Mubisanzwe ibipimo byo gupima ibyumba bisukuye birimo: isuzumabumenyi ry’icyumba cy’ibidukikije isuzumabumenyi, isuzuma ryemewe ry’ubuhanga, harimo ibiryo, ibikomoka ku buzima, amavuta yo kwisiga, amazi y’amacupa, amahugurwa y’amata, amahugurwa y’ibicuruzwa bikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, amahugurwa ya GMP, icyumba gikoreramo ibitaro, laboratoire y’inyamaswa, ibinyabuzima laboratoire, akabati kabi, intebe zisukuye, amahugurwa adafite ivumbi, amahugurwa meza, nibindi.
Isuku yo gupima ibyumba: umuvuduko wumwuka nubunini bwikirere, umubare wimihindagurikire yikirere, ubushyuhe nubushuhe, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko, uduce twumukungugu twahagaritswe, bagiteri zireremba, bagiteri zituye, urusaku, kumurika, nibindi. Ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye, nyamuneka reba ibipimo bifatika kugirango bisukure kwipimisha icyumba.
Kumenya ibyumba bisukuye bigomba kwerekana neza aho batuye.Imimerere itandukanye izavamo ibisubizo bitandukanye byo kugerageza.Dukurikije "Kode y'Icyumba gisukura" (GB 50073-2001), gupima ibyumba bisukuye bigabanyijemo leta eshatu: leta irimo ubusa, leta ihagaze hamwe na leta ifite imbaraga.
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(3) Leta ifite imbaraga ikorera muri leta runaka, yagennye abakozi bahari, kandi ikora imirimo muburyo bwumvikanyweho.
1. Umuvuduko wumwuka, ubwinshi bwikirere numubare wimpinduka zumwuka
Isuku yibyumba bisukuye n’ahantu hasukuye bigerwaho ahanini no kohereza umwuka uhagije uhagije wo kwimura no kugabanya imyanda ihumanya ikomoka mucyumba.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe cyane gupima ingano yo gutanga ikirere, umuvuduko wumuyaga ugereranije, guhuza ikirere kimwe, icyerekezo cyoguhumeka hamwe nuburyo bwo gutembera mubyumba bisukuye cyangwa ibikoresho bisukuye.
Kugira ngo umushinga w’ibyumba bisukuye urangire, "Igihugu cyubatswe n’ibyumba bisukuye kandi byemewe" (JGJ 71-1990) giteganya neza ko ibizamini noguhindura bigomba gukorwa muri leta yubusa cyangwa muri static.Aya mabwiriza arashobora gusuzuma mugihe gikwiye kandi afite intego yo gusuzuma ireme ryumushinga, kandi irashobora kandi kwirinda amakimbirane yo guhagarika imishinga kubera kunanirwa kugera kubisubizo byingirakamaro nkuko byari byateganijwe.
Mugenzuzi nyirizina yo kurangiza, ibintu bihagaze nibisanzwe kandi ibintu byubusa ntibisanzwe.Kuberako bimwe mubikoresho bitunganyirizwa mucyumba gisukuye bigomba kuba bihari mbere.Mbere yo gupima isuku, ibikoresho byo gutunganya bigomba guhanagurwa neza kugirango wirinde kugira ingaruka kumibare yikizamini.Amabwiriza yo "Kubaka ibyumba bisukuye byubaka no kwemererwa" (GB50591-2010) yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2011 birasobanutse neza: "16.1.2 Imiterere y’icyumba cy’isuku mu gihe cy’igenzura igabanijwe ku buryo bukurikira: ikizamini cyo guhindura imashini gikwiye kuba ubusa, Igenzura nubugenzuzi busanzwe bwa buri munsi kugirango umushinga wemerwe bigomba kuba ari ubusa cyangwa bihamye, mugihe ubugenzuzi nogukurikirana kugirango byemererwe gukoreshwa bigomba kuba imbaraga mugihe bibaye ngombwa, igenzura rishobora no kugenwa binyuze mubiganiro hagati yubaka (umukoresha) na ishyaka ry'ubugenzuzi. "
Urujya n'uruza rushingiye cyane cyane kumyuka isukuye kugirango isunike kandi yimure umwuka wanduye mucyumba no mukarere kugirango isuku yicyumba nakarere.Kubwibyo, igice cyacyo cyo gutanga ikirere umuvuduko wumuyaga hamwe nuburinganire nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumasuku.Umuvuduko mwinshi kandi uringaniye uhuza ibice byumuyaga urashobora gukuraho umwanda uterwa nuburyo bwo murugo byihuse kandi neza, kubwibyo nibintu byo gupima ibyumba bisukuye twibandaho cyane.
Urujya n'uruza rudafite icyerekezo rushingiye cyane cyane ku mwuka usukuye winjira kugira ngo ugabanye kandi ugabanye umwanda mu cyumba no mu gace kugira ngo ugire isuku.Ibisubizo byerekana ko umubare munini wimihindagurikire yikirere hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gutembera kwikirere, nibyiza ingaruka zo guhinduka zizaba.Kubwibyo, ubwinshi bwimyuka ihindagurika hamwe nimpinduka zijyanye nikirere mubyumba bisukuye bitarangwamo icyiciro kimwe hamwe n ahantu hasukuye ni ibintu bipimisha ikirere byakuruye abantu benshi.
2. Ubushuhe n'ubushuhe
Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu byumba bisukuye cyangwa mu mahugurwa asukuye birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: ibizamini rusange hamwe n'ibizamini byuzuye.Ikizamini cyo kurangiza kurangiza mubusa kirakwiriye kurwego rukurikira;ikizamini cyuzuye cyimikorere muri static cyangwa dinamike leta irakwiriye kurwego rukurikira.Ubu bwoko bwikizamini burakwiriye mugihe gikenewe cyane kubushyuhe nubushuhe.
Iki kizamini gikozwe nyuma yikizamini cyo guhumeka ikirere hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka.Muri iki gihe cyibizamini, sisitemu yo guhumeka yakoraga neza kandi ibintu bitandukanye byahagaze neza.Nibisanzwe gushiraho sensor yubushyuhe muri buri karere kagenzura ubushuhe, no guha sensor umwanya uhagije wo guhagarara.Ibipimo bigomba kuba bikwiye gukoreshwa nyabyo kugeza igihe sensor ihagaze mbere yo gutangira gupima.Igihe cyo gupima kigomba kuba kirenze iminota 5.
3. Itandukaniro ryingutu
Ubu bwoko bwo kwipimisha ni ukugenzura ubushobozi bwo gukomeza itandukaniro ryumuvuduko hagati yikigo cyarangiye n’ibidukikije, ndetse na buri mwanya uri mu kigo.Uku gutahura gukurikizwa kuri leta zose uko ari 3.Iki kizamini ni ingenzi.Kumenya itandukaniro ryumuvuduko bigomba gukorwa ninzugi zose zifunze, guhera kumuvuduko mwinshi ukageza kumuvuduko muke, guhera mucyumba cyimbere kure y’inyuma ukurikije imiterere, hanyuma ukagerageza hanze ukurikiranye.Ibyumba bisukuye byibyiciro bitandukanye hamwe nu mwobo uhujwe bifite icyerekezo cyiza cyo guhumeka neza ku bwinjiriro.
Ibipimo byo gupima igitutu:
(1) Iyo inzugi zose ahantu hasukuye zisabwa gufungwa, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko uhagaze rirapimwa.
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(4) Amakuru yapimwe kandi yanditswe agomba kuba afite ukuri kuri 1.0Pa.
Intambwe yo gutandukanya igitutu:
(1) Funga imiryango yose.
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(3) Amakuru yose agomba kwandikwa.
Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko usabwa:
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(2) Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko uhagaze hagati yicyumba gisukuye (agace) hamwe no hanze birasabwa kuba birenze 10Pa.
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4. Ibice byahagaritswe
(1) Abapimisha mu nzu bagomba kwambara imyenda isukuye kandi igomba kuba nto kubantu babiri.Bagomba kuba kuruhande rwamanuka rwibizamini kandi kure yikizamini.Bagomba kugenda byoroheje mugihe bahinduye ingingo kugirango birinde kongera kwivanga kwabakozi ku isuku yo murugo.
(2) Ibikoresho bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe cya kalibrasi.
(3) Ibikoresho bigomba guhanagurwa mbere na nyuma yo kwipimisha.
.Niba ibi bidakozwe, icyambu cyicyitegererezo kigomba guhura nicyerekezo nyamukuru cyimyuka.Kubintu biterekanwa byerekanwa byicyitegererezo, icyambu cyicyitegererezo kigomba kuba gihagaritse hejuru.
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5. Bagiteri zireremba
Umubare wumwanya muto wo gutoranya amanota uhuye numubare wahagaritswe uduce duto duto.Ingingo zo gupimisha ahakorerwa ni nka 0.8-1.2m hejuru yubutaka.Ibipimo byo gupimisha aho bitanga ikirere biri hafi 30cm uvuye hejuru yikirere.Ibipimo byo gupima birashobora kongerwaho ibikoresho byingenzi cyangwa ibikorwa byingenzi byakazi., buri cyitegererezo cyatanzwe rimwe.
6. Bagiteri zanduye
Kora intera ya 0.8-1.2m uvuye hasi.Shira ibiryo bya Petri byateguwe aho byatoranijwe.Fungura igifuniko cya Petri.Nyuma yigihe cyagenwe, ongera utwikire ibiryo bya Petri.Shira ibiryo bya Petri muri incubator yubushyuhe burigihe kugirango uhinge.Igihe gisabwa mu masaha 48, buri cyiciro kigomba kugira ikizamini cyo kugenzura niba cyanduye umuco.
7. Urusaku
Niba uburebure bwo gupima bufite metero 1,2 uvuye hasi kandi ubuso bwicyumba gisukuye buri muri metero kare 15, hashobora gupimwa ingingo imwe gusa hagati yicyumba;niba ubuso burenze metero kare 15, ingingo enye za diagonal nazo zigomba gupimwa, ingingo imwe kuva kurukuta rwuruhande, gupima ingingo ireba buri mfuruka.
8. Kumurika
Ubuso bwo gupima ni metero 0.8 uvuye ku butaka, kandi ingingo zitondekanye metero 2 zitandukanye.Kubyumba biri muri metero kare 30, ingingo zo gupima ziri kuri metero 0.5 uvuye kurukuta rwuruhande.Kubyumba birenga metero kare 30, ingingo zo gupima ziri muri metero 1 uvuye kurukuta.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-14-2023