1: Gutegura ubwubatsi
1) Kugenzura imiterere yikibanza
① Kwemeza gusenya, kugumana no gushyira akamenyetso kubikoresho byumwimerere;muganire ku buryo bwo gufata no gutwara ibintu byashenywe.
② Emeza ibintu byahinduwe, bisenywa, kandi bigumane mu miyoboro yambere y’ikirere n’imiyoboro inyuranye, hanyuma ubishyireho ikimenyetso;menya icyerekezo cy'imiyoboro yo mu kirere n'imiyoboro inyuranye, kandi ugaragaze imikorere y'ibikoresho bya sisitemu, n'ibindi.
Irm Emeza igisenge n'amagorofa y'ibikoresho bigomba kuvugururwa n'ibikoresho binini bigomba kongerwamo, kandi wemeze ubushobozi bwo gutwara, ingaruka ku bidukikije, n'ibindi, nk'iminara ikonjesha, firigo, transformateur, ibikoresho byo kuvura ibintu byangiza, n'ibindi
2) Kugenzura imiterere yumushinga wambere
① Reba indege nyamukuru nuburinganire bwumushinga uriho, koresha ibikoresho bijyanye no gukora ibipimo nkenerwa, kandi ugereranye kandi ugenzure hamwe namakuru yuzuye.
Kugereranya akazi k'ibikoresho n'imiyoboro inyuranye igomba gusenywa, harimo ingamba n'umurimo ukenewe mu gutwara no kuvura.
Emeza amashanyarazi hamwe nibindi bisabwa mugihe cyubwubatsi, nurwego rwo gusenya sisitemu yumuriro wambere, hanyuma ubishyireho ikimenyetso.
Guhuza ibikorwa byo kuvugurura no gufata ingamba zo gucunga umutekano.
3) Kwitegura gutangira akazi
① Mubisanzwe igihe cyo kuvugurura ni kigufi, bityo ibikoresho nibikoresho bigomba gutumizwa hakiri kare kugirango hubakwe neza iyo kubaka bitangiye.
Shushanya umurongo fatizo, ushizemo imirongo fatizo yurukuta rwicyumba gisukuye, ibisenge, imiyoboro minini yumuyaga numuyoboro wingenzi.
Kugena ibibanza byo kubikamo ibikoresho bitandukanye nibikenewe kurubuga rwo gutunganya.
Gutegura amashanyarazi yigihe gito, isoko yamazi nisoko ya gaze yo kubaka.
Gutegura ibikoresho nkenerwa byo kuzimya umuriro nibindi bikoresho byumutekano ahazubakwa, gukora inyigisho zumutekano kubakozi bubaka, namabwiriza yumutekano wanyuma, nibindi.
⑥ Kugirango hamenyekane neza ubwubatsi bw’ibyumba bisukuye, abakozi bashinzwe ubwubatsi bagomba kwigishwa ubumenyi bwa tekinike y’isuku, ibisabwa bijyanye n’umutekano hamwe n’ibisabwa byihariye hashingiwe ku bihe byihariye byo kuvugurura ibyumba by’isuku, bagashyira ahagaragara ibisabwa n’amabwiriza akenewe ku myambaro, kwishyiriraho imashini, ibikoresho byogusukura nibikoresho byumutekano byihutirwa.
2: Icyiciro cyubwubatsi
1) Umushinga wo gusenya
① Gerageza kudakoresha ibikorwa bya "fire", cyane cyane mugihe usenya imiyoboro yaka umuriro, iturika, yangirika, kandi yangiza uburozi hamwe numuyoboro usohora.Niba ibikorwa bya "fire" bigomba gukoreshwa, wemeze nyuma yisaha 1 gusa mugihe ntakibazo ushobora gufungura ibibanza cyane.
② Kubikorwa byo gusenya bishobora kubyara kunyeganyega, urusaku, nibindi, guhuza impande zombi bigomba gukorwa hakiri kare kugirango hamenyekane igihe cyo kubaka.
③ Iyo isambuwe igice kandi ibice bisigaye ntibisenywe cyangwa bigikenewe gukoreshwa, guhagarika sisitemu hamwe nakazi gakenewe ko kugerageza (gutemba, igitutu, nibindi) mbere yo gusenya bigomba gukemurwa neza: Mugihe uhagaritse amashanyarazi, ibikorwa amashanyarazi agomba kuba kumurongo kugirango akemure ibibazo bijyanye, umutekano nibikorwa.
2) Kubaka imiyoboro yo mu kirere
Gukora ahazubakwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga, no gushyiraho amabwiriza yubwubatsi n’umutekano hashingiwe ku bihe nyabyo byavuguruwe.
Kugenzura neza no kubika imiyoboro yumuyaga igomba gushyirwa ahantu yimuka, komeza imbere no hanze y’imiyoboro isukuye, kandi ushireho impande zombi hamwe na firime.
Ibinyeganyega bizabaho mugihe ushyizeho amahema abajwe kugirango azamure, ugomba rero guhuza na nyirubwite hamwe nabandi bakozi bireba mbere;kura firime ifunga mbere yo kuzamura umuyaga, hanyuma uhanagure imbere mbere yo kuzamura.Ntugahangayikishwe nibice byangiritse byoroshye mubikoresho byumwimerere (nk'imiyoboro ya pulasitike, ibice byabigenewe, nibindi) ntibiterwa igitutu, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikenewe zo kubarinda.
3) Kubaka imiyoboro no gukoresha insinga
Work Imirimo yo gusudira isabwa mu miyoboro no mu nsinga igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho bizimya umuriro, imbaho za asibesitosi, n'ibindi.
Gukora byimazeyo ukurikije ibyangombwa byemewe byo kubaka byubaka imiyoboro.Niba ibizamini bya hydraulic bitemewe hafi yikibanza, hashobora gukoreshwa ibizamini byumuvuduko wikirere, ariko hagomba gufatwa ingamba zumutekano zijyanye n’amabwiriza.
③ Iyo uhuza imiyoboro y'umwimerere, ingamba za tekiniki z'umutekano mbere no mugihe cyo guhuza zigomba gutegurwa hakiri kare, cyane cyane guhuza gazi yaka kandi ishobora guteza akaga ndetse n'umuyoboro w'amazi;mugihe cyo gukora, abashinzwe umutekano baturutse mumashyaka bireba bagomba kuba kurubuga kandi bikenewe Buri gihe utegure ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro.
④ Kubaka imiyoboro itwara itangazamakuru rifite isuku ryinshi, usibye kubahiriza amabwiriza abigenga, hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane cyane mugusukura, gusukura no gupima isuku mugihe uhuza imiyoboro yumwimerere.
4) Kubaka imiyoboro idasanzwe ya gaz
① Kuri sisitemu y'imiyoboro itwara ibintu bifite ubumara, bwaka, biturika, kandi byangirika, kubaka umutekano ni ngombwa cyane.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingingo za "Ubwubatsi bwa Gaz zidasanzwe no kongera kubaka ubwubatsi" mu rwego rwigihugu "Special Gas System Engineering Technical Standard" yavuzwe hepfo..Aya mabwiriza ntagomba gukurikizwa byimazeyo imiyoboro ya "gaze idasanzwe" gusa, ahubwo no muburyo bwose bwo gutwara imiyoboro itwara uburozi, bwaka, kandi bwangiza.
ConstructionKubaka umushinga wihariye wo gusenya umuyoboro wa gazi ugomba kuba wujuje ibi bikurikira.Igice cyubwubatsi kigomba gutegura gahunda yubwubatsi mbere yo gutangira akazi.Ibirimo bigomba kuba bikubiyemo ibice byingenzi, kwitondera mugihe cyibikorwa, kugenzura ibikorwa byangiza, gahunda zihutirwa, nimero zihutirwa hamwe nabantu bitanze babishinzwe.Abakozi bashinzwe ubwubatsi bagomba guhabwa amakuru arambuye ya tekiniki ku ngaruka zishobora kubaho.Vuga ukuri.
③ Mugihe habaye inkongi y'umuriro, kumeneka kw'ibintu bishobora guteza akaga, cyangwa izindi mpanuka mugihe cyibikorwa, ugomba kumvira itegeko ryunze ubumwe hanyuma ugahita ukurikirana ukurikije inzira yo guhunga..Mugihe ukora ibikorwa byumuriro nko gusudira mugihe cyubwubatsi, uruhushya rwo kuzimya umuriro hamwe nimpushya zo gukoresha ibikoresho birinda umuriro byatanzwe nishami ryubwubatsi bigomba kuboneka.
Ingamba zo kwigunga by'agateganyo n'ibimenyetso byo kuburira ibyago bigomba gukurikizwa hagati y’umusaruro n’ahantu hubatswe.Abakozi bashinzwe ubwubatsi barabujijwe rwose kwinjira mu bice bitajyanye nubwubatsi.Abakozi ba tekinike ba nyirubwite nishyaka ryubaka bagomba kuba bahari ahazubakwa.Gufungura no gufunga umuryango wa mesh, guhinduranya amashanyarazi, hamwe nogusimbuza gazi bigomba kurangizwa nabakozi babigenewe bayobowe nabakozi ba tekinike ba nyirabyo.Ibikorwa nta ruhushya birabujijwe rwose.Mugihe cyo gukata no guhindura, umuyoboro wose ugomba gucibwa kandi aho ugomba gutemberera ugomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso mbere.Umuyoboro washyizweho ugomba kwemezwa na nyirubwite hamwe n’abakozi bashinzwe tekinike y’ishyaka kugirango bakumire nabi.
⑤ Mbere yo kubaka, imyuka idasanzwe mu muyoboro igomba gusimburwa na azote ifite isuku nyinshi, kandi imiyoboro igomba kwimurwa.Gazi yasimbuwe igomba gutunganywa nicyuma gitunganya gaze kandi ikarekurwa nyuma yujuje ubuziranenge.Umuyoboro wahinduwe ugomba kuzuzwa na azote ifite umuvuduko muke mbere yo gutema, kandi igikorwa kigomba gukorwa munsi yumuvuduko mwiza mu muyoboro.
⑥Nyuma yo kubaka irangiye kandi ikizamini cyujuje ibyangombwa, umwuka muri sisitemu y'imiyoboro ugomba gusimburwa na azote kandi umuyoboro ugomba kwimurwa.
3: Igenzura ryubwubatsi, kwemerwa nigikorwa cyo kugerageza
Kwakira byuzuye icyumba gisukuye cyavuguruwe.Icya mbere, buri gice kigomba kugenzurwa no kwemerwa hakurikijwe ibipimo bifatika.Igikwiye gushimangirwa hano ni kugenzura no kwakira ibice bijyanye ninyubako yambere na sisitemu.Kugenzura no kwemerwa byonyine ntibishobora kwerekana ko bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa "intego zo kuvugurura".Bagomba kandi kugenzurwa binyuze mubikorwa byo kugerageza.Kubwibyo, ntabwo ari ngombwa kurangiza gusa kwemererwa kurangiza, ariko biranasaba ishami ryubwubatsi gukorana na nyirubwite kugirango bakore igeragezwa.
Operation Ikigeragezo cyicyumba cyahinduwe.Sisitemu zose, ibikoresho nibikoresho bigira uruhare muguhindura bigomba kugeragezwa umwe umwe ukurikije ibipimo bijyanye nibisabwa kandi bigahuzwa nuburyo bwihariye bwumushinga.Amabwiriza yimikorere yikigereranyo nibisabwa agomba gutegurwa.Mugihe cyibigeragezo, hagomba kwitonderwa byumwihariko kugenzura igice gihuza na sisitemu yumwimerere.Sisitemu nshya yongeweho sisitemu ntigomba kwanduza sisitemu yumwimerere.Kugenzura no kugerageza bigomba gukorwa mbere yo guhuza.Ingamba zikenewe zo kurinda zigomba gufatwa mugihe cyo guhuza.Ikizamini nyuma yo guhuza Igikorwa kigomba kugenzurwa neza no kugeragezwa, kandi igeragezwa rishobora kurangira gusa ibisabwa byujujwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-12-2023