga bwujuje ibisabwa hashingiwe ku nyandiko z'igishushanyo mbonera n'amahame n'ibisobanuro bifatika.

Ubwiza bw'igenzura bugomba kwemerwa hakurikijwe ibintu by'ingenzi bigenzurwa n'ibintu rusange. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigenzurwa bivuga ibintu by'igenzura bigira uruhare rukomeye mu mutekano, kuzigama ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije no gukoresha neza. Ibindi bintu bigenzurwa bitari ibintu by'ingenzi bigenzurwa ni ibintu rusange.

2. Birasobanuwe neza ko nyuma y’uko umushinga wo kubaka ahantu heza ho gukorera ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi urangiye, kwemerwa bigomba gukorwa. Kwemerwa k’umushinga kugabanyijemo kwemerwa kurangira, kwemerwa ku musaruro, no kwemerwa ku mikoreshereze kugira ngo byemezwe ko buri gipimo cy’imikorere cyujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo, imikoreshereze, n’ibipimo bireba.

Kwakira kurangira bigomba gukorwa nyuma y’uko ikigo cy’isuku cyamaze kwemererwa na buri kigo gikomeye. Ishami ry’ubwubatsi rigomba kuba rishinzwe gutegura ubwubatsi, igishushanyo mbonera, kugenzura n’ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo byemerwe. 

Kwemerwa kw'imikorere bigomba gukorwa. Kwemerwa kw'ikoreshwa bigomba gukorwa nyuma yo kwemerwa kw'imikorere kandi bigomba gupimwa. Gusuzuma no gupima bikorwa n'umuntu wa gatatu ufite impamyabumenyi zijyanye n'igeragezwa cyangwa n'ishami ry'ubwubatsi n'undi muntu wa gatatu bifatanyije. Imiterere y'igeragezwa ry'umushinga w'icyumba gisukuye igomba kugabanywamo imiterere y'ubusa, imiterere idahinduka n'imiterere idahinduka.

Ikizamini cyo kwakira gikwiye gukorwa mu gihe cyo kurangiza, ikizamini cyo kwakira imikorere kigomba gukorwa mu gihe cyo kubura cyangwa mu gihe cyo kutagira aho gihuriye, naho ikizamini cyo kwakira ikoreshwa kigomba gukorwa mu gihe cyo kubura.

Ibimenyetso bihoraho kandi bihindagurika byerekana ko icyumba gisukuye kirimo ubusa biraboneka. Imishinga ihishe y’imyuga itandukanye mu mishinga isukuye igomba gusuzumwa no kwemerwa mbere yo guhishwa. Ubusanzwe ishami ry’ubwubatsi cyangwa abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura nibo bemera kandi bakemeza viza.

Gukosora sisitemu kugira ngo imishinga y’ibyumba bisukuye irangire bikorwa muri rusange ku bufatanye bw’ishami ry’ubwubatsi n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura. Isosiyete y’ubwubatsi ishinzwe gukemura ibibazo no kugerageza sisitemu. Ishami rishinzwe gukemura ibibazo rigomba kugira abakozi ba tekiniki b’igihe cyose bo gukemura ibibazo no kugerageza hamwe n’abakozi babishoboye bujuje ibisabwa. Kwemerwa kw’ubuziranenge kw’itsinda rito ry’igenzura ry’umushinga w’isuzuma ry’ibikoresho byo gupima bigomba kuba byujuje ibi bikurikira: kugira ishingiro ryuzuye ry’imikorere y’ubwubatsi n’inyandiko z’igenzura ry’ubuziranenge; igenzura ryose ry’ubuziranenge ry’imishinga y’ingenzi rigomba kuba ryujuje ibisabwa; ku igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’imishinga rusange, igipimo cyo gutsinda ntikigomba kuba munsi ya 80%. Mu mahame mpuzamahanga ya ISO 14644.4, kwemerwa kw’imishinga y’ibyumba bisukuye bigabanyijemo ukwemerwa k’ubwubatsi, kwemerwa kw’imikorere n’iyemerwa ry’imikorere (kwemerwa kw’ikoreshwa).

Kwemera inyubako ni igenzura, gukosora, gupima no gusuzuma ibice byose by’inyubako kugira ngo harebwe ko byujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo mbonera: Kwemera imikorere ni urukurikirane rw’ibipimo n’ibizamini kugira ngo harebwe niba ibice byose by’inyubako byageze ku "bump state" cyangwa "bump state" mu gihe bikorera icyarimwe.

Kwemera igikorwa ni ukumenya binyuze mu gupima no gupima ko ikigo cyose kigera ku bipimo by'imikorere "ihindagurika" bisabwa mu gihe gikora hakurikijwe inzira cyangwa imikorere yagenwe n'umubare w'abakozi bagenwe mu buryo bwumvikanyweho.

Kuri ubu hari amahame menshi y’igihugu n’inganda ajyanye no kubaka no kwemerwa kw’ibyumba bisukuye. Buri mahame muri aya afite imiterere yayo kandi amashami y’ingenzi ashushanya afite itandukaniro mu mikoreshereze, imiterere y’ibikubiye mu nyandiko, n’imikorere y’ubuhanga.