Ubusanzwe, isuzuma ry’icyumba gisukuye rikubiyemo: isuzumabumenyi ry’imiterere y’icyumba gisukuye, isuzumabumenyi ry’ubuhanga, harimo ibiribwa, ibikoresho by’ubuzima, amavuta yo kwisiga, amazi yo mu macupa, isuzumabumenyi ry’amata, isuzumabumenyi ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, isuzumabumenyi rya GMP, icyumba cyo kubaga mu bitaro, isuzumabumenyi ry’amatungo, isuzumabumenyi ry’ubuzima, utubati tw’umutekano w’ibinyabuzima, intebe zisukuye, isuzumabumenyi ridafite ivumbi, isuzumabumenyi ry’ibikoresho bisukuye, nibindi.
Ingano y'isuzuma ry'icyumba gisukuye: umuvuduko w'umwuka n'ingano y'umwuka, umubare w'impinduka z'umwuka, ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko, uduce tw'umukungugu duhagaze, bagiteri zireremba, bagiteri zamaze guhagarara, urusaku, urumuri, nibindi. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi, reba ibipimo ngenderwaho bireba isuzuma ry'icyumba gisukuye.
Gupima ibyumba bisukuye bigomba kugaragaza neza uko bihagaze. Imiterere itandukanye izatanga ibisubizo bitandukanye by'ibizamini. Dukurikije "Kode y'Ibishushanyo by'Ibyumba Bisukuye" (GB 50073-2001), isuzuma ry'ibyumba bisukuye rigabanyijemo imiterere itatu: imiterere y'ubusa, imiterere idahinduka n'imiterere ihindagurika.
(1) Ubusa: Ikigo cyubatswe, amashanyarazi yose arahujwe kandi arakora, ariko nta bikoresho byo gukora, ibikoresho n'abakozi bahari.
(2) Hakozwe imiterere idahindagurika, ibikoresho byo gukora byarashyizweho, kandi birimo gukora nk'uko byemejwe na nyir'ubwite n'umutanga ibicuruzwa, ariko nta bakozi bakora.
(3) Ubutegetsi bushingiye ku mikorere bukorera muri leta runaka, bufite abakozi bagenwe bahari, kandi bugakora akazi muri leta yumvikanyweho.
1. Umuvuduko w'umwuka, ingano y'umwuka n'umubare w'impinduka z'umwuka
Isuku y'ibyumba bisukuye n'ahantu hasukuye igerwaho ahanini no kohereza umwuka mwiza uhagije kugira ngo wimure kandi ugabanuke uduce duto tw'imyanda duturuka mu cyumba. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gupima ingano y'umwuka utangwa, umuvuduko mpuzandengo w'umuyaga, ingano y'umwuka utangwa, icyerekezo cy'umwuka usohoka n'imiterere y'amazi y'ibyumba bisukuye cyangwa ahantu hasukuye.
Kugira ngo imishinga y’ibyumba bisukuye yemerwe neza, "Ibisobanuro by’inyubako zisukuye n’iz’akira" byo mu gihugu cyanjye (JGJ 71-1990) bivuga neza ko ibizamini n’ivugurura bigomba gukorwa mu gihe nta kintu kirimo cyangwa mu gihe nta kintu kirimo. Iri tegeko rishobora gusuzuma neza ubwiza bw’umushinga ku gihe kandi mu buryo buboneye, kandi rishobora no kwirinda impaka ku ifungwa ry’umushinga bitewe no kunanirwa kugera ku musaruro uhindagurika nk’uko byari biteganyijwe.
Mu igenzura nyaryo, imiterere idahinduka irakunze kubaho kandi imiterere y'ubusa iba isanzwe. Kubera ko bimwe mu bikoresho byo gutunganya mu cyumba gisukuye bigomba kuba biriho mbere y'igihe. Mbere yo gusuzuma isuku, ibikoresho byo gutunganya bigomba guhanagurwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka ku makuru y'ibizamini. Amabwiriza ari mu "Ibisobanuro byo kubaka no kwakira icyumba gisukuye" (GB50591-2010) yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2011 arasobanutse neza: "16.1.2 Imiterere y'aho icyumba gisukuye giherereye mu gihe cy'igenzura igabanyijemo ibice bikurikira: ikizamini cyo guhindura imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga kigomba kuba kirimo ubusa, Igenzura n'igenzura rya buri munsi ry'uko umushinga wemerwa bigomba kuba birimo ubusa cyangwa birimo ubusa, mu gihe igenzura n'igenzura ry'uko imikoreshereze y'umushinga igomba kuba iriho. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, imiterere y'igenzura ishobora kandi kugenwa binyuze mu biganiro hagati y'umwubatsi (umukoresha) n'ushinzwe kugenzura."
Uburyo umwuka unyuramo bushingiye ahanini ku mwuka usukuye kugira ngo usunikira kandi wimure umwuka wanduye mu cyumba no mu gace kugira ngo hakomeze kurangwa isuku mu cyumba no mu gace. Kubwibyo, umuvuduko w'umuyaga wo mu gice gitanga umwuka n'uburyo umuyaga uhuzwa ni ibipimo by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku isuku. Umuvuduko w'umuyaga mwinshi kandi uhuzwa n'ibice bitandukanye ushobora gukuraho imyanda iterwa n'ibikorwa byo mu nzu vuba kandi neza, bityo ni byo bintu byo gupima icyumba gisukuye twibandaho cyane cyane.
Uruzi rudakoresha icyerekezo kimwe ahanini rushingiye ku mwuka mwiza winjira kugira ngo woroshye kandi woroshye imyanda iri mu cyumba no mu gace kugira ngo isuku ikomeze kuba nziza. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko uko umwuka uhinduka cyane n'uburyo umwuka utembera neza, ni ko ingaruka zo gushonga zirushaho kuba nziza. Kubwibyo, ingano y'umwuka utangwa n'impinduka z'umwuka mu byumba bisukuye bidakoresha icyerekezo kimwe n'ahantu hasukuye ni ibintu byapimwe byakuruye abantu benshi.
2. Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe
Gupima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu byumba bisukuye cyangwa mu mazu asukuye muri rusange bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ikizamini rusange n'ikizamini cyuzuye. Ikizamini cyo kwakira ikizamini mu gihe cy'ubusa gikwiriye cyane icyiciro gikurikira; ikizamini cyuzuye cy'imikorere mu gihe cy'ubudahinduka cyangwa igihe cy'ubudahinduka gikwiriye cyane icyiciro gikurikira. Ubwo bwoko bw'ikizamini bukwiriye ibihe bifite ibisabwa bikomeye ku bushyuhe n'ubushuhe.
Iki kizamini gikorwa nyuma yo gusuzuma uburyo umwuka ugenda neza ndetse no guhindura uburyo bwo gukonjesha. Muri iki gihe cy'ikizamini, uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwakoze neza kandi imiterere itandukanye yarahagaze. Ni ngombwa gushyiraho icyuma gipima ubushuhe muri buri gace gashinzwe kugenzura ubushuhe, no guha icyuma igihe gihagije cyo gukonjesha. Igipimo kigomba kuba gikwiriye gukoreshwa kugeza igihe icyuma gipima gihagaze neza mbere yo gutangira gupima. Igihe cyo gupima kigomba kuba kirenze iminota 5.
3. Itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko
Ubu bwoko bw'ikizamini ni ukugenzura ubushobozi bwo kugumana itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko runaka hagati y'ikigo cyuzuye n'ibidukikije bigikikije, no hagati ya buri mwanya uri muri icyo kigo. Iri suzuma rireba uturere twose uko ari dutatu tw'abantu. Iri suzuma ni ingenzi cyane. Gusuzuma itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko bigomba gukorwa inzugi zose zifunze, uhereye ku muvuduko mwinshi kugeza ku muvuduko muto, uhereye mu cyumba cy'imbere kiri kure cyane y'inyuma mu bijyanye n'imiterere, hanyuma ugasuzuma hanze mu buryo bukurikiranye. Ibyumba bisukuye by'ubwoko butandukanye bifite imyobo ifatanye bifite icyerekezo cy'umwuka gikwiye gusa ku muryango.
Ibisabwa mu gupima itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko:
(1) Iyo inzugi zose ziri ahantu hasukuye zigomba gufungwa, itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko udahinduka rirapimwa.
(2) Mu cyumba gisukuye, komeza uko bikurikirana kuva ku isuku yo hejuru kugeza ku isuku nkeya kugeza igihe icyumba gifite inzira yo kwinjira hanze kigaragaye.
(3) Iyo nta mwuka utemba mu cyumba, umunwa w'umuyoboro upimisha ugomba gushyirwa ahantu hose, kandi ubuso bw'umunwa w'umuyoboro upimisha bugomba kuba bungana n'uburyo umwuka utemba.
(4) Amakuru yapimwe kandi yanditswe agomba kuba ari nyayo kuri 1.0Pa.
Intambwe zo kumenya itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko:
(1) Funga inzugi zose.
(2) Koresha igipimo cy'umuvuduko utandukanye kugira ngo upime itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko hagati ya buri cyumba gisukuye, hagati y'inzira z'icyumba gisukuye, no hagati y'inzira n'isi yo hanze.
(3) Amakuru yose agomba kwandikwa.
Ibisabwa ku gipimo cy’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko:
(1) Itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko uhoraho hagati y'ibyumba bisukuye cyangwa ahantu hasukuye ho mu rwego rutandukanye n'ibyumba bidasukuye (ahantu) rigomba kuba rirenze 5Pa.
(2) Itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko uhoraho hagati y'icyumba gisukuye (agace) n'aho hanze hagomba kuba hejuru ya 10Pa.
(3) Ku byumba bisukuye bikoresha icyerekezo kimwe bifite isuku y'umwuka irenze ISO 5 (Class 100), iyo urugi rufunguye, ubucucike bw'umukungugu ku buso bwo gukoreramo bwo mu nzu buri muri metero 0.6 imbere mu rugi bugomba kuba buri munsi y'ubucucike bw'umukungugu bw'urwego rujyanye nabyo.
(4) Niba ibisabwa byavuzwe haruguru bitagezweho, ingano y'umwuka mwiza n'ingano y'umwuka usohoka bigomba guhindurwa kugeza igihe byemewe.
4. Uduce duto duto
(1) Abapimisha bo mu nzu bagomba kwambara imyenda isukuye kandi ikaba ntoya kurusha abantu babiri. Bagomba kuba bari ku ruhande rw'aho ikizamini giherereye kandi kure y'aho ikizamini gikorerwa. Bagomba kugenda buhoro iyo bahinduranya aho ikizamini gikorerwa kugira ngo birinde kongera kwivanga kw'abakozi ku isuku yo mu nzu.
(2) Ibikoresho bigomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo kubigenzura.
(3) Ibikoresho bigomba gusukurwa mbere na nyuma yo gupimwa.
(4) Mu gace k’amazi anyura mu cyerekezo kimwe, icyuma gipima ingero cyatoranijwe kigomba kuba hafi y’icyitegererezo gihinduka, kandi kunyura k’umuvuduko w’umwuka winjira mu cyitegerezo n’umuvuduko w’umwuka ufatwa mu citegerezo bigomba kuba biri munsi ya 20%. Iyo bitakozwe, icyambu cyo gupima ingero kigomba kureba icyerekezo nyamukuru cy’umwuka. Ku bice byo gupima ingero bitari icyerekezo kimwe, icyambu cyo gupima ingero kigomba kuba kihagaze hejuru.
(5) Umuyoboro uhuza uva ku cyambu cyo gufata ingero ujya ku cyuma gipima ivumbi ugomba kuba mugufi uko bishoboka kose.
5. Bagiteri zireremba
Umubare w'aho gupima ahantu hagufi uhuye n'umubare w'aho gupima uduce duto duhagaze. Aho gupima mu gice cy'akazi ni nko kuri metero 0.8-1.2 uvuye ku butaka. Aho gupima ku masoko y'umwuka ni nko kuri cm 30 uvuye ku buso bw'aho umwuka uturuka. Aho gupima hashobora kongerwa ku bikoresho by'ingenzi cyangwa ku rwego rw'ibikorwa by'ingenzi. , buri gace k'aho gupima gakunze gupimwa rimwe.
6. Bagiteri zangiritse
Kora ku ntera ya metero 0.8-1.2 uvuye ku butaka. Shyira isahani ya Petri yateguwe aho ifatirwa ingero. Fungura igipfundikizo cy'isahani ya Petri. Nyuma y'igihe cyagenwe, ongera upfuke isahani ya Petri. Shyira isahani ya Petri mu cyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe budahinduka kugira ngo ihingwe. Igihe gisabwa mu masaha 48, buri cyiciro kigomba kuba gifite ikizamini cyo kugenzura kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ubwandu bw'uburyo bwo guhingwa.
7. Urusaku
Niba uburebure bw'igipimo buri nko muri metero 1.2 uvuye ku butaka kandi ubuso bw'icyumba gisukuye buri muri metero kare 15, niho hashobora gupimwa ingingo imwe gusa hagati mu cyumba; niba ubuso burenga metero kare 15, ingingo enye z'umurongo zigomba gupimwa, ingingo imwe uvuye ku rukuta rwo ku ruhande, ingingo zo gupima zireba buri mfuruka.
8. Kumurikirwa
Ubuso bw'aho gupimira buri nko muri metero 0.8 uvuye ku butaka, kandi ingingo zishyizwe hagati ya metero 2. Ku byumba biri muri metero kare 30, ingingo zipimira ziri nko muri metero 0.5 uvuye ku rukuta rwo ku ruhande. Ku byumba binini birenga metero kare 30, ingingo zipimira ziri nko muri metero 1 uvuye ku rukuta.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 14 Nzeri 2023