1: Gutegura kubaka
1) Kugenzura imiterere yo kugenzura
① Emeza indakanirwa, kugumana no kwerekana ibikoresho by'umwimerere; Muganire ku buryo bwo gukora no gutwara ibintu biteye isoni.
② Emeza ibintu byahinduwe, bisenywa, kandi bigagumana imiyoboro yumwimerere hamwe n'imiyoboro itandukanye, hanyuma ubishyiremo; Menya icyerekezo cyindege hamwe nimiyoboro itandukanye, kandi ugaragaze ibikorwa bya sisitemu, nibindi.
Emera igisenge n'amagorofa yo hasi byavuguruwe kandi birimo ibikoresho binini byongereweho, kandi wemeze ubushobozi bujyanye no gutwara, kandi ko ingaruka zo gukonjesha, ibisigazwa, iminara, ibikoresho byo kuvura ibiyobyabwenge, n'ibindi
2) kugenzura imiterere yumushinga wambere
① Reba ikibanza kinini hamwe nimpande za spatial zumushinga uhari, koresha ibikoresho bifatika kugirango uhagarike ibipimo bikenewe, hanyuma ugereranye kandi ugenzure hamwe namakuru yarangije.
② Kugereranya akazi k'ibikoresho n'imiyoboro itandukanye bigomba gusenywa, harimo n'ingamba n'ibikorwa bisabwa mu gutwara no kuvura.
Emeza amashanyarazi nibindi bihe mugihe cyubwubatsi, hamwe nimbaraga zo gupfobya gahunda yambere yubutegetsi, ikabashyira akamenyetso.
Imiterere yo kuvugurura imikorere yo kuvugurura hamwe ningamba zo gucunga umutekano.
3) Imyiteguro yo gutangira akazi
Ubusanzwe igihe cyo kuvugurura ni gito, bityo ibikoresho nibikoresho bigomba gutegekwa mbere kugirango tumenye neza ko kubaka byoroshye bitangiye.
②Draw schine, harimo imirongo shingiro yicyumba cyiza cyurukuta, ibisenge, udupapuro twinshi twikirere hamwe nimiyoboro yingenzi.
③ Menya aho ububiko bwibikoresho bitandukanye nibikenewe kurubuga.
Gutegura amashanyarazi yigihe gito, isoko y'amazi na gaze yo kubaka.
Gutegura ibikoresho bikenewe byo kurwanya umuriro n'ibindi bikoresho by'umutekano ku mwanya wubatswe, kora uburezi bwubwubatsi ku bakozi bashinzwe kubaka, no gutondekanya amategeko y'umutekano, n'ibindi.
⑥in yo kubaka icyumba cyo kubaka ibyumba byesuka, abakozi b'ubwubatsi bagomba kwigishwa ubumenyi bwa tekiniki, ibisabwa bijyanye n'umutekano n'ibisabwa byihariye bivuguruzanya mubyumba bisukuye, kandi bishyireho ibisabwa n'amategeko, Gushiraho imashini, ibikoresho byogusukura hamwe nibikoresho byihutirwa.
2: Icyiciro cyo kubaka
1) umushinga wo gusenya
Gerageza kudakoresha ibikorwa "umuriro", cyane cyane mugihe ubangamiye, uturika, udusimba, kandi uburozi bwo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge hamwe na fapelines. Niba "umuriro" ugomba gukoreshwa, wemeze nyuma yisaha 1 gusa mugihe ntakibazo ushobora gukingura byinshi.
② Kubikorwa byo gusenya bishobora kubyara ibihano, urusaku, nibindi, guhuza nimpande zibishinzwe bigomba gukorwa mbere kugirango hamenyekane igihe cyubwubatsi.
③ Iyo isenywaga igice kandi ibice bisigaye ntabwo bisenyutse cyangwa bikaba bigomba gukoreshwa, guhagarika sisitemu hamwe nakazi kabigenewe (bitemba, nibindi. Amashanyarazi agomba kuba kurubuga kugirango akemure ibibazo bijyanye, umutekano nibikorwa.
2) Kubaka umwuka
① Kora kubaka kurubuga ukurikije amategeko agenga, kandi ushireho amabwiriza yo kubaka n'umutekano ukurikije imiterere nyayo yo kuvugurura.
Kugenzura neza no kubungabunga imiyoboro yindege igomba gushyirwaho kurubuga rwimuka, komeza imbere kandi hanze yumuyoboro usukuye, hanyuma ushireho imiyoboro yombi hamwe na firime za plastike.
Vibration bizabaho mugihe ushyiraho amahema yashushanyijeho amahema yo gusohora, ugomba rero guhuza na nyirayo nabandi bakozi biboneye mbere; Kuraho firime yerekana mbere yo kuzamura imiyoboro yindege, hanyuma uhanagure imbere mbere yo kuzamura. Ntugahangayikishwe nibice byangiritse byoroshye byibikoresho byumwimerere (nko imiyoboro ya pulasitike, intangarugero, nibindi) ntabwo zikoreshwa nigitutu, kandi ingamba zo kurinda.
3) Gukubita no Kwiringa Ubwubatsi
① Igikorwa cyo gusudira gisabwa cyo guhuza no kwisiga bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro, ibibaho bya Asibesitosi, nibindi.
Gukora neza ukurikije ibisobanuro byemerwa nubwubatsi byo gusenya no kwishongora. Niba ibikoresho bya hydraulic bitemewe hafi yurubuga, ibizamini byumwuka birashobora gukoreshwa, ariko ingamba zumutekano zijyanye zigomba gufatwa ukurikije amabwiriza.
③ Iyo uhuza imiyoboro yumwimerere, ingamba za tekiniki zumutekano mbere kandi mugihe cyo guhuza bigomba gushyirwaho hakiri kare, cyane cyane kubihuza gaze yaka kandi ishobora guteza akaga; Mugihe cyo gukora, abakozi bashinzwe gucunga umutekano bava mu baburanyi bireba bagomba kuba kurubuga kandi nkenerwa burigihe gutegura ibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro.
④ Kubaka imiyoboro bitwara ibitangazamakuru byo kwisuku, usibye kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga, hagomba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe gusukura, gusunika no kwipimisha no kwipimisha no kwezwa mugihe uhuza imiyoboro yumwimerere.
4) kubaka gaze idasanzwe
Sisitemu ya Pipeline yo gutwara abantu uburozi, umuriro waka, iturika, iturika, kandi riturika, kandi ryubwubatsi butekanye ni ngombwa cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibivugwa muri "Kwiyubaka kwubaka bya gaze no kwaguka mubwubatsi busanzwe" muburyo busanzwe bwa sisitemu yubuhanga ". . Aya mabwiriza agomba gushyirwa mubikorwa bidashyizwe mubikorwa gusa "gaze idasanzwe", ariko kandi kuri sisitemu zose za pipeline zitwara uburozi, zaka, kandi zikaranze.
Kubaka iyubakwa ry'umuyoboro udasanzwe wa gaze rihuza ibi bikurikira. Igice cyo kubaka kigomba gutegura gahunda yo kubaka mbere yo gutangira akazi. Ibirimo bigomba kubamo ibice byingenzi, ingamba zingenzi, ingamba mugihe cyo gukora, gukurikirana inzira zifatika zo gukora, gahunda zihutirwa, nimero yihutirwa hamwe nabatabiriye. Abakozi b'ubwubatsi bagomba gutangwa amakuru arambuye kuri tekiniki zishoboka. Vuga ukuri.
③ Mugihe habaye umuriro, kumeneka kwibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga, cyangwa izindi mpanuka mugihe cyibikorwa, ugomba kubahiriza amategeko ahuriweho no kwimuka muburyo bukurikiranye ukurikije inzira yo guhunga. . Mugihe ukora ibijyanye na flame ifunguye nko gusudira mugihe cyo kubaka, uruhushya rwumuriro nuruhererekane rwo gukoresha imikoreshereze yuburinzi bwumuriro butangwa nubwubatsi bigomba kuboneka.
Ingamba zo kwigunga by'agateganyo hamwe n'ibimenyetso byo kuburira by'akaga bigomba kwemezwa hagati y'ahantu umusaruro no mu kubaka. Abakozi b'ubwubatsi barabujijwe rwose kwinjira mu nzego zidahuriye no kubaka. Abakozi ba tekinike baturutse kuri nyirubwite kandi ishyaka ryubwubatsi rigomba kuba rihari ahazubakwa. Gufungura no gufunga umuryango wa mesh, guhinduranya amashanyarazi, hamwe nibikorwa byo gusimbuza gazi bigomba kuzuzwa nabakozi bitanze bayobowe nabakozi ba tewolojiya. Ibikorwa nta ruhushya bubujijwe rwose. Mugihe cyo gukata no guhindura, umuyoboro wose waciwe kandi gucamo ingingo bigomba kugaragara neza mbere. Umuyoboro ugaragara ugomba kwemezwa na nyirayo hamwe nabakozi ba tekinike yubwubatsi kurubuga kugirango wirinde imitekerereze.
⑤ Mbere yo kubaka, imyuka idasanzwe yo mu muyoboro igomba gusimburwa azonge yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kandi sisitemu ya pieline igomba kwimurwa. Gazi yasimbuwe igomba gutunganywa nigikoresho cyo kuvura gaze ya roza kandi isohoka nyuma yo kuzuza ibipimo. Umuyoboro wahinduwe ugomba kuzuzwa na azote-nkeya mbere yo gukata, kandi ibikorwa bigomba gukorwa mu gitutu cyiza mu muyoboro.
⑥Abavumburwa birangiye kandi ikizamini cyujuje ibisabwa, umwuka muri sisitemu ya pieline ugomba gusimburwa na azote kandi umuyoboro ugomba kwimurwa.
3: Ubugenzuzi bwo kubaka, kwemerwa no kugeragezwa
① Kwemera icyumba gisukuye cyavuguruwe. Ubwa mbere, buri gice kigomba kugenzurwa no kwemerwa ukurikije amahame nibisobanuro bijyanye. IKI igomba gushimangirwa hano ni ubugenzuzi no kwemera ibice bijyanye n'inyubako ya mbere na sisitemu. Ubugenzuzi no kwemerwa bonyine ntibishobora kwerekana ko bashobora kuzuza "intego zo kuvugurura". Bagomba kandi kugenzurwa binyuze mu gikorwa cyo kugerageza. Kubwibyo, ntabwo ari ngombwa kurangiza gusa kwemerwa, ariko kandi bisaba ishami ryubwubatsi gukorana na nyirubwite gukora ikigeragezo.
Ibikorwa byo kugerageza icyumba gisukuye. Sisitemu yose yingirakamaro, ibikoresho nibikoresho bigira uruhare mu guhinduka bigomba kugeragezwa bigomba kugeragezwa umwe umwe akurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nibisabwa bifatika kandi bifatanije nibihe byihariye byumushinga. Amabwiriza yo gukora ibigeragezo n'ibisabwa bigomba gushyirwaho. Mugihe cyo kugerageza, kwitabwaho bidasanzwe bigomba kwishyurwa kugirango ugenzure igice cya sisitemu yumwimerere. Sisitemu nshya yongeyeho ntabwo igomba kwanduza sisitemu yumwimerere. Kugenzura no kwipimisha bigomba gukorwa mbere yo gusana. Ingamba zo kurinda zikenewe zigomba gufatwa mugihe cyo guhuza. Ikizamini nyuma yo guhuza ibikorwa bigomba kugenzurwa neza kandi bigageragezwa, kandi ibikorwa byigeragezwa birashobora kurangira mugihe ibisabwa byujujwe.
Igihe cya nyuma: Sep-12-2023